Elon Musk, A Business Magnate and Investor | InformativeBD

 

Source- Wikipedia.org

Elon Reeve Musk FRS (/ˈiːlɒn/ EE-lon; born June 28, 1971) is a business magnate and investor. He is the founder, CEO, and chief engineer of SpaceX; angel investor, CEO, and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. With an estimated net worth of around $238 billion as of September 26, 2022,Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes' real-time billionaires list.

Musk was born and grew up in Pretoria, South Africa,. He attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada at age 17, acquiring citizenship through his Canadian-born mother. Two years later, he matriculated at Queen's University (Ontario) and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he received bachelor's degrees in economics and physics. He moved to California in 1995 to attend Stanford University but decided to instead pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company Zip2 with his brother, Kimbal. The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded the online bank X.com, which merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal. eBay bought PayPal in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

In 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, and is its CEO and chief engineer. In 2004, he was an early investor in the electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.). He became its chairman and product architect, eventually assuming the position of CEO in 2008. In 2006, he helped create SolarCity, a solar energy company that was later acquired by Tesla and became Tesla Energy. In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company promoting friendly artificial intelligence (AI). In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces, and he founded The Boring Company, a tunnel construction company. Musk has proposed a hyperloop high-speed vactrain transportation system and is the president of the Musk Foundation, which donates to scientific research and education.

Musk has been criticized for making unscientific and controversial statements, such as spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic and promoting contentious perspectives regarding politics and various technologies, especially on Twitter. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued Musk for tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla, which the SEC characterized as false and misleading. He settled with the SEC but did not admit guilt, and he temporarily stepped down from his Tesla chairmanship. In 2019, he won a defamation case brought against him by a British caver who had advised in the Tham Luang cave rescue. In 2022, Musk agreed to purchase Twitter for $44 billion but later submitted a termination letter of the deal, leading to lawsuits between both parties. However, Musk later decided to move forward with the purchase.

Elon Musk co-founded

Elon Musk co-founded and leads Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink and The Boring Company.

As the co-founder and CEO of Tesla, Elon leads all product design, engineering and global manufacturing of the company's electric vehicles, battery products and solar energy products.

Since the company’s inception in 2003, Tesla’s mission has been to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy. The first Tesla product, the Roadster sports car, debuted in 2008, followed by the Model S sedan, which was introduced in 2012, and the Model X SUV, which launched in 2015. Model S received Consumer Reports’ Best Overall Car and has been named the Ultimate Car of the Year by Motor Trend, while Model X was the first SUV ever to earn 5-star safety ratings in every category and sub-category in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s tests. In 2017, Tesla began deliveries of Model 3, a mass-market electric vehicle with more than 320 miles of range, and unveiled Tesla Semi, which is designed to save owners at least $200,000 over a million miles based on fuel costs alone. In 2019, Tesla unveiled Cybertruck, which will have better utility than a traditional truck and more performance than a sports car, as well as the Model Y compact SUV, which began customer deliveries in early 2020.

Tesla also produces three energy storage products, the Powerwall home battery, the Powerpack commercial-scale battery, and Megapack, which is designed for utility-scale installations. In 2016, Tesla became the world’s first vertically-integrated sustainable energy company with the acquisition of SolarCity, the leading provider of solar power systems in the United States, and in 2017 released Solar Roof – a beautiful and affordable energy generation product.

As lead designer at SpaceX, Elon oversees the development of rockets and spacecraft for missions to Earth orbit and ultimately to other planets. In 2008, the SpaceX Falcon 1 was the first privately developed liquid fuel rocket to reach orbit, and SpaceX made further history in 2017 by re-flying both a Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft for the first time. Soon after, Falcon Heavy, the most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two, completed its first flight in 2018. In 2019, SpaceX’s crew-capable version of the Dragon spacecraft completed its first demonstration mission, and the company will fly NASA astronauts to the International Space Station for the first time in 2020. Building on these achievements, SpaceX is developing Starship – a fully reusable transportation system that will carry crew and cargo to the Moon, Mars and beyond ­– and Starlink, which will deliver high speed broadband internet to locations where access has been unreliable, expensive, or completely unavailable. By pioneering reusable rockets, SpaceX is pursuing the long-term goal of making humans a multi-planet species by creating a self-sustaining city on Mars.

Elon is also CEO of Neuralink, which is developing ultra-high bandwidth brain-machine interfaces to connect the human brain to computers.

He also launched The Boring Company, which combines fast, affordable tunneling technology with an all-electric public transportation system in order to alleviate soul-crushing urban congestion and enable high-speed, long-distance travel. The Boring Company built a 1.15 mile R&D tunnel in Hawthorne, and is currently constructing Vegas Loop, a public transportation system at the Las Vegas Convention Center.

Previously, Elon co-founded and sold PayPal, the world's leading Internet payment system, and Zip2, one of the first internet maps and directions services.

Source: Tesla.com Wikipedia.org

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Can Drinking Green Tea Help Prevent COVID-19 Infection? | Informativebd

Source: healthdigest.com

Although it seems COVID-19 hasn't been in the headlines as much as it was, it still exists. While you know to keep your distance and not breathe in COVID droplets, is there a simple drink out there that can prevent infection?

COVID is an infection caused by the virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (per World Health Organization). It can be spread through air particles expelled by someone infected and breathed in through your nose or mouth. According to the Mayo Clinic, vaccines can reduce the chances of getting COVID-19 or reduce the severity of its symptoms. There may be a new promising development as well in the use of green tea against COVID.

Tea is the second most drunk beverage in the world after water, reports the International Institute for Sustainable Development. Aside from herbal teas, all tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis bush (via Medical News Today). Green tea is made from the unoxidized leaves of the bush and therefore has one of the highest levels of antioxidants and polyphenols like Epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG. EGCG is a powerful antioxidant that can reduce inflammation and protect cells from stress and damage from free radicals, reports Healthline. Green tea is widely regarded for its health benefits, from enhancing cognitive function to protecting heart health, thanks to these antioxidant properties. Its major component of EGCG has also shown promise in fending off viruses similar to COVID-19, says a study in The Journal of General Virology.

Green tea has antiviral properties

EGCG has previously shown the ability to inhibit cell entry for viruses like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C, and influenza, as well as the transcription of adenoviruses (per Journal of General Virology). This effectiveness against the flu and adenoviruses is the key to the possibility of green tea helping prevent COVID-19 infections. According to the study, for a COVID-19 infection to begin to take place, the virus needs to successfully enter the cells and bind to receptors. In tests, ECGC shows effectiveness in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and interfering with its binding to receptors. This is good news as it seems this significant component of green tea can cause major problems for COVID-19.

Unfortunately, to be effective, high concentrated levels of EGCG are required to inhibit COVID-19, according to a study in Phytomedicine. When consumed orally, EGCG is oxidized before it reaches its target and therefore doesn't provide these high levels. Thus, despite all its health benefits, drinking green tea is currently an ineffective and impractical way to prevent COVID. There is good news, though, as another study shows EGCG can help reduce inflammatory symptoms and be a natural therapeutic for those infected with COVID-19.

Source: healthdigest.com

 

 

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What Is Research and How Many Types of Research | Informativebd

 

Source: studyinsweden.se

What Is Research Means?

Research means studious inquiry or examination especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. 

Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.

Types of Research

Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic. Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. In our life, new problems, events, phenomena, and processes occur every day. Practically, implementable solutions and suggestions are required for tackling new problems that arise. Scientists have to undertake research on them and find their causes, solutions, explanations, and applications.

The research is broadly classified into two main classes: 1. Fundamental or basic research and 2. Applied research. Basic and applied researches are generally of two kinds: normal research and revolutionary research. In any particular field, normal research is performed in accordance with a set of rules, concepts and procedures called a paradigm, which is well accepted by the scientists working in that field. In addition, the basic and applied research can be quantitative or qualitative, or even both (mixed research).

1. Fundamental or Basic research:

Basic research is an investigation of basic principles and reasons for the occurrence of a particular event or process or phenomenon. It is also called theoretical research. The study or investigation of some natural phenomenon or relating to pure science is termed basic research. Basic research sometimes may not lead to immediate use or application. It is not concerned with solving any practical problems of immediate interest. But it is original or basic in character. It provides a systematic and deep insight into a problem and facilitates the extraction of scientific and logical explanations and conclusion on it. It helps build new frontiers of knowledge. The outcomes of basic research form the basis for much-applied research.

Basic research

• Seeks generalization
• Aims at basic processes
• Attempts to explain why things happen
• Tries to get all the facts
• Reports in the technical language of the topic

2. Applied research:

In applied research, one solves certain problems by employing well-known and accepted theories and principles. Most of the experimental research, case studies, and interdisciplinary research are essentially applied research. Applied research is helpful for basic research. Research, the outcome of which has immediate application is also termed applied research. Such research is of practical use to current activity.

Applied research

• Studies individual or specific cases without the objective to generalize
• Aims at any variable which makes the desired difference
• Tries to say how things can be changed
• Tries to correct the facts which are problematic
• Reports in common language

Basic and applied research is further divided into three types of research bearing some characteristics feature as follows:

Quantitative research

• It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematics, and uses numbers.
• It is an iterative process whereby evidence is evaluated.
• The results are often presented in tables and graphs.
• It is conclusive.
• It investigates the what, where, and when of decision-making.

Qualitative research

• It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies to reason, and uses words.
• Its aim is to get the meaning, and feeling and describe the situation.
• Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
• It is exploratory.
• It investigates the why and how of decision-making.

Mixed research

Mixed research- research that involves the mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods or paradigm characteristics. The nature of data is a mixture of variables, words, and images.

Other types of research

Exploratory Research

Exploratory research might involve a literature search or conducting focus group interviews. The exploration of new phenomena in this way may help the researcher’s need for better understanding, may test the feasibility of a more extensive study, or determine the best methods to be used in a subsequent study. For these reasons, exploratory research is broad in focus and rarely provides definite answers to specific research issues.

The objective of exploratory research is to identify key issues and key variables.

Descriptive research

The descriptive research is directed toward studying “what” and how many of this “what”. Thus, it is directed toward answering questions such as, “What is this?”.

Explanatory research

• Its primary goal is to understand or explain relationships.
• It uses correlations to study relationships between dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events.
• Explanatory research explains (How the parts of a phenomenon are related to each other).
• Explanatory research asks the “Why” question.

Longitudinal Research
Research carried out longitudinally involves data collection at multiple points in time. Longitudinal studies may take the form of:

• Trend study- looks at population characteristics over time, e.g. organizational absenteeism rates during the course of a year
• Cohort study- traces a sub-population over time, e.g. absenteeism rates for the sales department;
• Panel study- traces the same sample over time, e.g. graduate career tracks over the period 1990 – 2000 for the same starting cohort.

While longitudinal studies will often be more time-consuming and expensive than cross-sectional studies, they are more likely to identify causal relationships between variables.

Cross-sectional Research

One-shot or cross-sectional studies are those in which data is gathered once, during a period of days, weeks or months. Many cross-sectional studies are exploratory or descriptive in purpose. They are designed to look at how things are now, without any sense of whether there is a history or trend at work.

Action research

• Fact findings to improve the quality of action in the social world

Policy-Oriented Research

• Reports employing this type of research focus on the question ‘How can problem ‘X’ be solved or prevented ?’

Classification research
It aims at categorizing units into groups

• To demonstrate differences
• To explain relationships

Comparative research

• To identify similarities and differences between units at all levels

Causal research

• It aims at establishing cause and effect relationship among variable

Theory-testing research

• It aims at testing the validity of a unit

Theory-building research

• To establish and formulate the theory

Last, of all, it is needless to say that scientific research helps us in many ways:

• A research problem refers to a difficulty that a researcher or a scientific community or an industry or a government organization or a society experiences. It may be a theoretical or a practical situation. It calls for a thorough understanding and possible solutions.

• Research provides the basis for many government policies. For example, research on the needs and desires of the people and on the availability of revenues to meet the needs helps a government to prepare a budget.

• It is the fountain of knowledge and provides guidelines for solving problems.

• Only through research inventions can be made; for example, new and novel phenomena and processes such as superconductivity and cloning have been discovered only through research.

• It is important in industry and business for higher gain and productivity and to improve the quality of products.

• Research leads to a new style of life and makes it delightful and glorious.

• It leads to the identification and characterization of new materials, new living things, new stars, etc.

• Mathematical and logical research on business and industry optimizes their problems in them.

• Social research helps find answers to social problems. They explain social phenomena and seek solutions to social problems.

Source: INNSpub Journals

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FIFA World Cup 2022- Probably The last world cup for the legend Leonel Messi.

Leonel Messi

 Argentina superstar Lionel Messi said in a conversation with Sebastián Vignolo that the 2022 Qatar World Cup will be his last.

 

“This will be my last World Cup — for sure. The decision has been made,” Messi said in the conversation.

 Messi confessed that he is looking forward to the World Cup and battling it out for the trophy he so desires: "I am counting the days until the World Cup, the truth is yes, there is a bit of anxiety because we can't wait to play. On the other hand, there is a certain tension ahead of the tournament".

“We’re at a very good moment, with a very strong group, but anything can happen at a World Cup,” he explained. “All the matches are difficult, that is what makes a World Cup so special because the favorites are not always the ones who end up winning or even doing as well as you expect.

The last international competition Messi won was Copa America last year when they defeated Brazil in the final. The World Cup, however, is a different beast altogether, with Messi having gotten to the final in the 2014 edition but losing out to Germany.

Sources: Internet, Marca, The Indian Express

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Alfred Nobel’s- The Founder of the Nobel Prize

Source: wikipedia.org

Born of Alfred Nobel

On October 21, 1833 a baby boy was born to a family in Stockholm, Sweden who was to become a famous scientist, inventor, businessman and founder of the Nobel Prizes. His father was Immanuel Nobel and his mother was Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. They named their son Alfred.

Alfred’s father was an engineer and inventor. He built bridges and buildings and experimented with different ways of blasting rocks.

The same year that Alfred was born, his father’s business suffered losses and had to be closed. In 1837, Immanuel Nobel decided to try his business somewhere else and left for Finland and Russia. Alfred’s mother was left in Stockholm to take care of the family. At this time, Alfred had two older brothers, Robert born in 1829, and Ludvig born in 1831.

Alfred’s mother, born Andriette Ahlsell, came from a wealthy family. Due to misfortunes in his construction work caused by the loss of some barges of building material, Immanuel Nobel was forced into bankruptcy the same year Alfred Nobel was born.

In 1837 Immanuel Nobel left Stockholm and his family to start a new career in Finland and in Russia. To support the family, Andriette Nobel started a grocery store which provided a modest income. Meanwhile Immanuel Nobel was successful in his new enterprise in St. Petersburg, Russia. He started a mechanical workshop which provided equipment for the Russian army and he also convinced the Tsar and his generals that naval mines could be used to block enemy naval ships from threatening the city.

Alfred Novel Education

In St. Petersburg, the Nobel family enjoyed a living standard far higher than they had experienced in Stockholm. But theirs was not a life of luxury. The Nobels lived in a single-story wooden house that gave an impression of bourgeois comfort.

The family invested in the education of the boys. All instruction was provided by private tutors in their home. Today this may seem peculiar and be viewed as a sign of high-bourgeois status, but this was not the case in St. Petersburg at that time. The Nobel brothers had a Swedish tutor – Lars Santesson, Master of Arts – who taught them Swedish language and history, but also provided them with a broad knowledge, including world literature and philosophy. They also had a skilled Russian teacher, Ivan Peterov who among other subjects taught them the fundamentals of mathematics, physics and chemistry.

They learned five languages fluently – aside from their native Swedish they also spoke Russian, English, French, and German. Robert and Ludvig became engineers, while Alfred studied chemistry. His chemistry teachers were Professors Nikolai N. Zinin and Yuli Trapp. Professor Zinin later drew Alfred and Immanuel’s attention to nitroglycerine.

The establishment of the Nobel Prize

Source: Wikipedia

In this excerpt of the will, Alfred Nobel dictates that his entire remaining estate should be used to endow “prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”

“All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality, but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.”

Summaries 

Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on 21 October 1833. His family was descended from Olof Rudbeck, the best-known technical genius in Sweden in the 17th century, an era in which Sweden was a great power in northern Europe. Nobel was fluent in several languages and wrote poetry and drama. Nobel was also very interested in social and peace-related issues,and held views that were considered radical during his time. Alfred Nobel’s interests are reflected in the prize he established. Learn more about his life and his interests – science, inventions, entrepreneurship, literature and peace work.

Reference: Wikipedia.org, Nobelprize.org

 

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Double Century in T20 cricket 205 (77)! An unbelievable Innings by Rahkeem Cornwall!

Rahkeem Coenwall

In modern cricket nothing is impossible. And of course, the T20 cricket or shorter version of cricket will dominate the cricket events. It's already taken the major place in cricket events all over the world. The cricketer and the cricket lovers also prefer to enjoy the T20 game rather than the Test or ODI game. And the reason behind this is the unreal innings played by the cricket from different countries. 

Rahkeem Cornwall has unleashed during an American T20 competition, scoring an incredible 205 not out from just 77 balls.

While the competition won't be included in any official records given its status, Cornwall belted 22 sixes and 17 fours during the innings on his way to a strike rate that finished at 266.23. 

The Atlanta Open T20 League is being played in Atlanta, USA. In this league, the Atlanta Fire and Square Drive team was played on Wednesday. Rahkeem Cornwall scored a double century while playing for Atlanta Fire. Coming to open the batting, Cornwall played an innings of 205 runs in 77 balls. His innings included 17 fours and 22 sixes. He completed a double century by hitting a six off the last ball of the innings. Earlier, he had completed a century in 43 balls.

Batting first, Atlanta Fire scored 326 for one in 20 overs. Apart from Rahkeem Conwal, Steven Taylor played an innings of 53 runs in 18 balls with the help of 5 sixes and 5 fours. At the same time, Sami Aslam, who came out to bat at number three, scored 53 runs in 29 balls. In reply, the team of Square Drive could only manage 154 runs for 8 wickets in 20 overs. Yashwant Balaji scored 38 and Varun Sai Mantha scored 36 runs.

Sources: Internet, Hindustan News, Lastly, Zero Wicket, and other relevant Sources.

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