Unraveling the Genetics of Primary Congenital Glaucoma | InformativeBD

Muhammad Umer Khan, Wajeeha Tabassum,  Musbihul Qayyum Zia,  Raima Rehman,  Atif Amin Baig,  Sajjad Ahmed Khan and Rizwan Ahmed Kiani, from the  different institute of Pakistan and Malaysia . wrote a Resview article about, Unraveling the Genetics of Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Entitled, Genetics of primary congenital glaucoma. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) is a major risk factor for vision loss in children, which is manifested from birth to three years of age. In PCG the ocular developmental defects of the trabecular meshwork (TM) and front chamber position of eye lead to the blockage of aqueous loss and consequently an increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This results in photophobia, corneal clouding, optic nerve damage, and ultimately permanent loss of vision occurs. The incidence of PCG varies geographically. In Eastern culture, consanguineous marriages may play a role in a higher rate of PCG. Four loci of GLC3A, GLC3B, GLC3C, and 14q24.2-q24.3 to be linked to this ocular condition have been identified. Currently, mutations in two genes i.e.CYP1B1 at GLC3A locus, which encodes cytochrome P4501B1, and LTBP2 at GLC3D locus, which encodes LTBP2is known to cause PCG.CYP1B1 comprises of 3 exons encoding a 543 amino acid protein. CYPIBI is a gene that belongs to the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyse many reactions involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, other lipids, and drug metabolism. A lot of mutations have been reported in CYP1B1, which results in the form of PCG.

Read more : Coastal Livelihoods and Resource Use: Community Perspectives from San Jose, Gonzaga | InformativeBD

Introduction

Worldwide, glaucoma is the 2nd leading cause of blindness if it’s left untreated (Hazin et al. 2009). Glaucoma is a collection of optic neuropathies(Quigley et al. 2006). The mark of glaucoma is the hourglass pattern of optic nerve atrophy combined with preferential loss of the more giant ganglion cells of the retina(Schlamp et al. 2006). Anomalies in the conformation or structure of iridocorneal angle may limit the outflow of aqueous humour and make a rise in IOP, which is a primary cause for developing glaucoma (Lewis et al. 2017).

It is currently considered that a variety of etiological factors, acting individually or in a multifactorial fashion, are capable of triggering pathogenetic cascades leading to these lesions. Almost in all types of glaucoma, the drainage system of the eyes becomes blocked, so the intraocular fluid can’t drain. As fluids accumulate, it makes the pressure inside the eye. High pressure in the eye harms the sensitive part of the optic nerve and affects the vision loss.

The syndrome is classified based on analysis, the structure of the front chamber, and the age of onset. Classification of primary forms of glaucoma is done based onthe structure of front chamber as Primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG), primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG) Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), (Firasat 2008). POAG was positioned at GLC1A on chromosome 1. MYOC is present at GLC1A, which encodes myocilin protein. Disease linked changes of myocilin generally arise in the infantile or adult form of POAG by increasing level of Intraocular pressure (IOP). In people of adults with POAG, the existence of myocilin alters from 3%-5% (Kwon et al. 2009). In Western populations, Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common and possibly other communities (Ali et al. 2009, Olawoye et al. 2013).

In PACG, several genes are involved, like myocilin (Rose et al. 2007) optineurin (Shastry 2013) and tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) repeat domain 36 (GLC1G)(Monemi et al. 2005)are linked with the autosomal dominant trait. Only 10% of glaucoma is caused by this type(Mandal et al. 2006).PACG is responsible for the most bilateral glaucoma-induced blindness in Singapore, China, and India (Cyrlin 2014, Suri et al. 2015).

Primary congenital glaucoma(PCG) occurs before 3 years of age without any structural defect of the eye(Abu-Amero et al. 2017). PCG is an autosomal recessive disorder with onset at newborn or early juvenile age.

It is affected by developing deficiencies in the trabecular meshwork, and the front cavity angle results in the blockage of aqueous drainage and leads to raised intraocular pressure (Kaur et al. 2011). A comparison of a normal eye and glaucoma eye has been shown in Fig.1(2019).

The covering of the juvenile eye is flexible; it stretches in response to the elevated intraocular pressure that results in an enlarged globe (Chan et al. 2015). Primary Congenital Glaucoma is bilateral in 70 % of patients (Mcculley 2015).

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Article source : Genetics of primary congenital glaucoma  

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Coastal Livelihoods and Resource Use: Community Perspectives from San Jose, Gonzaga | InformativeBD

Gerlie B. Hardy, from the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Coastal Livelihoods and Resource Use: Community Perspectives from San Jose, Gonzaga. entitled, Socio-economic component, coastal resource use and perception, and participation of the coastal communities/fishing households in San Jose, Gonzaga, Cagayan. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The study generally identified and analyzed the socio-economic status, coastal resource use, and perception and community participation of coastal communities of the community of San Jose in Gonzaga, Cagayan. The research conducted interviews based on questionnaires and used a descriptive survey as the research design. Thirty-seven respondents were interviewed and most of them are members of San Jose Fisher folk Association. It revealed that most have low levels of education, with fishing as the main source of income for the residents. This dominance of fishing is a major economic factor contributing to the income of the community. The fishing activities are not only limited to marine waters but also to estuary areas where mangroves thrive. Meanwhile, due to climate change and resource-dependent communities, today, benefits derived from coastal environments are limited since there were some changes observed in fishing ground location, the volume of catch, size of fish, coral reef, mangroves, and beaches. Generally, it implies that a full understanding of socio-economic characteristics, coastal resource use, and perception of the coastal community of Barangay San Jose play important roles in the coastal resource restoration and management plans. Also, these help to understand the underlying causes of degradation and interventions needed in the community.

Read more : Bee Efficiency in Action: Chalicodoma cincta Pollination of Pigeon Pea in Chad | InformativeBD 

Introduction 

Mangrove forest is considered a highly productive ecosystem that offers important economic and ecological goods and services (Zakaria and Rajpar, 2015). It is a natural barrier to reduce the devastating impact of natural disasters such as tsunamis, typhoons, and storm surges. Also, it provides breeding and nursing grounds for marine and pelagic species and helps stabilize shorelines. Other ecological benefits are providing medicine, food, building materials for local communities, and fuel. In the country, the current estimates of mangrove forest are less than half of what it once was and this remaining is in a degraded condition. These forests are the least concerned and often over-utilized by human communities (Haritha et al., 2017) and the continued decline of the forest is caused by conversion to aquaculture, agriculture, tourism, urban development, and deforestation. Mangrove forest has been declining at a faster rate as compared to coral reefs and inland tropical forests.

In Cagayan, there are 3,967.9 hectares of mangrove area which are distributed throughout the municipalities of Aparri, Calayan, Abulug, Buguey, Gonzaga, Claveria, Sta. Ana, Pamplona, Santa Teresita, and Sanchez Mira (EQ. Pasion; BT. Tumaliuan, 2015). Mangrove area harbors at least 14 species of true mangrove and this is 35% of the country’s mangrove plant species. Particularly, in Gonzaga, the status of the mangrove forest is poor with an average of 25% living mangrove. Most of the areas manifested heavy erosion, severe cutting, and siltation particularly observed in Barangays San Jose and Caroan, where the largest tracts of mangrove forest in the municipality are located (Pasion and Tumaliuan, 2015). The degradation of mangrove forests possesses negative consequences on ecology, disaster preparation and control, livelihood, biodiversity, livelihood, and the living condition of people in coastal areas. With this, restoration and conservation of mangrove forests in these coastal communities are essential. According to Lewis (2009), successful mangrove forest restoration requires careful analyses of a number of factors in advance of attempting actual restoration. A wide variety of restoration techniques have been developed; however, the most critical point is to fit restoration efforts with the local biological and physical settings, selecting the right location and the right species (Lavieren et al., 2012). The ecological aspects of mangrove restoration must also be coupled with considering the local community that has specific socio-economic conditions. A full understanding of the socio-economic status of the community can help the goal of restoration and can guide the management plans of the study. Interviews with local people may help to understand what are the underlying causes of degradation-even to researchers from exact sciences these socio-economic surveys are very important, as they are the only source of retrospective information. The study identified and analyzed the socio-economic status and ecological status of coastal communities of Barangay San Jose in Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines, and their dependency on the floral and faunal resources of water. This baseline and ecological information are a basic and prerequisite tool that can be incorporated into a resource management context by recommending interventions that address the underlying factors behind coastal resource degradation.

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Eaton E, Burton H, Steer MD, Belle EMS. 2009. “A Socio-economic study of mangrove perceptions and Management in the bay of Antsiranana: Ambalisakely, Abalibabe, Andohazompona, Ampasirikely and Antsisikala,” Frontier Madagascar Environmental Research Report Society for Environmental Exploration, UK.

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Article source : Socio-economic component, coastal resource use and perception, and participation of thecoastal communities/fishing households in San Jose, Gonzaga, Cagayan

 

 

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Bee Efficiency in Action: Chalicodoma cincta Pollination of Pigeon Pea in Chad | InformativeBD

Clautin Ningatoloum,  Guiguindibaye Madjimbe,  Sidonie Fameni Tope, and Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, from the institute of Cameroon. wrote a Research article about, Bee Efficiency in Action: Chalicodoma cincta Pollination of Pigeon Pea in Chad. Entitled, Pollination efficiency of Chalicodoma cincta (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) flowers at Doyaba (Sarh, Chad). This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and EnvironmentalSciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

To evaluate Chalicodoma cincta impact on pod and seed yields of Cajanus cajan, its foraging and pollinating activities were studied in Doyaba, during the rainy season of 2015 and 2016. Each year, treatments included flowers accessible to all visitors, bagged flowers to avoid insect visitors, bagged  flowers using gauze bags destined to be visited exclusively by C. cincta and bagged flowers destined to opening and closing without the visit of insects or any other organism. For each year of study, observations were made on 1028 ± 90 flowers per treatment. Chalicodoma cincta daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behaviour on flowers and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. On flowers, individual bees intensely harvested exclusively nectar. The fruiting rate, the number of seeds per pod and the percentage of normal seeds of unprotected flowers were significantly higher than those of flowers protected from insects. Through its pollination efficiency, C. cincta provoked a significant increment of the fruiting rate by 21.40% and 7.55%, the number of seeds per pod by 16.69% and 14.96% and the percentage of normal seeds by 32.95% in 2015 and 36.30% in 2016 respectively. The Conservation of C. cincta nests close to C. cajan fields is recommended to improve pod and seed productions in the region.

Read more : Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Putranjiva roxburghi | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Several plant species depend on insect pollinators for their reproduction; in agro ecosystems, these pollinators have a great ecological and economic importance because they influence positively the plant production (McGregor, 1976; Philippe, 1991; Tchuenguem, 2005). Cajanus cajan is an ideal pulse crop of rainfed tropics and subtropics (Saxena et al., 2002). Its grows up right to 4 m (Niyonkuru, 2002).

The leaves are generally trifoliate; flower is pink, but can vary from white to red (ICRISAT, 1981) and produces nectar and pollen which attract insects (Grewal et al., 1990; Saxena et al., 1990; Reddy et al., 2004; Sarah et al., 2010).

Indian is the largest producers of pigeon pea in the world (Kimani, 2000). The fruit is a pod containing four raw of seven seeds (Pando et al., 2011b). Seeds contain 21 to 30% proteins important for human’s diets (Sharma and Green, 1980; Gupta et al., 2001; Saxena et al., 2002). Cajanus cajan flowers were reported to produce fewer seeds per pod in the absence o f insect pollinators in Great Britain (Kendall and Smith, 1976) and in Cameroon (Pando et al., 2011b).

The research conducted in the United Stated of America (Grewal et al., 1990; Ibarra-Perez et al., 1999) and in Cameroon (Pando, 2012; Mazi, 2015) has revealed that bees of the genus Chalicodoma and Megachile visits C. cajan flowers and collect nectar and pollen. In Chad, the quantity of Ca. cajan available to consumers is very low, the demand for pigeon pea seeds is high, and its pod and seed yields are weak because notably of the insufficiency of knowledge on its relationships with anthophilous insects in general and C. cincta in particular. Therefore, it is important to investigate how the production of this plant could be increased in Chad. Prior to these studies, no previous research has been reported on the interactions between Ca. cajan and insects in Chad. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the relationships between C. cajan and C. cincta, for their optimal management in this country. Specific objectives are to: (a) study the activity of this Megachilidae on C. cajan flowers, (b) evaluate the impact of flowering insects including Ch. cincta on pollination and fruit and seed yields of this Fabaceae, (c) estimate the pollination efficiency of C. cincta on this plant species.

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Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Tamesse JL. 2011a. Foraging and pollination behaviour of Xylocopa calens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Phaseolus coccineus L. (Fabaceae) flowers at Yaoundé (Cameroon). Journal of Entomological Research 41, 185– 193.

Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Tamesse JL. 2011b. Pollination and yield responses of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) to the foraging activity of Chalicodoma cincta cincta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 11, 1346– 1357.

Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Tamesse JL. 2013. Activité de butinage et de pollinisation de Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius 1787 (Hymenoptera : Apidae) sur les fleurs de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 1843 (Fabaceae) à Yaoundé-Cameroun. Entomologie faunistique 66, 47– 59.

Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Djonwangwé D, Tamesse JL. 2014. The importance of single floral visit of Chalicodoma rufipes L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the pollination and yield of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 1843 (Fabaceae) in Cameroon. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 4, 179– 187.

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Tchuenguem FFN. 2005. Activité de butinage et de pollinisation d’Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae) sur les fleurs de trois plantes à Ngaoundéré (Cameroun): Callistemon rigidus (Myrtaceae), Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum (Myrtaceae) et Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae). Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, Université de Yaoundé I, 103.

Tchuenguem FFN, Messi J, Brückner D, Bouba B, Mbofung G, Hentchoya HJ. 2004. Foraging and pollination behaviour of the African honey bee (Apis mellifera adansonii) on Callistemon rigidus flowers at Ngaoundéré (Cameroon). Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 4, 133– 140.

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Article source : Pollination efficiency of Chalicodoma cincta (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) flowers at Doyaba (Sarh, Chad)  

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Fruit Peel Power: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Putranjiva roxburghi | InformativeBD

Md. Mahmudul Hasan,  Most. Sayla Tasmin,  Md Abu Reza, and Ariful Haque, from the institute of Bangladesh. wrote a Research article about, Fruit Peel Power: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Putranjiva roxburghi. Entitled, Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. fruit peel. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences| IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae) has long been used in folk treatment. Considering this folkloric background, this study was designed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of P. roxburghii fruit peel (PRFP) enthanolic (95%) extract. Antioxidant activity was checked based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity. Antibacterial aptitude of PRFP was assessed using disc diffusion assay against two bacterial strains Bacillus subtelis and Enterobacter xiangfangensis. Disc diffusion assay was performed with three different PRFP doses (250, 500, and 1000 µg/disc). PRFP showed excellent antioxidant activity with 17.3 µg/mL IC50 (concentration that scavenged 50% DPPH radical) value. In antibacterial test, PRFP inhibited growth both of B. subtelis and E. xiangfangensis by revealing inhibition zone in dose-dependent fashion. Overall, PRFP is a rich source of pharmaceutical agents in terms of antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Read more : Mining and Health:Community Views from Claver, Surigao del Norte | InformativeBD

Introduction

Several factors such as environmental pollutants, radiation, chemicals, and toxins stimulate physiological and biochemical processes in cells of living organism and lead to generate free radicals. This generates an imbalance in the formation and neutralization of prooxidants that subsequently seek steadiness through electron pairing with biological macromolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins leading to oxidative stress in the physiological system (Al-Abd et al., 2015; Hasan et al., 2018; Joty et al., 2019). These adverse conditions cause lipid peroxidation as well as protein or DNA damage or both in human body cells. Subsequently, cellular damage provokes aging and several chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer as well as inflammatory, cardiovascular, and other degenerative diseases in humans (Al-Abd et al., 2015). However, antioxidant compounds from plant origin have the ability to halt these free radicals. The plant derived antioxidants have been reported to be composed of phenolic (such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tocopherols) and nitrogen compounds (amines, amino acids, chlorophyll derivatives, and alkaloids) as well as ascorbic acid and carotenoids (Velioglu et al., 1998). These natural antioxidants are being used in traditional medicine because of minimal side effects as well as carcinogenicity of the synthetic antioxidants (Al-Abd et al., 2015, Al-Rifai et al., 2017).

Plants are one of the most promising sources of valuable medicinal agents in traditional medicine practices from the very beginning of human civilization worldwide. Moreover, medicinal plants are rich source of antimicrobial agents. The rising resistance of bacteria to antibiotics poses a considerable challenge when fighting against infectious diseases caused by bacteria (Raza et al., 2012; Bandara et al., 2018). Therefore, utilization of plant extracts and their isolated compounds as efficient agents against microorganisms has been increased (Hassine et al., 2014). Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae) is widely grown in Bangladesh, India, Indochina, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand (Hasan et al., 2019). It is locally known as “Putranjiv” in Bangladesh. The seed of this plant is a good source of a trypsin inhibitor (Chaudhary et al., 2008), and a thermostable glycosyl hydrolase family 1 enzyme with β-D-glucosidase and β-D-galactosidase activities (Patel et al., 2012). The leaves of this plant have been reported to be spread over the floor of maternity room for an easy delivery (Singh and Bisht, 1999). This plant has long been traditionally used for the treatment of arthralgia, fever, muscle pain, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, and inflammation (Boonyaprapat and Chokechaicharoenporn, 1999; Phuphathanaphong, 2006; Reanmongkol et al., 2009). Moreover, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study of fruit peel of this plant demonstrated that a total of 25 compounds are present having a wide range of bioactivity including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-noceptive, anti-convulsant, anti-depressive, antitrypanosomal, anti-fungal, anti-viral analgesic, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, anthelmintic, wound healing, mosquito repellent, trypanocidal sedative, hypocholesterolemic, insecticide, insectifuge, chemo-preventive, pesticidal, and cytotoxic (Hasan et al., 2019).

Hence, considering the information mentioned above, this study was designed to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activity of P. roxburghii fruit peel extract (PRFP).

Reference

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Al-Rifai A, Aqel A, Al-Warhi T, Wabaidur SM, Al-Othman ZA, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY. 2017. Antibacterial, antioxidant activity of ethanolic plant extracts of some Convolvulus species and their DART-ToF-MS profiling. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5694305

Bandara KR, Padumadasa C, Peiris DC. 2018. Potent antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic activities of extracts from Passiflora suberosa L. leaves. PeerJ 6, e4804. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4804

Boonyaprapat N, Chokechaicharoenporn A. 1999. Samunprai Maipuenban. Prachachon, Bangkok 3, 262-273.

Chaudhary NS, Shee C, Islam A, Ahmad F, Yernool D, Kumar P, Sharma AK. 2008. Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from Putranjiva roxburghii seeds. Phytochemistry 69(11), 2120-2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.002

Hasan MM, Hasan R, Al Mahmud MR, Islam MG. 2018. Protective effect of Citrus macroptera fruit pulp juice rendering Nrf2-pathway against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 8(12), 67-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.81209

Hasan MM, Mahmud MRA, Islam MG. 2019. GC-MS Analysis of Bio-active Compounds in Ethanol Extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Fruit Peel. Pharmacognosy Journal 11(1), 146-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.1.24

Hassine M, Zardi-Berguaoui A, Znati M, Flamini G, Ben Jannet H, Hamza MA. 2014. Chemical composition, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from the flowers of Tunisian Convolvulus althaeoides L. Natural Product Research 28(11), 769-775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2013.879476

Joty FA, Hasan MM, Khatun R, Billah MM, Miah MM, Mahmud S, Reza MA, Ferdousi Z. 2019. Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of three plant species from Morus genus. International Journal of Bioscience 14(2), 183-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/14.2.183-189

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Patel GK, Kar B, Sharma AK. 2012. Characterization of a thermostable family 1 Glycosyl Hydrolase enzyme from Putranjiva roxburghii seeds. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 166(3), 523-535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9445-2

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Singh H, Bisht GS. 1999. Some novel folk treatments among the Tribes of Uttar Pradesh. Ancient Science of Life 18(3-4), 250-253.

Velioglu Y, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah B. 1998. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(10), 4113-4117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9801973

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Article source : Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. fruit peel 

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Mining and Health: Community Views from Claver, Surigao del Norte | InformativeBD

Sunshine Rose N. Dave, Jessel A. Basadre, Edly Nouvee M. Lastra, Ian S. Umpil, and Mauricio S. Adlaon, from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Mining and Health: Community Views from Claver, Surigao del Norte. Entitled, Exploring community perspective on mining activities and respiratory health in Claver Surigao Del Norte, Philippines. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The municipality of Claver is essentially a mining reservation due to it’s richness in mineral resources. The process of removing valuable earthly minerals and other materials is known as mining. This is viewed as one of the primary economic endeavors that propel economies across the globe and it is being considered by economic planners as a key industry for economic advancement in the Philippines nowadays. However, in any case, mining has been associated with health problems caused by environmental exposure to mine squander, particularly in countries where minerals extraction is made. The study used the qualitative approach to examine community perspectives, experiences towards the positive and negative effects of mining activities to the host and neighboring communities. The participants consisting of 34 were instructed to use an open-ended, semi-structured interview guide to respond to the questions. The results of the interview were transcribed, translated from Sinurigaonon dialect into English language. Moreover, data gathered was carefully examined using thematic coding analysis. It is apparent that the contribution of mining industry to economic development cannot be denied, but its source of environmental pollution and health impact were also recognized wherein there is significant evidence that mining has an adverse short-term effect on the respiratory health of the inhabitant living proximity to the mining site. And as to the significant role of SDMP implemented by mining companies were significantly addressed to the affected community to minimize the negative externalities impacted by the mining activities. By reason of, mining can play a major part in ethical and economic improvement in such ways they can coordinate their objectives with societal values in order to cultivate the financial extension and improvement of the affected areas.

Read more : Gmelina arborea: AVersatile Tree for Agroforestry and Medicine | InformativeBD 

Introduction

The process of removing valuable earthly minerals and other materials is known as mining. This is viewed as one of the primary economic endeavors that propel economies across the globe (Abraham, 2015). It is being considered by economic planners as a key industry for economic advancement in the Philippines today (De Alban et al., 2004). Suggesting the foreseeable progression in innovation and innovative items, the requests for minerals resources are expanding and thus the require for mining exercises to meet these requests (Abraham, 2015). Historically, in any case, mining has been linked to health issues due to environmental exposure to waste from mines, especially in developing nations (De Cássia Canedo Oliveira Borges et al., 2016). In mining locales, inquire almost on the determinants of respiratory prosperity overwhelmingly centers on exposures to open discuss examine toxins deriving from mining operations (Dietler et al., 2021). Introduction to tidy can be short-term or long-term and can cause respiratory wellbeing issues extending from intense to persistent (Mamuya et al., 2007; Nelson, 2013; Nkrumah and Yaw, 2005).

From the point of view by Litvinenko (2020), the mining sector contributes significantly to the nation's economy and is crucial to its growth economically (Firozjaei et al., 2021). Meanwhile, due to its riches in minerals, the town of Claver is essentially a mining reservation (Claver, Surigao Del Norte Philippines, n.d.). These have played a substantial role in the development of the community of Clavernons, specifically the people in the host mining community. On the other hand, like all businesses, mining has both benefits and dangers for the individuals occupying in communities where minerals are found. The residential proximity to the mining sites may brought public health challenges, much especially to those people who are vulnerable to any outdoor air pollutants of mining operations may produce.

Despite extensive research using quantitative approach related to mining impact and human health, there is significantly the absence of qualitative research exploring the opinions of locals, or communities about the health effects of mining, more specifically, among the mining communities closest to the vicinity of the mining site. Therefore, this study was conducted to examines community perspectives on the relationship between mining activities and respiratory well -being, and the role of Social Development and Management Program (SDMP) towards sustainable mining practices, thus requires into account the health concerns of the surrounding communities, focusing special regard to vulnerable populations like children, elderly, expectant mothers, and rural inhabitants living therein, Claver Surigao Del Norte, Philippines.

The study aimed to conduct a qualitative survey to examine community perspectives on the relationship between mining and respiratory well-being of the mining communities in Claver, Surigao Del Norte, Philippines.

Reference

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Dietler D, Loss G, Farnham A, De Hoogh K, Fink G, Utzinger J, Winkler MS. 2021. Housing conditions and respiratory health in children in mining communities: An analysis of data from 27 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106591

Himmelsbach GS, Zabré HR, Leuenberger A, Knoblauch AM, Brugger F, Winkler MS. 2023. Exploring the Impact of Mining on Community Health and Health Service Delivery: Perceptions of Key Informants Involved in Gold Mining Communities in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20247167

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Article source : Exploring community perspective on mining activities and respiratory health in Claver Surigao Del Norte, Philippines 

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