Major Cucumber Diseases and Their Pathogens in Azerbaijan | InformativeBD

K. F. Bakhshaliyeva, A. Kh. Rajabli,  A. G. Eyvazov, G. A. Gasimova, and P. Z. Muradov, from the institute of Azerbaijan. wrote a Research article about, Major Cucumber Diseases and Their Pathogens in Azerbaijan. Entitled, The main diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the species composition of pathogens of these diseases. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Cucumis sativus L. plant cultivated in open and covered conditions in the Republic of Azerbaijan, was studied for phytopathogenic fungal biota. It has been determined that a total of 15 fungal species are involved in the formation of the phytopathogenic mycobiota of cucumber plants. Although more than half of the recorded fungi showed phytopathogenic properties in both conditions, overall, covered conditions were more favorable for the development of fungal. The reason for this is that the parameters that are important for plants in covered conditions are favorable for fungi, and these parameters are relatively more stable in covered conditions. The species involved in the formation of the phytopathogenic mycobiota of cucumber plants had a certain specificity in terms of the prevalence of the diseases they caused, the forms of observation, and the effect of the effects. Although some of them cause diseases with the same name and have similar symptoms, it has been determined that each disease also has symptoms that arise from the biological characteristics of the fungus itself.

Read more : African Swine Fever Surveillance in Cagayan Abattoirs, Philippines | InformativeBD 

Introduction 

In modern times, providing people with plant-based food products is one of the important issues that any country plans to solve. The importance of this issue is necessitated by the increasing world population within the fixed territory of the Earth, the increasing burden of anthropogenic impact on the environment the decrease in useful land areas used by people for various purposes, the expansion of urbanization, and other processes. Thus, according to UNO forecasts, the world population is expected to reach 10.3 billion in 2084, which allows us to note a 1.5-fold increase (Choręziak et al., 2025; Australian Government, 2024) in population compared to 2024. This, in turn, will inevitably create additional problems in meeting the growing population's demand for various substances, primarily food. Therefore, conducting research aimed at solving these problems is currently one of the most relevant.

It should be noted that, against the background of the above, meeting people's needs for nutrients, especially those of plant origin with relatively high biological value, is one of the tasks that is in the focus of special attention (Choręziak et al., 2025). Research conducted to address these issues mainly covers two areas. The first direction is that it includes increasing the productivity of plants used for this purpose, eliminating conditions that cause crop losses, implementing cultivation with more efficient technologies, and so on. The second direction involves the creation of new varieties that are productive, disease-resistant, capable of growing under stressful conditions, and have other characteristics. Sometimes these two directions are carried out in a mixed manner.

Regardless of this, the purpose of conducted research in both directions is to improve both the quantity and quality of the products produced.

As in a number of countries around the world, the agricultural sector plays an important role in the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, so cereals, vegetables, melons, fruits, etc. are cultivated throughout the country, and hundreds of thousands of tons of crops are harvested every year (Babayeva et al., 2025). For example, about 50% of the country's 86.6 thousand km2 area is occupied by usable land in which, according to data from 2024, 1,685,734.0 tons of wheat, 22,206.6 tons of legumes, 490,558.2 tons of melons, 1,838,903.3 tons of vegetables, and 1,317,868.2 tons of fruit were grown (State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, 2025). Despite this, the volume of products produced does not fully meet the needs of the country's population even today, and therefore the issue of increasing productivity and reducing crop losses is of greater importance for the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Vegetables are among the plants widely cultivated in the Republic of Azerbaijan, as the cultivation of vegetable plants such as tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, etc. is found in all regions of the country (Huseynov et al., 2020). Sometimes the expected yield cannot be obtained from these plants, and one of the reasons for this is the result of diseases caused by various organisms, primarily fungi (Bakshaliyeva et al., 2023; Muradov et al., 2019). To prevent this, it is important to determine the species composition of these pathogens.

Therefore, the purpose of the presented work is to determine the species composition of diseases and their causative agents observed in cucumber plants cultivated under covered conditions in Azerbaijan.

Reference

Australian Government. 2024. World population prospects 2024. https://population.gov.au/sites/population.gov.au/files/2025-02/2024-un-world-pop-prospects.pdf

Babayeva LO, Jafarova KS, Ismayilova ES. 2025. The agricultural sector as a priority area of azerbaijan’s economic development. Economy and Business: Theory and Practice 4, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.24412/2411-0450-2025-4-37-42

Bakshaliyeva KF, Radjabli AX, Aliyeva GR, Arabova GQ, Muradov PZ. 2023. Characterization of the mycobiota of some cultivated plants in Azerbaijan according to species composition and diseases caused by pathogenic species. Advanced Studies in Biology 15(1), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.12988/asb.2023.91753

Balaji A. 2018. Handbook of plant disease identification and management. CRC Press, 620 p.

Chauhan A, Jindal T. 2020. Microbiological methods for environment, food and pharmaceutical analysis (1st ed.). Springer, 521 p.

Choręziak A, Rosiejka D, Michałowska J, Bogdański P. 2025. Nutritional quality, safety and environmental benefits of alternative protein sources-An overview. Nutrients 17(7), 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071148

Hossain MM, Sultana F, Li W, Tran LP, Mostofa MG. 2023. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: Insights into the pathogenomic features of a global pathogen. Cells 12(7), 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12071063

Hossain MM, Sultana F, Rubayet MT, Khan S, Mostafa M, Mishu NJ, Sabbir MAA, Akter N, Kabir A, Mostofa MG. 2025. White mold: A global threat to crops and key strategies for its sustainable management. Microorganisms 13(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010004

Huseynov HG, Jafarov IG, Vermeer M, Musaev FB. 2020. Vegetable growing in Azerbaijan in modern conditions. Vegetable Crops of Russia 4, 65–68. https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-4-65-68

Lebedev VN, Uraev QA. 2021. Basics of experimental data processing using Excel: A tutorial for students of pedagogical specialties. RQPU, 56p.

Li DW, Magyar D, Kendrick B. 2023. Color atlas of fungal spores: A laboratory identification guide. ACGIH, 862p.

Maheshwari R. 2016. Fungi: Experimental methods in biology (2nd ed.). CRC Press, 358p.

Muradov PZ, Shirinova GF, Asgerli LG. 2019. Species composition of fungi causing diseases in agricultural plants in agrarian sector of Azerbaijan. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11(4), 785–790. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i4.2168

Priyashantha AKH, Dai DQ, Bhat DJ, Stephenson SL, Promputtha I, Kaushik P, Tibpromma S, Karunarathna SC. 2023. Plant–fungi interactions: Where it goes? Biology 12(6), 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060809

Satton D, Fotergill A, Rinaldi M. 2001. Identifier of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. Mir, Moscow, 486p.

State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan. 2025. Official statistics portal. https://www.stat.gov.az/

Article source :  The main diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the species composition of pathogens of these diseases

 

Read More

African Swine Fever Surveillance in Cagayan Abattoirs, Philippines | InformativeBD

Maricel F. Campanano, Dennis M. Oyardo, and Mary Ann M. Santos, from the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, African Swine Fever Surveillance in Cagayan Abattoirs, Philippines. Entitled, Surveillance and detection of the occurrence of African swine fever in abattoirs in the different municipalities of the second district of Cagayan, Philippines. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic and wild pigs, which is responsible for serious economic and production losses. It is caused by a large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family.  The study was conducted to determine positive   cases of African swine fever on pigs from different slaughterhouses in municipalities of second district in Cagayan. A total of 362 blood samples were collected in 6 municipal slaughterhouses. The samples were analyzed in the Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (RADDL). The viral DNA of ASF was extracted from the blood samples using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN) and was identified through the RT-PCR (ASFV p72 gene-based real-time PCR assay). Two municipalities involve in the study resulted positive of African Swine Fever with a total of 60 out of 362 pigs. The municipality with the highest positive case and incidence rate is Sto. Nino with 41 out of 56 pigs are infected (incidence rate is 11.32%) followed by Piat with 19 pigs out of 96 pigs (incidence rate is 5.25%) and the rest no incidence of African Swine-Fever. The result obtained from the study indicates that out of 230 pooled samples (362 pigs), 35 (60 pigs) are showing 15.22% positivity rate and 16.57% incidence. 

Read more : Diversity of African Yam Bean in Yoruba Communities of Benin | InformativeBD 

Introduction

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs with mortality rates approaching 100 per cent. It causes major economic losses, threatens food security and limits pig production in affected countries. ASFV is a large DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family. The virus encodes 150–165 proteins, which have „essential‟ functions in virus replication, as well as „non-essential‟ roles in host interactions, including evasion of host defences; for example, many proteins inhibit the early innate responses, including type I interferon and cell death pathways (Dixon et al., 2019).

African swine fever (ASF) was first identified in East Africa in the early 1900s as a disease causing high mortality in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). It was quickly established that warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) could be a source of infection (Montgomery, 1921) and that this host, along with a species of soft ticks (Ornithodoros spp.) which live in warthog burrows, could be persistently infected with ASF virus (ASFV) without showing signs of disease (Plowright et al., 1994).

ASF has a severe socio-economic impact, both in areas where it is newly introduced and where it is endemic. The high impact is most apparent in countries with a significant commercial pig industry. In Africa, ASF has potentially devastating effects on the commercial and subsistence pig production sectors, but the greatest losses are usually inflicted on the poorer pig producers who are less likely to implement effective prevention and control strategies (Edelsten and Chinombo, 1995) or basic biosecurity. The farmers also often lack financial resources to restart production in the absence of compensation schemes. In countries such as Cote d'Ivoire and Madagascar, the introduction of ASF resulted in the loss of between 30 and 50 per cent of the pig population (El Hicheri et al., 1998; Roger et al., 2001).

Although ASF was first described almost a century ago, controlling the disease has proven to be a challenge, in particular because no vaccine is available. Following introduction to ASFV-free countries, the only control measures available are strict quarantine and biosecurity, animal movement restrictions and slaughtering affected/exposed animals.

Reference

Dixon LK, Escribano JM, Martins C, Rock DL, Salas ML, Wilkinson PJ. 2005. Asfarviridae. Virus Taxonomy: VIIIth Report of the ICTV, Elsevier Academic Press, 135–143.

Dixon LK, Stahl K, Jori F, Vial L, Pfeiffer DU. 2020. African swine fever epidemiology and control. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 8(1), 221–246.

Dixon LK, Sun H, Roberts H. 2019. African swine fever. Antiviral Research 165(1), 34–41.

Edelsten RM, Chinombo DO. 1995. An analysis of the epidemiology of African swine fever in Zimbabwe. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 66(4), 246–251.

El Hicheri K, Gomez Tejedor C, Penrith ML, Davies G, Douati A. 1998. The 1996–1997 African swine fever epidemic in Côte d’Ivoire. Revue Scientifique et Technique (OIE) 17(3), 660–673.

King DP, Reid SM, Hutchings GH, Grierson SS, Wilkinson PJ, Dixon LK, Bastos ADS, Drew TW. 2003. Development of a TaqMan® PCR assay with internal amplification control for the detection of African swine fever virus. Journal of Virological Methods 107(1), 53–61.

Montgomery RE. 1921. On a form of swine fever occurring in British East Africa (Kenya Colony). Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 34, 159–191.

Petrini S, Feliziani F, Casciari C, Giammarioli M, Torresi C, De Mia GM. 2019. Survival of African swine fever virus in various pork products. Italian Journal of Food Safety 8(1), 7835. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2019.7835

Plowright W, Thomson GR, Neser JA. 1994. African swine fever. In Coetzer JAW, Thomson GR and Tustin RC (Eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock (Vol. 1, pp. 567–599). Oxford University Press.

Roger F, Ratovonjato J, Vola P, Uilenberg G. 2001. Ornithodoros porcinus ticks, bushpigs and African swine fever in Madagascar. Experimental and Applied Acarology 25, 263–269.

Taylor RA, Condoleo R, Simons RRL, Gale P, Kelly LA, Snary EL. 2020. The risk of African swine fever virus introduction into disease-free regions via pork products. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67(2), 846–857. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13429

Thomas LF, de Glanville WA, Cook EAJ, Fèvre EM. 2016. The spatial ecology of African swine fever in smallholder pig systems: the role of live pig markets in disease transmission. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 63(5), 476–484. 

Article source : Surveillance and detection of the occurrence of African swine fever in abattoirs in the different municipalities of the second district of Cagayan, Philippines  

Read More

Diversity of African Yam Bean in Yoruba Communities of Benin | InformativeBD

Orobiyi Azize, Faton Manhognon Oscar Euloge, Zongo Élisabeth Aboubié, Sossou Kpèdé Nicodème, Houngbo Marcel, Dossou Pierre Fourier, Ogoudjobi Ladékpo Sylvain, Balogoun Ibouraïman, Dansi Alexandre,  and Lokoyêyinou Laura Estelle,  from the institute of Benin. wrote a Research article about, Diversity of African Yam Bean in Yoruba Communities of Benin. Entitled, Inventory of african yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms) diversity in some Yoruba areas of Benin. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The study aimed to document varietal diversity, uses, production constraints, and farmers’ selection criteria for the African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) in Benin, identify production areas, prioritize constraints, evaluate genetic diversity, determine varietal selection criteria, and gather endogenous knowledge on cultivation practices, use, conservation, and seeds. A participatory ethnobotanical survey involving group investigations and individual surveys was conducted in ten villages in the Yoruba cultural zone of southern Benin (Plateau and Collines departments). Surveys used participatory methodologies, including group discussions with the four-square method for variety distribution, comparison matrix for constraints and preferences, and structured questionnaires for individual data from 21 households. Data included socio-demographics, varietal nomenclature, diversity loss, uses, preferences, and constraints, with statistical analysis of traits frequency entered in Excel. Eleven local varieties were identified, differentiated by seed color (41.7%), cooking time (25.0%), and ritual/symbolic functions (20.8%), with 2-7 varieties per village. Main constraints included pod rot (17.24%), lack of trees for intercropping (17.24%), and market outlets (12.06%). Diversity loss showed high erosion (up to 100% in some villages). Uses were domestic consumption (100%) and rituals (50%). Preferences focused on seed availability (61.9%). Production declined in 81% of producers, with solutions proposed as upright varieties (42.9%) and improved practices (37.1%). Local knowledge is crucial for conservation despite erosion; revitalization requires farmer-led selection, adapted varieties, and institutional support, with biochemical/molecular characterization recommended for true diversity assessment. 

Read more : Aloe Vera-Based Iron Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Seed Germination | InformativeBD

Introduction

Food and nutritional security remain a crucial challenge in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, where population pressure and climatic hazards compromise the availability and accessibility of food resources. One of the strategies proposed to strengthen the resilience of food systems is the promotion of neglected and underutilized crops, which offer significant genetic and nutritional diversity (Nnamani et al., 2019). Among these crops, Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms, known as the African yam bean (AYB), is a tropical legume native to West and East Africa, characterized by its dual use: protein-rich seeds and nutritious tubers (Palanga et al., 2025). Several studies have documented the high nutritional value of AYB, including protein content comparable to other legumes and a favorable composition of essential amino acids (Ojuederie and Balogun, 2017).

Despite its advantages, AYB remains underexploited and marginalized in African farming systems due to low institutional interest, limited cultural acceptability, lack of consolidated agronomic data, and seed-related issues such as long cooking time and antinutritional factors (Edem et al., 2025). This situation keeps AYB among “orphan crops,” i.e., species with high potential but little recognition in agricultural and food policies (Sphenostylis stenocarpa conservation review, 2025). At the genetic and agronomic level, recent investigations have revealed significant diversity among AYB accessions, both phenotypically and molecularly (Shitta et al., 2022). For instance, Shitta et al. (2022) demonstrated considerable phenotypic variability in a large collection of accessions conserved at IITA, suggesting a rich genetic base that could be exploited for breeding programs. However, despite these advances, the understanding of local varietal diversity cultivated by farmers, as well as the associated indigenous knowledge (nomenclature, uses, selection criteria, constraints), remains fragmentary in many rural African areas, including Benin. In particular, areas with a strong Yoruba cultural identity, where AYB is traditionally grown, have not yet been comprehensively studied to link local diversity with socio-agricultural dynamics.

In this context, the present study aims to identify the production areas of Sphenostylis stenocarpa in the Yoruba cultural zone of southern Benin; characterize the varietal diversity as perceived by farmers; analyze the local production and conservation constraints; determine farmers’ criteria for varietal selection; and document traditional knowledge related to the cultivation, use, conservation, and seeds of African yam bean.

Reference

AGRIS Database. 2022. African yam bean: Production constraints and adoption challenges. AGRIS FAO.

Baco MN, Vodouhè R, Sinsin B. 2008. The place of orphan legumes in food security: Peasant perception in Northern Benin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 2, 335–346.

Dansi A, Adoukonou-Sagbadja H, Vodouhè R. 2010. Participatory ethnobotanical methods for assessing crop diversity and farmers’ knowledge. Bioversity International.

Dansi A, Vodouhè R, Azokpota P. 2000. Traditional knowledge and genetic diversity of yam (Dioscorea spp.) in Benin. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 121, 1–8.

Defoer T, Kamara A, De Groote H. 1997. Gender and variety selection: Farmers’ assessment of local maize varieties in southern Mali. African Crop Science Journal 5, 65–76.

Edem PA, Udoh EJ, James BD. 2025. Constraints to adoption of African yam bean in West Africa: A review. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 25, 1–15.

Kamara AY, Defoer T, De Groote H. 1996. Farmers’ knowledge and practices in varietal selection and seed systems: A case study in southern Mali. IITA Research Guide 45.

Nnamani CV, Atkinson CJ, Nwite JC. 2019. Neglected and underutilized crops : A potential resource for food security and nutrition. Food Security 11, 1199–1214.

Ojuederie OB, Balogun MO. 2017. Nutritional composition and amino acid profile of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) accessions. Food Science & Nutrition 5, 201–208.

Palanga PE, Adjei-Gyapong T, Amelewor KA, Dzah C, Oteng-Yeboah AA. 2025. Nutritional and agronomic potential of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) in Ghana. Journal of Plant Nutrition 48, 345–358.

PMC Database. 2021. Genetic erosion in underutilized legumes: A systematic review. National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Shitta NS, Akande SR, Ogunsesan AR, Abberton M. 2022. Phenotypic diversity in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) germplasm conserved at IITA. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 69, 1123–1138.

Sphenostylis stenocarpa conservation review. 2025. Orphan crops and genetic resources: Status of African yam bean. Conservation Genetics Resources 17, 123–134. 

Source : Inventory of african yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms) diversity in some Yoruba areas of Benin 

Read More

Aloe Vera-Based Iron Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Seed Germination | InformativeBD

Sundus Hameed Ahmed, Rasha Saatam Hameed, Hassan Thamir, Hashim Kadhum Mohammed, Rana Al- Roomi, and Isam Hussain T. Al-Karkhi, from the institute of Iraq. wrote a Research article about, Aloe Vera-Based Iron Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Seed Germination. Entitled, Production of iron nanoparticle by using Aloe vera gel and studying its effect on Lepidium sativum seed germination. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

To synthesized and characterized green iron nanoparticles extracted from plants. Synthesis of iron bio-nanoparticles was done by using ALoe vera gel water extract as un-reducing agent. Characterization of Iron nanoparticles was performed using UV, XRD, and FTIR. The diameter of iron nanoparticles was about 52 nm.  The effect of the exposure of Aloe vera seeds to iron nanoparticles on germination of Lepidium sativum has been studied. Seeds were exposed to green iron nanoparticles. Germination percentage and root shoot length were calculated. The results showed a reduction in germination percentage on exposure to 1000ppm of green nanoparticles while maximum germination percentage was on application of iron nanoparticles at 500ppm. Root and shoot growth was enhanced under iron nanoparticles application while reduction in root and shoot length was observed on exposure to 1000ppm of nanoparticles and Fe.

Read more : BioELIT Effectiveness Against Melon Fly in Cucumber Cultivation | InformativeBD 

Introduction 

Synthesis Green iron nanoparticles, instead of using chemical reducing agent such as sodium borohydride which is flammable and corrosive (Khenfouch et al., 2016). Now a day’s researcher used extracts of plant part in preparing nano particles (Nyangiwe et al., 2015).

These tiny products also have a large surface area to volume ratio, which is their most important feature responsible for the widespread use of nanomaterials in mechanics, optics, electronics, biotechnology, microbiology, environmental remediation, medicine, numerous engineering fields and material science (Sone et al., 2017). Different protocols have been designed for the production of metallic nanoparticles. Chemical physical, electrical and Biological (Sundus et al., 2013).

The coating is used to stabilize the particles in colloidal form, to prevent them from degradation and to minimize the toxicity. Generally, magnetite and maghemite are the two important forms of iron oxide, which are used as the magnetic materials for biomedical applications (Sundus et al., 2017).

Agglomeration of magnetic nanoparticles is inevitable, because of their Vander Waals attractive forces between the tiny particles. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are chemically stable and non carcinogenic and has high saturation value (92emu/g) compared to the maghemite bulk material.

The production of iron nanomaterials, such as metallic iron and oxide of iron via a more convenient greener route, is a great step forward in the development of nanomaterials. This review highlights the significance of biogenic approaches and the role of biocompatible green materials in technological and economically feasible process and practices (Sundus 2018).

The main objective of the current study is to preparation green iron nano particles by using Aloe vera gel and characterize it by absorption spectrophotometer (UV- VIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (FTIR).

Studying Several indexes during the germination seed of Lepidium sativum such as root length, shoot length, fresh weight and germination ratio. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first reports focused on the effect of Lepidium sativum seeds germinating after exposing to Aloe vera iron nano particles nanoparitcles with different morphologies.

Reference

Bremner JM. 1965. Total nitrogen. In: Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2, ed. C. A. Black, 1149-1178.

Boghossian AA, Sen F, Gibbons BM, Sen S, Faltermeier SM. 2013. Application of nanoparticle antioxidants to enable hyperstable chloroplasts for solar energy harvesting. Advanced Energy Materials, 3, 881-893. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201201014

Bolik M, Koop HU. 1991. Identification ofembryogenic microspores of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) by individual selection and culture and their potential for transformation by microinjection, Protoplasma 162, 61-68.

Buchaman BB, Grussem W, Jones RL. 2000. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant. Courler Companies, Inc., Maryland.

Burklew CE, Ashlock J, Winfrey WB, Zhang B. 2012. Effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on the growth, development and micro RNA expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLOS ONE, 7(5), e34783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034783

Page AL. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Madison, WI: American Society Agronomy.

Donnini S, Castagna A, Guidi L, Zocchi G, Ranieri A. 2003. Leaf responses toreduced iron availability in two tomato genotypes: t3238 fer (iron efficient) and t3238 fer (iron inefficient), Journal of Plant Nutrition. 26, 2137-2148.

Donnini S, Castagna A., Ranieri A, Zocchi G. 2009. Differential responses in pear and quincegenotypes induced by Fe deficiency and bicarbonate. Journal of Plant Physiology 166, 1181-1193.

El-Temsah YS, Joner EJ. 2012. Impact of Fe and Ag nanoparticles on seed germination and differences in bioavailability during exposure in aqueous suspension and soil. Environmental Toxicology 27, 42-49.

Fuku X, Kaviyarasu K, Matinise N, Maaza M. 2016. Punicalagin green functionalized Cu/Cu2O/ZnO/CuO nanocomposite for potential electrochemical transducer and catalyst, Nanoscale Research letters 11(1), 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1581-8

Khenfouch M, Minnis NR, Diallo A, KhamLich S, Hamzah M, Dhlamini M,  Mothudi B, Baitoul M, Srinivasu V, Maaza M. 2016. Artemisia herba-alba Asso eco friendly reduced few-layered graphene oxide nanosheets: structural investigations and physical properties. Green Chemistry Letters Review 9(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2016.1181791

Madison WI, Agron SCM, Cakmak I. 2002. Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Progress in Plant Nutrition: Plenary Lectures of the XIV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, The Netherlands. Caglar KO. 1949. Soil Science. Ankara, Turkey: Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty.

Nyangiwe NN, Khenfouch M, Thema F.T., Nukwa K, Kotsedi L, Maaza M. 2015. Free-green synthesis and dynamics of reduced graphene sheets via sun light irradiation. Graphene 4(3), 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2015.43006

Rasha SH, Rajwa HE, Sundus HA, Al-Karkhi 2018. Study the Effect of Citrus aurantium Leaves Water Extracted Coper Nano Particles on the 3th, 4th Larave and Pupa of Culex pipiens, Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 15(1), 101-106.

Salim Al-T, Sundus HA. 2014. Heavy Metals in Canned, Fresh and Frozen Fish from Local Iraqi Markets, International Journal for Sciences and Technology, 143(1733), 1-10.

Sone B, Diallo A, Fuku X, Gurib-Fakim A, Maaza M. 2017. Biosynthesized CuO nano-platelets: physical properties & enhanced thermal conductivity nanofluidics. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.03.004.

Sundus HA. 2018. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-mutagenic activity of naturally fortified honey with Curcuma longa extract, International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 7(5), 136-142.

Sundus HA, Rajwa HE, Mohammad M. 2017. Evaluation, Antioxidant, Antimitotic and Anticancer Activity of Iron Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Water Extract of Vitis vinifera L. Leaves, Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 8(3), 67-73.

Sundus HA, Shatha S, Farah D, Raad T. 2013. Evaluation of biosynthesis of nanoparticles using medicinal plant extract of its anti oxidant and anti microbial activities, International Journal for Sciences and Technology 143(1731), 1-10.

Article source : Production of iron nanoparticle by using Aloe vera gel and studying its effect on Lepidium sativumseed germination 

Read More

BioELIT Effectiveness Against Melon Fly in Cucumber Cultivation | InformativeBD

Diabate Dohouonan, Kouadio Kouakou Norbert, Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moïse and Tano Yao, from the institute of Côte d'Ivoire. wrote a Research article about, BioELIT Effectiveness Against Melon Fly in Cucumber Cultivation. Entitled, Effectiveness of the insecticide BioELIT on Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cucumber Cucumis sativus (Linné, 1753). This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of cucurbit fruits. It reduces the quality and yield of cucumber despite the use of chemical pesticides harmful to humans and the environment. Thus, this study was conducted in the Tonkpi region to compare the efficacy of the botanical extract BioELIT® to the chemical pesticides K-OPTIMAL 35 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC® commonly used by farmers. Foliar applications of these three insecticides were made from the 35th day after sowing. Only the control plots were not treated. For each treatment and the untreated, 5 replicates were made. Each elementary plot was two meters long and one meter wide. Sampling of Bactrocera cucurbitae adults were made weekly by using pitfall traps and direct observation, starting on the 35th day after planting just before the first foliar applications. From the 45th day after sowing, three visits with an interval of 4 days were made to count fruits attacked by Bactrocera cucurbitae. The results showed that the females of Bactrocera cucurbitae sting the young cucumber fruits, insert eggs and cause the loss of elaborated sap accumulated in the fruit, the malformation of the fruit, the browning then the necrosis of the fruit tissues. The botanical extract BioELIT® showed similar efficacy to the pesticides K-OPTIMAL 35 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC®. These treatments significantly reduced the number of Bactrocera cucurbitae on cucumber. The percentages of reduction of Bactrocera cucurbitae infested on cucumber varied between 12% and 70% during the trial. The number of fruits attacked (F= 27.103; p <0.0001) and the fruit attack rates (F= 73.352; p <0.0001) by Bactrocera cucurbitae were statistically identical in the plots treated with the botanical extract BioELIT® and the pesticides K-OPTIMAL 35 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC®. Thus, the botanical extract BioELIT® can replace chemical pesticides in the control of Bactrocera cucurbitae.

Read more : Health Benefits of Banana (Musa): A Review | InformativeBD

Introduction 

The fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of Cucurbitaceae and solanaceae fruits in the tropics and subtropics (McQuate and Teruya, 2015; Assi et al., 2017; Shahzadi et al., 2019). It reduced both fruits quality and the yield of cucumber. The insects B. cucurbitae cause abundant crop losses (Déclert, 1990; Koyama et al., 2004) and crop losses vary between 30% and 100% despite chemical pesticides application (Dhillon et al., 2005; Shahzadi et al., 2019). In Côte d’Ivoire, farmers use pesticides to protect cucumber Cucumis sativus against B. cucurbitae (Doumbia and Kwadjo, 2009). However, in Côte d’Ivoire, several studies showed that, the recommended application rates were not respected and only 27% of pesticides used by farmers were registered (Doumbia and Kwadjo, 2009). Indeed, these pesticides used by farmers were persistent and accumulate in water, soil and air but also in food (Baglieri et al., 2011; Horváth et al., 2013). Furthermore, during foliar spraying, a proportion of pesticides always reach bacteria, earthworms, insects and soil fungi. Their toxic effects reduce the activity of the essential fauna for maintaining soil fertility.

In order to guarantee food safety for consumers and to preserve the environment, maximum residue limits for pesticides in food and water must be increasingly low. It is therefore important to provide an alternative solution to the use of pesticides by advocating the use of biopesticides. Thus, in Japan, the population of B. cucurbitae has been considerably reduced by the release of sterile insects (Koyama, 1994). In Thailand, parasitoids have been used to the control of B. cucurbitae (Ramadan and Messing, 2003). In Hawaii and Taiwan, the biopesticide Spinosad has been used against B. cucurbitae as an alternative to organophosphate pesticides that are harmful to humans and the environment (Hsu et al., 2012).

In India, various seed and leaf extracts and plant bulbs significantly reduced Bactrocera tau (Walker) egg hatch (Thakur et al., 2012). Thus, this study was conducted in the Tonkpi region to compare the efficacy of the biopesticide BioELIT® with the two chemical pesticides Cypercal 50EC® and KOPTIMAL 35 EC® commonly used by farmers. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of the biopesticide BioELIT® and the two chemical insecticides on the level of infestation and the attack rate of cucumber fruits by B. cucurbitae.

Reference

Ahoussi EK, Keumean NK, Kouassi MA, Koffi BY. 2018. Etude des caractéristiques hydrogéochimiques et microbiologiques des eaux de consommation de la zone périurbaine de la ville de Man: cas du village de Kpangouin (Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 11(6), 3018-3033. DOI: https://dx.doi.org 10.4314/ijbcs.v11i6.37

Assi ANM, Aboua LRN, Obodji A, Kadio EAAB, N’Guessan ENM. 2017. Demographic parameters of Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) pests of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) during the seasons of year in the South of Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Biosciences 10(3), 63-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692 /ijb/10.3.

Baglieri A, Gennari M, Arena M, Abbate C. 2011. The adsorption and degradation of chlorpyriphos-methyl, pendimetalin and metalaxyl in solid urban waste compost. Journal of Environmental Sciences Health Part B 46, 454- 460.

Déclert C. 1990. Manuel de phytopathologies maraîchères. In Cultures de Côte d’Ivoire. Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération. Collections Didactiques. Editions de l’ORSTOM: Paris 98-133.

Dhillon MK, Singh R, Naresh JS, Sharma HC. 2005. The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae: A review of its biology and management. Journal of Insect Sciences 5, 1-16.

Diabaté D, Gnago AJ, Koffi K, Tano Y. 2014a. The effect of pesticides and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and Jatropha curcas L. on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrididae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) found on tomato plants in Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Applied Biosciences 80, 7132-7143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v80i1.14

Diabaté D, Gnago AJ, Tano Y. 2014b. Toxicity, antifeedant and repellent effect of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and Jatropha curcas L. aqueous extracts against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 4(11), 51- 60.

Doumbia M, Kwadjo KE. 2009. Pratiques d’utilisation et de gestion des pesticides par les maraîchers en Côte d’Ivoire: Cas de la ville d’Abidjan et deux de ses banlieues (Dabou et Anyama). Journal of Applied Biosciences 18, 992-1002.

Horváth Z, Ambrus Á, Mészáros L, Braun S. 2013. Characterization of distribution of pesticide residues in crop units. Journal of Environmental Sciences Health Part B 48, 615-625.

Hsu JC, Haymer DS, Chou MY, Feng HT, Chen HH, Huang YB, Mau RFL. 2012. Monitoring resistance to Spinosad in the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) in Hawaï and Taiwan. The Scientific World Journal 1-8.

Koyama J, Kakinohana H, Miyatake T. 2004. Eradication of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, in Japan: Importance of behavior, Ecology, genetics and evolution, 2004. Annual Reviews of Entomology              49, 331-349.

Koyama J. 1994. Overview of the studies of the eradication of the melon flies in Japan. Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology 38, 219-229.

McQuate GT, Teruya T. 2015. Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), Infestation in Host Fruits in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Before the Initiation of Island-wide Population Suppression, as Recorded in Publications of Japanese Public Institutions. International Journal of Insect Science 7, 27-37. DOI: 10.4137/IJIS.S24582.

Ramadan MM, Messing RH. 2003. A Survey for Potential Biocontrol Agents of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Proc. Hawaiian Entomological Society 36, 115-122.

Saley MB. 2003. Cartographie thématique des aquifères de fissures pour l’évaluation des ressources en eau. Mise en place d’une nouvelle méthode d’extraction des discontinuités images et d’un SIHRS pour la région semi-montagneuse de Man (Nord-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat d’Université de Cocody-Abidjan, 209 p.

Sangaré A, Koffi E, Akamou F, Fall CA. 2009. Rapport national sur l’état des ressources phytogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture. Second rapport national, Ministère de l’agriculture, Répubique de Côte d’Ivoire 65, 10-18.

Shahzadi K, khan MA, Gul T, Taskeen Ahmad T, Aslam F, Ishfaq M, Aslam I. 2019. Host Preference of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Acta Scientific Agriculture 3(11), 80-83. DOI: 10.31080/ASAG.2019.03.0689

Thakur M, Gupta D. 2012. Effect of different plant extracts on reproduction of fruit fly Bactrocera tau (Walker). Biopesticides International 8(1), 32-37.

Article source : Effectiveness of the insecticide BioELIT on Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cucumber Cucumis sativus (Linné, 1753)   

Read More

Health Benefits of Banana (Musa): A Review | InformativeBD

 

Fatima Zahra, Sidra Khalid, Maria Aslam, and Zainab Sharmeen,  from the institute of Pakistan. wrote a Review article about, Health Benefits of Banana (Musa): A Review. Entitled, Health benefits of banana (Musa)- A review study. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Banana is a very delicious and nutritious fruit, economically more affordable in all over the world for all age groups from the Musaceae family. It belongs to the genus Musa. Banana is easily digestible, have low fat, sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins therefore used in special diets as for babies, patient having stomach disorders, arthritis. Every part of banana plant has specific health benefits, used to treat and prevent different diseases like cancer, ulcer, Alzheimer’s disease, infection, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, diabetes, and hypertension due to its antifungal, antibiotic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The unripe banana cooked form called plantains used as vegetable in some countries, useful for ulcer and digestive disorder. The leaves of banana plant are used for skin allergies, skin burns and flower of banana for bronchitis, diabetes, insect’s bites. The peel and pulp have dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin which is effective for the smoothness of muscles of intestine and vitamin c of banana peel helps to get rid from free radical and protect the body from disease attack. The purpose of writing this review article to study the benefits of nutrients present in banana like phenols, flavonoids, phytochemicals, potassium, vitamins, fiber on human health.

Read more : Optimizing Taxus baccata In Vitro Culture: Explants, Media & Hormones | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Plants are the natural source of drugs and food products used in all over the world, plants itself and its derivatives are safer in use and have no harmful effects (Calberto et al., 2015). That’s the reason the plants and its derivatives are used as or in the production of medicine globally (Serafino et al., 2008). Medicine based research helps to know the value of the plants and the amount of active ingredients present in it (Williamson, Liu, & Izzo, 2020). The daily consumption of Fruits can lower the risk of some diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, gastric problems etc. ulcers that’s the reason of the addition of fruits as important ingredient in a healthy diet (Rakotoniaina, 2018).

Banana is mostly consumed by the people globally due to its low price and affordable for everyone (Amri, Hossain, & Sciences, 2018; Rodriguez-Amaya & Analysis, 2010). It is cultivated in all over the world about almost 130 countries, mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions and Asia is the center of origin from South-East. Cost-effectively, banana is the fifth agricultural food cultivated in world trade, after cereals, cacao, coffee and sugar and it is an essential fruit crop in the world other than grapes, apples and citrus fruits (Aurore, Parfait, Fahrasmane, & Technology, 2009). Only 20% of banana yield is exported to other countries while the rest are consumed by countries where they are grown. The major countries which are exporters of banana is Ecuador and USA in the world (Tubiello et al., 2013)

Banana fruit consist of two parts: pulp and peel. Peel is about 40% of total weight of the banana and main byproduct of fruit. In past before the researches have begun banana peel is dumped into waste, contributing as massive amount of organic material considering it has no useful benefits. Later on the composition of banana peel is studied and found that it has many beneficial activities and used in many applications (Agama‐Acevedo et al., 2009). Banana pulp is the edible portion of the fruit and has a large amount of nutrition composition. Researchers has studied the vast variety of biologically active components found in banana pulp that can be extracted or isolated for the enrichment of food for health purposes such as different types of starch and cellulose (Khoozani, Birch, Bekhit, & technology, 2019)

The main reason to study health benefits of banana to elaborate the need of consumption of banana in daily dietary practices, as it contains many bioactive substances like phytosterols, phenolics, biogenic amines, carotenoids which are highly required in daily diet as they have many beneficial and healthy effects on human well-being. Most of these substances have antioxidant properties and are required for protecting the body against various free radical stress. (Singh, Singh, Kaur, & Singh, 2016)

Reference

Abe R, Ohtani K. 2013. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants and traditional therapies on Batan Island, the Philippines 145(2), 554-565.

Aboul-Enein AM, Salama ZA, Gaafar AA, Aly HF, Faten A, Ahmed HA. 2016. Identification of phenolic compounds from banana peel (Musa paradaisica L.) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents 8(4), 46-55.

Adamson SS, Ganiyu O. 2012. Aqueous Extracts from Unripe Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Products Inhibit Key Enzymes Linked with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension (In Vitro). 147(625), 1-7.

Adinarayana KP, Babu AP. 2011. Anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from rhizome of Musa acuminata 3(4), 291-294.

Agama‐Acevedo E, Islas‐Hernandez JJ, Osorio‐Díaz P, Rendón‐Villalobos R, Utrilla‐Coello RG, Angulo O, Bello‐Pérez LA. 2009. Pasta with unripe banana flour: Physical, texture, and preference study 74(6), S263-S267.

Al-Busaidi KT. 2013. Banana domestication on the Arabian Peninsula: a review of their domestication history 5(11), 194-203.

Al-Mqbali LR, Hossain MA. 2019. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential of different varieties of ripe banana used traditionally to treat ulcers 6, 1086-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.003

Al-Orf SM. 2010. Effect of Graded Levels of Dates Dietary Fiber on Weight Gain, Serum Glucose and Insulin Levels of Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 46(1), 65-73.

Amri FS, Hossain MA. 2018. Comparison of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant potential of local and imported ripe bananas 5(4), 245-251. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2018.09.002

Angulo AD, Suaza MP, Romero K, Sampablo FZ, Huila NE. Dotación del recurso humano de enfermería según el grado de dependencia de los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo Neiva 2014. [Internet]. Neiva: Universidad Surcolombiana; 2014 [Consultado 20 Abr 2017].

Anjum SH, Sundaram SH, Kumar Rai G. 2014. Banana peel oxalate oxidase-detection, purification, characterization and physiological role 7, 332-339.

Anyasi TA, Jideani AI, Mchau GR. 2018. Phenolics and essential mineral profile of organic acid pretreated unripe banana flour 104, 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.063

Apostolopoulos V, Antonipillai J, Tangalakis K, Ashton JF, Stojanovska L. 2017. Let’s Go Bananas! Green Bananas and their Health Benefits 38(2), 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2017-

Aurore G, Parfait B, Fahrasmane L. 2009. Bananas, raw materials for making processed food products 20(2), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tifs.2008.10.003

Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kaushik NK, Sahal D. 2011. In vitro antimalarial activity of medicinal plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum 108(1), 15-22. DOI 10.1007/s00436-010-2034-4

Barros L. 2020. Natural Antioxidants and Human Health Effects 26(16), 1757-1758.

Bhaskar JJ, Chilkunda ND, Salimath PV. 2012. Banana (Musa sp. var. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem: dietary fiber and associated antioxidant capacity 60(1), 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1021 /jf2

Bhaskar JJ, Salimath PV, Nandini CD. 2011. Stimulation of glucose uptake by Musa sp. (cv. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem extracts in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells 91(8), 1482-1487. https://doi.org /10.1002/jsfa.4337

Calberto G, Staver C, Siles P. 2015. An assessment of global banana production and suitability under climate change scenarios.

Carocho M, Morales P, Ferreira IC. 2018. Antioxidants: Reviewing the chemistry, food applications, legislation and role as preservatives 71, 107-120.

Costa ES, França CN, Fonseca FA, Kato JT, Bianco HT, Freitas TT, Fonseca HA, Neto AM, Izar MC. 2019. Beneficial effects of green banana biomass consumption in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial 121(12), 1365-1375. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519000576

D’Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. 2011. Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies 57(10), 1210-1219. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.070

Das JL. 2010. Medicinal and nutritional values of banana cv. NENDRAN. 5(1), 11-14.

Debabandya M, Sabyasachi M, Namrata S. 2010. Banana and its by-product utilization: an overview 69, 323-329.

Fahrasmane L, Parfait B, Aurore G. 2009. Bananas, a source of compounds with health properties. Paper presented at the III International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables-FAVHEALTH 2009 1040 (pp. 75-82).

González-Montelongo R, Lobo MG, González M. 2010. Antioxidant activity in banana peel extracts: Testing extraction conditions and related bioactive compounds 119(3), 1030-1039. https://doi.org/ 10. 1016 /j.foodchem.2009.08.012

He FJ, MacGregor GA. 2008. Beneficial effects of potassium on human health 133(4), 725-735. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01033.x

Hernández-Ruiz Á, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández E, Amiano P, Ruiz-Canela M, Molina-Montes E. 2019. A review of a priori defined oxidative balance scores relative to their components and impact on health outcomes. 11(4), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040774

Hettiaratchi UP, Ekanayake S, Welihinda J. 2011. Chemical compositions and glycemic responses to banana varieties 62(4), 307-309. https://doi.org/ 10. 3109 /09637486.2010.537254

Horie K, Hossain MS, Morita S, Kim Y, Yamatsu A, Watanabe Y, Ohgitani E, Mazda O, Kim M. 2020. The potency of a novel fermented unripe banana powder as a functional immunostimulatory food ingredient 70, 103980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103980

Izar MC, Costa ES, França CN, Fonseca FA, Kato J, Bianco HT, Freitas T, Fonseca HA, Figueiredo-Neto AM. 2018. Beneficial effects of green banana biomass consumption in patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes: A randomized controlled trial 275, e196.

Jahan M, Warsi MK, Khatoon F. 2010. Concentration influence on antimicrobial activity of banana blossom extract-incorporated chitosan-polyethylene glycol (CS-PEG) blended film 2(5), 373-378.

Ji L, Srzednicki G. 2013. Extraction of aromatic compounds from banana peels. Paper presented at the II Southeast Asia Symposium on Quality Management in Postharvest Systems 1088.

DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1088.99

Jyothirmayi N, Rao NM. 2015. Banana medicinal uses 4(2), 152-160.

Kale IA, Gore NS, Sarkate AP, Sakhale BK, Khandare AL, Sinha SN, Karnik KS, Pansare DN. Peel extract associated oxidative green dakin synthesis of some phenols using aqueous banana extract catalyst. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-03562-z

Khoozani AA, Birch J, Bekhit AE. 2019. Production, application and health effects of banana pulp and peel flour in the food industry 56(2), 548-559.

Kumar B. 2012. Theory of planned behaviour approach to understand the purchasing behaviour for environmentally sustainable products. http://hdl. handle. net /11718/11429

Kumar KS, Bhowmik D, Duraivel S, Umadevi M. 2012. Traditional and medicinal uses of banana 1(3), 51-63.

Kumar N, Pruthi V. 2014. Potential applications of ferulic acid from natural sources 4, 86-93. https:// doi.org /10.1016/j.btre.2014.09.002

Lau BF, Kong KW, Leong KH, Sun J, He X, Wang Z, Mustafa MR, Ling TC, Ismail A. 2020. Banana inflorescence: Its bio-prospects as an ingredient for functional foods 97, 14-28. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.023

Liao S, Cheng G, Conner DA, Huang Y, Kucherlapati RS, Munn LL, Ruddle NH, Jain RK, Fukumura D, Padera TP. 2011. Impaired lymphatic contraction associated with immunosuppression 108(46), 18784-18789. https:// doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.1116152108

Loganayaki N, Rajendrakumaran D, Manian S. 2010. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of different solvent extracts from banana (Musa paradisiaca) and mustai (Rivea hypocrateriformis) 19(5), 1251-1258. DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0179-7

Marangoni F, Poli A. 2010. Phytosterols and cardiovascular health 61(3), 193-199.

Mathew NS, Negi PSJJoe. 2017. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of wild banana (Musa acuminata Colla): A review 196, 124-140.

Menezes EW, Tadini CC, Tribess TB, Zuleta A, Binaghi J, Pak N, Vera G, Dan MC, Bertolini AC, Cordenunsi BR, Lajolo FM. (2011). Chemical composition and nutritional value of unripe banana flour (Musa acuminata, var. Nanicão) 66(3), 231-237. DOI 10.1007/s11130-011-0238-0

Mohapatra D, Mishra S, Sutar N. 2010. Banana and its by-product utilisation: an overview.

Mordi RC, Fadiaro AE, Owoeye TF, Olanrewaju IO, Uzoamaka GC, Olorunshola SJ. 2016. Identification by GC-MS of the components of oils of banana peels extract, phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses.

Mosa ZM, Khalil AF. 2015. The effect of banana peels supplemented diet on acute liver failure rats 60(2), 373-379.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas. 2015.

Navghare VV, Dhawale SC. 2017. In vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic and oral glucose tolerance test of banana peels 53(3), 237-243.

Odenigbo M, Inya-Osuu J. 2012. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary health care centre, Umuahia, Nigeria 3(3), 187-191.

Ogunlade I, Adediran OS, Azeez MA, Awoyinka OA, Ajayi DD, Raimi TH, Olanipekun AD. 2019. Physiochemical Analysis of Five Varieties of Banana Commonly Consumed in Nigeria.

Oliveira L, Freire CS, Silvestre AJ, Cordeiro N. 2008. Lipophilic extracts from banana fruit residues: a source of valuable phytosterols 56(20), 9520-9524. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801709t

P Choudhary S, S Tran L. 2011. Phytosterols: perspectives in human nutrition and clinical therapy 18(29), 4557-4567. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986 711797287593

Padam BS, Tin HS, Chye FY, Abdullah MI. 2014. Banana by-products: an under-utilized renewable food biomass with great potential 51(12), 3527-3545. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0861-2

Pan SH, Recht D, Charnvanichborikarn S, Williams JS, Aziz MJ. 2015. Enhanced visible and near-infrared optical absorption in silicon supersaturated with chalcogens 98(12), 121913. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3567759

Pereira A, Maraschin M. 2015. Banana (Musa spp) from peel to pulp: ethnopharmacology, source of bioactive compounds and its relevance for human health 160, 149-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep. 2014.11.008

Perez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J. 2010. Flavonols and cardiovascular disease 31(6), 478-494. https:// doi.org /10.1016/j.mam.2010.09.002

Pitak N, Rakshit SK. 2011. Physical and antimicrobial properties of banana flour/chitosan biodegradable and self sealing films used for preserving fresh-cut vegetables 44(10), 2310-2315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.05.024

Qusti SY, Abo-Khatwa AN, Lahwa MA. 2010. Free radical scavenging enzymes of fruit plant species cited in the Holy Quran 9(3), 338-344.

Rakotoniaina AL. 2018. How to increase fruit and vegetable consumption: A multistakeholder approach for improved health outcomes—A report from the Alliance for Food & Health 37(3), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1376298

Rao NM, Prasad SH, Jyothirmayi N. 2012. Efficacy of ripened and unripened fruit extracts of Musa X paradisiaca L. (Bontha cultivar) against human pathogens 4(1), 455-460.

Rebello LP, Ramos AM, Pertuzatti PB, Barcia MT, Castillo-Muñoz N, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I. 2014. Flour of banana (Musa AAA) peel as a source of antioxidant phenolic compounds 55, 397-403. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.039

Reinisalo M, Kårlund A, Koskela A, Kaarniranta K, Karjalainen RO. 2015. Polyphenol stilbenes: molecular mechanisms of defence against oxidative stress and aging-related diseases 2015.

Riaz T, Abbasi AM, Shahzadi T, Ajaib M, Khan MK. 2012. Phytochemical screening, free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Dodonaea viscosa. 77(4), 423-435. https:// doi.org /10.2298/JSC110621183R

Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2010. Quantitative analysis, in vitro assessment of bioavailability and antioxidant activity of food carotenoids—A review 23(7), 726-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca. 2010.

Septembre-Malaterre A, Stanislas G, Douraguia E, Gonthier MP. 2016. Evaluation of nutritional and antioxidant properties of the tropical fruits banana, litchi, mango, papaya, passion fruit and pineapple cultivated in Réunion French Island 212, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016. 05.

Serafino A, Vallebona PS, Andreola F, Zonfrillo M, Mercuri L, Federici M, Rasi G, Garaci E, Pierimarchi P. 2008. Stimulatory effect of Eucalyptus essential oil on innate cell-mediated immune response 9(1), 17.

Sheng ZW, Ma WH, Jin ZQ, Bi Y, Sun ZG, Dou HT, Li JY, Han LN. 2010. Investigation of dietary fiber, protein, vitamin E and other nutritional compounds of banana flower of two cultivars grown in China 9(25), 3888-3895.

Shruthi D. 2019. Medicinal uses of banana (Musa paradisiaca) 12(1).

Sidhu JS, Zafar TA. 2018. Bioactive compounds in banana fruits and their health benefits 2(4), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyy019

Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N. 2016. Bioactive compounds in banana and their associated health benefits–A review 206, 1-11. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.033

Sulaiman SF, Yusoff NA, Eldeen IM, Seow EM, Sajak AA, Ooi KL. 2011. Correlation between total phenolic and mineral contents with antioxidant activity of eight Malaysian bananas (Musa sp.). 24(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010. 04. 005

Sundaram S, Anjum S, Dwivedi P, Rai GK. 2011. Antioxidant activity and protective effect of banana peel against oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocyte at different stages of ripening 164(7), 1192-1206. DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9205-3

Swanson MD, Winter HC, Goldstein IJ, Markovitz DM. 2010. A lectin isolated from bananas is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication 285(12), 8646-8655.

Tavakkoli-Kakhki M, Motavasselian M, Mosaddegh M, Esfahani MM, Kamalinejad M, Nematy M, Eslami S. 2014. Omega-3 and omega-6 content of medicinal foods for depressed patients: implications from the Iranian Traditional Medicine 4(4), 225.

Tepal P. 2016. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic content assays of various solvent extracts of tepal of Musa paradisiaca 20(5), 1181-1190. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-25

Touwaide A, Appetiti E. 2013. Knowledge of Eastern materia medica (Indian and Chinese) in pre-modern Mediterranean medical traditions: A study in comparative historical ethnopharmacology 148(2), 361-378.

Tsamo CV, Herent MF, Tomekpe K, Emaga TH, Quetin-Leclercq J, Rogez H, Larondelle Y, Andre C. 2015. Phenolic profiling in the pulp and peel of nine plantain cultivars (Musa sp.) 167, 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.095

Tubiello FN, Salvatore M, Rossi S, Ferrara A, Fitton N, Smith P. 2013. The FAOSTAT database of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture 8(1), 015009. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015009

Vilela C, Santos SA, Villaverde JJ, Oliveira L, Nunes A, Cordeiro N, Freire CS, Silvestre AJ. 2014. Lipophilic phytochemicals from banana fruits of several Musa species 162, 247-252. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.050

Vu HT, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV. 2018. Phenolic compounds within banana peel and their potential uses: A review 40, 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jff.2017.11.006

Williamson EM, Liu X, Izzo AA. 2020. Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals 177(6), 1227-1240. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14943

Yang J, Tu J, Liu H, Wen L, Jiang Y, Yang B. 2019. Identification of an immunostimulatory polysaccharide in banana 277, 46-53. https://doi.org /10.1016 /j.foodchem.2018.10.043

Yin X, Quan J, Kanazawa T. 2008. Banana prevents plasma oxidative stress in healthy individuals 63(2), 71-76. DOI 10.1007/s11130-008-0072-1

Zafar IM, Saleha A, Hoque MM, Sohel RM. 2011. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of different extracts of Musa sapientum L. subsp. sylvestris 2, 62-65.

 Article source : Health benefits of banana (Musa)- A review study 

Read More