Roadside Leaves as Pollution Sensors: Weather and Particulates in Quetta | InformativeBD

Sher Muhammad,  Saadullah Khan Leghari, Palwasha Amanullah, Shamim Gul,  Shazia Saeed,  Alia Ahmad,  Allah Bakhsh Gulshan,  Fasial Hussain Leghari, and Basira Sher, from the different institute of Pakistan. wrote a Research article about, Roadside Leaves as Pollution Sensors: Weather and Particulates in Quetta. Entitled, Influence of Weather, Time and Pollution Level on Amount of Particulate Matter Placed on the Leaves of Nerium oleander and Ligustrum lucidum Grown along the Roadsides of Quetta City. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The PM accumulation process by plants is quite energetic, and even after one day, fluctuations in PM load on foliage can be significant. Rain and, to a lesser extent, wind influenced PM deposition on leaves, with the latter being more species-specific. This research explored the temporal and spatial variations in the concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM) collected on two evergreen plant species (Nerium oleander and Ligustrum lucidum) leaves commonly grown along with the roadside Quetta city Balochistan, Pakistan. The impact of wind and rain on the quantity of PM collected on vegetation was investigated. The PM (g⋅m−2) concentrations held by N. oleander and L. lucidum leaves considerably varied among the places (from 7.70 – 10.7 & 6.24 – 9.53) with significant variation and over time (from 5.94 – 18.0 & 5.32 – 16.5). The highest PM concentrations on the foliage of N. oleander and L. lucidum growing at the most contaminated site, Saryab road, were determined.  The largest and lowest levels of accumulation PM followed in August and January, respectively, throughout the year. Rainfall events eliminated a significant percentage of the accumulated PM on leaves (30%, 42% and 55% of PM from leaves of N. oleander and 40, 62 and 95% from L. lucidum leaves) and strong winds (20%. 35% and 47% of PM N. oleander and 25%, 45% and 71% from L. lucidum), It’s also possible that heavier precipitation or a higher maximum wind speed will help to eliminate more PM from the leaves. Rainfall primarily cleared coarse and large particles, but small fragments clung to the foliage more tenaciously. These findings suggested that when assessing total PM accumulation on leaves, the influence of regional weather circumstances (such as strong wind or rainfall), altered seasons, and levels of pollution should be judged.

Read more : Bamboo Power: Ecological, Economic, and Cultural Value of a Remarkable Resource | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Unlike many other pollutants, particulate matter (PM) cannot be defined by the fluctuations in mass concentrations of a particular chemical over time and space. PM movement and its environmental and health impacts are influenced by a number of important elements. The fine fraction has gotten the most attention since it has an impact on health, visibility, and radiative forcing. Long-distance migration of fine particulate matter can have global, regional, and local consequences. Air pollution is becoming a greater hazard to the environment, animals, plants, and human health in metropolitan areas (EEA, 2015; Leghari, 2019). PM, which is made up of liquid and solid organic and inorganic particles, is the most dangerous pollutants among all taken from the inhalation route (Bell et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2015). There are both human-made and natural sources of it (Juda-Rezler et al., 2011). Particles having an aerodynamic diameter ranging from 0.001 to 100 m have different ecological effects and lifespan (Farmer, 2002). Chronic PM exposure can start with a variety of health issues (Kim et al., 2015). Because organisms are subjected to an extensive array of uncontrollable variables such as parasites, climate factors, and a complex pollutant mixture, estimating the impact of air pollutants is difficult (Leghari et al., 2018a). Air pollution in cities has become a major environmental issue in the last several decades, particularly in developing countries and their main cities (Leghari and Zaidi, 2013). Since the last few decades, it has been noted that as the human population grows, so does industry and the number of automobiles. These automobiles and industries emitted a range of air pollutants, which might lead to environmental degradation, the destruction of all forms of roadside crops, and a reduction in tree lifespan. Depending on the pollutant and the species' tolerance, the nature of adverse effects can vary to some extent (Mughal et al., 2018).

The increased usage of vehicles in urban areas has contributed to rising levels of air pollutants in recent years. PM pollution is one of the environmental challenges. (Kardel et al., 2010; Saebo et al., 2012).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, heavy metals, and other compounds are found in atmospheric PM, which is primarily anthropogenic in origin (such as industrial and building activity, residential heating, and road traffic) (Saebo et al., 2012). Further that there are potential dangers to condition, vegetation, and wellbeing from the inappropriate treatment of strong squander. In numerous urban regions, the private strong waste transfer practices comprise of open-consuming utilizing barrels or other comparative gadgets rather than, or notwithstanding, transfer to civil landfills or metropolitan strong waste combustors. The inspirations for families that open-consume their trash may incorporate comfort, propensity, or landfill and cost evasion. Emanations from consuming strong private waste are discharged at ground level bringing about diminished weakening by scattering (Leghari et al., 2015). Furthermore, the expanding technologies and human population are causing one of the most serious problems we face today, namely, air pollution. A key role is played by pollen grains in plant fertility and proper insemination. A plant's fertility declines in severe air pollution circumstances due to direct and indirect impacts on the propagative system (Leghari et al., 2018b). Momentum administrative and examine activities, including PM, are propelled by its impacts on human wellbeing (like a malignant growth, coronary illness, cardiovascular infection, eye aggravation, respiratory ailment, and asthma) Pope III et al., (2004), on deceivability, and on the capacity of oversaw and normal biological systems (Grantz et al., 2003). As a result, one of the essential protection responsibilities at the moment is to reduce PM concentrations in the ambient air. In addition to minimizing PM sources, phytoremediation is considered an additional and useful strategy for reducing air pollution by filtering and absorbing some PM through forest crowns and leaves (Kardel et al., 2010; Escobedo et al., 2011; Saebo et al., 2012; Nowak et al., 2013; Popek et al., 2013). Numerous different investigations have been directed in various zones of the world. For example, in the United States, urban vegetation might expel around 21.49x104 t of PM every year (Nowak et al., 2006).

To improve air quality in extremely polluted places, Plants have a high potential to absorb PM in the air. This research was conducted in Quetta's urban areas, which are located in a semi-arid climate and have seen considerable development. N. oleander and L. lucidum, a joint perennial plant species, are nominated as the examination material for the reason of their occurrence in metropolitan regions in the study zone. So these species were chosen to detect variations in PM deposited on leaves over a year in various urban settings, as well as to explore the impact of weather (rain and wind) and time on PM clearance from leaves.

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Article source : Influence of Weather,Time and Pollution Level on Amount of Particulate Matter Placed on the Leavesof Nerium oleander and Ligustrum lucidum Grown along the Roadsides of QuettaCity 

Read More

Bamboo Power: Ecological, Economic, and Cultural Value of a Remarkable Resource | InformativeBD

N. Kambale Ndavaro,  ADMT. Hegbe,  JD. Minengu Mayulu,  W. Muhindo Sahani,  SSH. Biaou, and AK. Natta, from the different institute of Congo and Benin. wrote a Review article about, Bamboo Power: Ecological, Economic, and Cultural Value of a Remarkable Resource. Entitled, Bamboos (Bambusiadeae): plant resources with ecological, socio-economic and cultural virtues: A review. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Bamboos (Bambusiadeae) are plant resources with several virtues and uses. However, the fragmentary, partial and dispersed aspect of the information relating to the benefits of bamboo does not make it possible to easily understand the potential of the latter, in order to promote their sustainability. This article reviews knowledge on the ecological, socio-economic and cultural importance of bamboos throughout the world in the light of the various studies that have been carried out on these subjects. Literature data show that bamboos play an invaluable role in environmental protection. They sequester large quantities of atmospheric carbon dioxide, stabilize slopes against edaphic erosion and intervene in ecological sanitation. A privileged habitat for several animal and plant species, bamboos play a major ecological role in the conservation of biodiversity. In addition, bamboos represent an important source of income for many households. There are, in fact, several products made from bamboo, from textiles to paper and cooking. Bamboos are also used in housing construction, handicrafts and traditional medicine. Finally, in some societies, bamboos are among the plants that have become true cultural markers or emblems of human history. Considering the ecosystem goods and services of bamboos, it is necessary to promote their conservation on the basis of conclusive technical data. Thus, future studies should be conducted to identify current threats to bamboo worldwide.

Read more : Phenolic Richness: Exploring Antioxidants in Apayao’s Indigenous Fruit Trees | InformativeBD 

Introduction 

Bamboos (Bambusiadeae) are one of the largest groups of Poaceae and comprise about 75-107 genera (Bhatt et al., 2005) distributed between 1250-1600 species (Yuen et al., 2017; Polesi et al., 2021). Generally considered cumbersome and not very useful plants, bamboos are nevertheless among the most precious plant resources in the world, as they have several virtues and several uses (Kalanzi et al., 2017; Dje Bi et al., 2020). Indeed, bamboo contributes to the socio-economic development not only of marginalized areas, but also of urban environments (Somashekar et al., 2018; INBAR, 2020). All the organs of these giant grasses are used by humans for multiple purposes (Bitariho and Mosango, 2005; Hessavi et al., 2019; Dje Bi et al., 2020). Some ethnobotanical and ethnoecological studies report a diversity of uses of bamboo by populations in several countries in tropical regions (Kalanzi et al., 2017; Shahzad et al., 2021). Through their various uses, bamboos represent an important source of income and employment for many households, both rural and urban (Ramananantoandro et al., 2013; Dje Bi et al., 2017; Mridusmita, 2018). A privileged habitat for several animal and plant species, bamboos play a very important ecological role in the conservation of biodiversity (Bystriakova et al., 2004; Randrianarimanana et al., 2012; Safari et al., 2015). In the current context of global changes, bamboos contribute effectively to the protection of the environment (Ramananantoandro et al., 2013; INBAR, 2020) and also constitute an important element of the cultural heritage of several peoples around the world (Eblic, 2008; Dougoud, 2013; Guichard-Anguis, 2017).

However, the fragmentary, partial and dispersed aspect of the information relating to the benefits of bamboo does not allow us to grasp the enormous potential of these tall grasses. In fact, bamboos are still relatively little used in certain countries in the tropics where these giant grasses grow. Certainly, this comes from a lack of local tradition and technique for their use, on the one hand, but also and above all from a lack of documented information in a global, structured and very precise way on the multiple virtues of bamboos, on the other hand. These deficits of structured and precise documentation constitute a major limit to the optimal valorization of these phytoresources as well as to their conservation and sustainable management. To deal with this problem, this study takes stock of the state of knowledge on the ecological, socio-economic and cultural importance of bamboos in the world.

The interest of this bibliographic research is therefore operational. It serves to facilitate access to a greater range of information relating to the ecosystem services of bamboos, with a view to optimizing their uses and motivating human communities in the rural world of tropical regions to promote their sustainability, in order to be able to contribute effectively in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aim, among other things, to eliminate poverty, hunger and ensure food security in the world (Dje Bi et al., 2020).

To achieve this, a documentary search was carried out on the Web using the search engines Google, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect. The research equations were formulated using the following key words: Bamboos, ecosystem services, environmental protection, income, cultural heritage. In addition to these search engines, two bibliographic databases were queried, namely AGORA and OARE. As suggested by Gillet et al. (2016), books and scientific articles that were redundant and deviated from the research topic were eliminated, retaining only those containing as many bibliographic references as possible. This made it possible to select the references appearing in this bibliographical synthesis and whose automatic recording in Harvard style was done using the Zotero software. A total of 144 documents (articles, books and theses) relating to the importance of bamboo in the world were selected.

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Article source : Bamboos (Bambusiadeae):plant resources with ecological, socio-economic and cultural virtues: A review

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Phenolic Richness: Exploring Antioxidants in Apayao’s Indigenous Fruit Trees | InformativeBD

Maria Christina Z. Manicad, from the institute of Philippines. Agustina G. Pattung, from the institute of Philippines and Hannie T. Martin, from the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Phenolic Richness: Exploring Antioxidants in Apayao’s Indigenous Fruit Trees. Entitled, Total phenolic contents of selected indigenous fruit trees in Apayao. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the morphological characteristics, identity and total phenolic contents of three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao namely Namot, Bignai kalabaw and Lubeg. These lesser known trees were abundant in the region but were underutilized as very little information were available for its maximization. Results of the study showed that the Namot is the richest source of phenolics. Among the four (4) plant extracts, Namot leaves extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents at 1.06mg/g of the Gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The lowest phenolic contents were noticed in Bignai kalabaw (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng leaves at 0.71mg/g of the Gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The total phenolic contents of the extracts of lubeg fruits were found to be lower than the leaves at 0.99 and 1.05mg/g of the Gallic acid equivalent (GAE), respectively. Lubegbelongs to Family Myrtaceae under Phylum Magnoliophyta. The chemical composition of Lubeg leaves was high in steroids, tannins, and coumarins while its fruits were highly positive in quinones and flavonoids. It has anti-oxidant property, and anti-inflammatory. Phenolics are the largest group of phytochemicals that account for most of the antioxidant activity in plants or plant products. The total phenolic content will be helpful for developing new drugs and standardizing the drug. Gallic acid may occur in plants in soluble form either as quinic acid esters (5) or hydrolyzable tannins. The most important biological activity of phenolic compounds is probably their many observed inhibitory effects on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

Read more : Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts | InformativeBD

Introduction

The use of plants for varied purposes is undeniable. Today, many are using plants for health and wellness. As such, there is a growing interest to tap plants as sources of food supplements, medicines, dyes and many more. Molecules are unique to plants or a group of plants. These metabolites are used as food, flavors, color, dyes, and as raw materials for industrial products Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins.

The presence of these metabolites is responsible for plant pigment and coloration. This group of compounds has received a great deal of attention in today’s recent years (Cowan, 1999). A revisit on the use of plant-derived commodities coming from nature is encouraged nowadays. With the recognition and promotion of plants, with modern use of standardized extraction and chemical analysis, it is now possible to identify and characterize the active ingredient of plants like phenolic contents.

Phenolic compounds act as essential metabolites for plant growth and reproduction, and as protecting agents against pathogens. In addition, they are related to the sensorial properties of food of vegetal origin, mainly regarding color (Mujica & Soto, 2009). A. Aberoumand & Deokule (2008) cited that these compounds one of the most widely occurring groups of phytochemicals are of considerable physiological and morphological importance in plants. Phenolic compounds exhibit a wide range of physiological properties, such as anti-allergenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, cardioprotective and vasodilatory effects.

The Province of Apayao in Northern Cordillera is rich with various natural resources such as forest resources and agricultural resources, water resources, mineral resources and etc. With these rich resources, needs for food, shelter, medicines and the like come from the environment. The forests include various species of flora like trees, food plants, medicinal plants, veterinary plants, ornamental plants and etc.

These trees have developmental potentials if the biochemical ingredients will be discovered. Plants contain primary metabolites essential to the life of the plants like sugars, amino acids and nucleotides and secondary metabolites used as food, flavors, color, dyes, poisons, perfumes, aromatherapy, industrial products such as rubber, oils and prescription drugs, which contain at least one chemical originally identified and extracted from a plant (Cowan, 1999). The bioactive phytochemicals like total phenolic contents of these three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao namely namot, bignai kalabaw and lubeg,once analyzed can enhance their potential commercial values and utilization for better biodiversity conservation. This study was conducted to determine the morphological characteristics and identity of the three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao namely namot, bignai kalabaw and lubeg; and to determine the total phenolic contents of three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao.

Reference

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Source : Total phenolic contents of selected indigenous fruit trees in Apayao 

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Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts | InformativeBD

Anthelmintic, Efficacy, Extract, Phytochemical,  and Sasso chicken, from the institute of Philippines.  wrote a Research article about, Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts. Entitled, Anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava ethanolic bark extracts against Ascaridia galli of chicken. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Limited substantiations are available supporting the pharmacological properties of herbal plants utilized in ethno-veterinary medication which remained sustainable in local communities in spite of advancements in animal health today. This study evaluated through in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic assays the folkloric use of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava, which are among the selection of documented florae in the Philippines being used in ethno-veterinary medicine. In vitro anthelmintic evaluation showed time-dependent and concentration-dependent efficacies. The ovicidal action of Chrysophyllum cainito bark ethanolic extract at 60mg/ml has recorded 94.65% inhibition capacity, whereas Psidium guajava bark ethanolic extract generated 92.64% and 96.28% efficacies at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, respectively. The wormicidal activity of the former elicited 88.88% at 60mg/kg, while the latter yielded 88.88% and 94.44% mortalities to worms at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, correspondingly. Probit analysis on the lethal concentration (LC50) against eggs and worms was logged at different magnitudes for both plants. In vivo assessment by means of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) rate has signified biologically, that the tested plants undoubtedly possess anthelmintic property.

Read more : Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production |InformativeBD 

Introduction

The scientific dwellings in modern animal health is averted with issues on drug resistance and residues attributed to injudicious use of veterinary drugs; a menace which may possibly upsurge as global problem in the future. The undisciplined custom of employing anthelmintics both for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes raises distress to authorities. Indeed, most farmers are reliant on the use of synthetic anti-parasitic drugs, and less application of organic approach (Waller, 2006).

The control and prevention of these parasites have depended largely on the application of several synthetic preparations of anthelmintics (Kumarasingha et al., 2016). In view of this concern, experts are assertive in seeking alternative approaches of controlling worm infection in animals, such as the elimination of Ascaridia galli, which is the most known parasite of birds that causes severe illness, pathological deformities and financial losses even in modern fowl production systems (Garedaghi, 2011; Soulsby, 1982).

The documented resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to commercial dewormers has intensified the essential need to evaluate natural products, which can supplant the current approaches of controlling these parasites (Macedo et al., 2012). Innovative dealings to control helminth infections are essential at this hour in order to halt this very concern on anthelmintic resistance (Giri et al., 2015). The identification of anthelmintic plant extract with promising pharmacologic properties may contribute to the development of phytotherapeutic products with lower risk of resistance in contrast to conventional medication currently employed (Ferreira et al., 2013). Yigezu et al. (2014) highlighted the need for further methodical evaluations of plant materials used in ethno-veterinary medicine. As such, limited investigation finding is known on the pharmacological properties of Psidium guajava and Chrysophyllum cainito specifically on the anthelmintic activity. This therefore, dictates the need to search for substantial scientific evidences on the beneficial use of the aforementioned herbal plants that would offer alternatives to animal raisers in managing worm infection using vegetation found in the surroundings which are safe, efficient and inexpensive.

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Article source : Anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava ethanolic bark extracts against Ascaridia galli of chicken 

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Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production | InformativeBD

Meidy Harris Prayoga, Ahmad Alim Bahri, Yusuf Azis, and Emy Rahmawati, from the institute of Indonesia.  wrote a Research article about, Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production. Entitled, Land suitability evaluation to increase Hiyung cayenne pepper production at Tapin district South Kalimantan Province. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Tapin is one of the districts in South Kalimantan Province, which has a leading sector in agriculture. The agricultural sector contributed 19.6% of the total GRDP value in 2019 but could not significantly increase the regional economy, so this sector needs to be developed. In actual conditions, the yield of Hiyung cayenne pepper was only 145 ha, while the productivity has 11.01 ton ha-1. The large amount of land that has not been utilized in the Tapin Regency opens up great opportunities for agricultural extensification or expansion of planting areas. This research aims to determine the area of ​​land that is suitable and available to increase production. Matching criteria analysis was used to obtain an appropriate and available land area. The results indicated that the land suitability class for Hiyung chili in Tapin Regency was divided into 12 classes. The suitable land area available for Hiyung cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency is 60,380 ha or 28.03% of the total land area. The land suitability class for Hiyung cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency is dominated by class S3 (d, p, ch) with limiting factors in the form of drainage, pH and rainfall in Candi Laras Selatan and Candi Laras Utara subdistricts.

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Introduction

In Tapin Regency, the agricultural sector is the primary sector that is able to absorb the most labor (BPS Kab Tapin, 2019). In a developing country, food security and environmental sustainability are two crucial factors for national growth and development (Omotade et al., 2019). The Tapin Regency BPS noted that in 2018, this sector was able to absorb 40,892 residents or 44% of the total workforce. In 2019, it was recorded that the agricultural sector was able to contribute 19.6% of the total value of GRDP but was still unable to improve the regional economy significantly, so this sector needs to be developed to become a mainstay sector.

Tapin Regency has another development potential besides the food crop sector. Cayenne pepper is one of the horticultural commodities that has a certain uniqueness. The cayenne pepper variety in question comes from Hiyung Village, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Hiyung is a local variety of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) that traditionally grown continuously at swampland of Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province.

This cayenne pepper has high productivity and good market prospect and could contribute to increase national cayenne production. This germplasm has been officially registered with the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 09/PLV/2012 dated April 12, 2012, as a Local Variety under the name Hiyung cayenne pepper. The uniqueness of this chili is the level of spiciness that exceeds the spiciness of other cayenne peppers. The results of laboratory tests in 2012 showed that the level of spiciness was the highest in Indonesia, with capsaicin levels reaching 9,400 ppm (Balai Pengawas dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, 2015). This uniqueness encourages the local government of Tapin Regency to promote it as a superior regional commodity. Promotion is directed as part of agribusiness development efforts to increase production for marketing needs outside the Tapin Regency area while maintaining sustainable food availability for the community. The actual condition of cayenne pepper productivity is still relatively low. The planting area of cayenne pepper is only 145 ha (Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Tapin, (2020). This is because cayenne pepper is grown in a limited place. Planted area, harvest and productivity of cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency in the last 5 years are shown in (Table 1). Efforts to increase production are carried out by means of agricultural extension. Extensification is offered as a management strategy to reduce the perceived negative effects of intensive agricultural management (Horrocks et al., (2014). The large amount of land that has not been utilized in Tapin Regency opens up great opportunities for agricultural extensification or expansion of planting areas. No research is directed at land planning for certain commodities, especially to determine the availability of land for cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency. Based on the background of the problems above, this study aims to compile an evaluation of land suitability for cayenne pepper in the Tapin Regency.

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Article source : Land suitability evaluation to increase Hiyung cayenne pepper production at Tapin district South Kalimantan Province 

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