Bamboo Power: Ecological, Economic, and Cultural Value of a Remarkable Resource | InformativeBD

N. Kambale Ndavaro,  ADMT. Hegbe,  JD. Minengu Mayulu,  W. Muhindo Sahani,  SSH. Biaou, and AK. Natta, from the different institute of Congo and Benin. wrote a Review article about, Bamboo Power: Ecological, Economic, and Cultural Value of a Remarkable Resource. Entitled, Bamboos (Bambusiadeae): plant resources with ecological, socio-economic and cultural virtues: A review. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Bamboos (Bambusiadeae) are plant resources with several virtues and uses. However, the fragmentary, partial and dispersed aspect of the information relating to the benefits of bamboo does not make it possible to easily understand the potential of the latter, in order to promote their sustainability. This article reviews knowledge on the ecological, socio-economic and cultural importance of bamboos throughout the world in the light of the various studies that have been carried out on these subjects. Literature data show that bamboos play an invaluable role in environmental protection. They sequester large quantities of atmospheric carbon dioxide, stabilize slopes against edaphic erosion and intervene in ecological sanitation. A privileged habitat for several animal and plant species, bamboos play a major ecological role in the conservation of biodiversity. In addition, bamboos represent an important source of income for many households. There are, in fact, several products made from bamboo, from textiles to paper and cooking. Bamboos are also used in housing construction, handicrafts and traditional medicine. Finally, in some societies, bamboos are among the plants that have become true cultural markers or emblems of human history. Considering the ecosystem goods and services of bamboos, it is necessary to promote their conservation on the basis of conclusive technical data. Thus, future studies should be conducted to identify current threats to bamboo worldwide.

Read more : Phenolic Richness: Exploring Antioxidants in Apayao’s Indigenous Fruit Trees | InformativeBD 

Introduction 

Bamboos (Bambusiadeae) are one of the largest groups of Poaceae and comprise about 75-107 genera (Bhatt et al., 2005) distributed between 1250-1600 species (Yuen et al., 2017; Polesi et al., 2021). Generally considered cumbersome and not very useful plants, bamboos are nevertheless among the most precious plant resources in the world, as they have several virtues and several uses (Kalanzi et al., 2017; Dje Bi et al., 2020). Indeed, bamboo contributes to the socio-economic development not only of marginalized areas, but also of urban environments (Somashekar et al., 2018; INBAR, 2020). All the organs of these giant grasses are used by humans for multiple purposes (Bitariho and Mosango, 2005; Hessavi et al., 2019; Dje Bi et al., 2020). Some ethnobotanical and ethnoecological studies report a diversity of uses of bamboo by populations in several countries in tropical regions (Kalanzi et al., 2017; Shahzad et al., 2021). Through their various uses, bamboos represent an important source of income and employment for many households, both rural and urban (Ramananantoandro et al., 2013; Dje Bi et al., 2017; Mridusmita, 2018). A privileged habitat for several animal and plant species, bamboos play a very important ecological role in the conservation of biodiversity (Bystriakova et al., 2004; Randrianarimanana et al., 2012; Safari et al., 2015). In the current context of global changes, bamboos contribute effectively to the protection of the environment (Ramananantoandro et al., 2013; INBAR, 2020) and also constitute an important element of the cultural heritage of several peoples around the world (Eblic, 2008; Dougoud, 2013; Guichard-Anguis, 2017).

However, the fragmentary, partial and dispersed aspect of the information relating to the benefits of bamboo does not allow us to grasp the enormous potential of these tall grasses. In fact, bamboos are still relatively little used in certain countries in the tropics where these giant grasses grow. Certainly, this comes from a lack of local tradition and technique for their use, on the one hand, but also and above all from a lack of documented information in a global, structured and very precise way on the multiple virtues of bamboos, on the other hand. These deficits of structured and precise documentation constitute a major limit to the optimal valorization of these phytoresources as well as to their conservation and sustainable management. To deal with this problem, this study takes stock of the state of knowledge on the ecological, socio-economic and cultural importance of bamboos in the world.

The interest of this bibliographic research is therefore operational. It serves to facilitate access to a greater range of information relating to the ecosystem services of bamboos, with a view to optimizing their uses and motivating human communities in the rural world of tropical regions to promote their sustainability, in order to be able to contribute effectively in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aim, among other things, to eliminate poverty, hunger and ensure food security in the world (Dje Bi et al., 2020).

To achieve this, a documentary search was carried out on the Web using the search engines Google, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect. The research equations were formulated using the following key words: Bamboos, ecosystem services, environmental protection, income, cultural heritage. In addition to these search engines, two bibliographic databases were queried, namely AGORA and OARE. As suggested by Gillet et al. (2016), books and scientific articles that were redundant and deviated from the research topic were eliminated, retaining only those containing as many bibliographic references as possible. This made it possible to select the references appearing in this bibliographical synthesis and whose automatic recording in Harvard style was done using the Zotero software. A total of 144 documents (articles, books and theses) relating to the importance of bamboo in the world were selected.

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Article source : Bamboos (Bambusiadeae):plant resources with ecological, socio-economic and cultural virtues: A review

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Phenolic Richness: Exploring Antioxidants in Apayao’s Indigenous Fruit Trees | InformativeBD

Maria Christina Z. Manicad, from the institute of Philippines. Agustina G. Pattung, from the institute of Philippines and Hannie T. Martin, from the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Phenolic Richness: Exploring Antioxidants in Apayao’s Indigenous Fruit Trees. Entitled, Total phenolic contents of selected indigenous fruit trees in Apayao. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the morphological characteristics, identity and total phenolic contents of three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao namely Namot, Bignai kalabaw and Lubeg. These lesser known trees were abundant in the region but were underutilized as very little information were available for its maximization. Results of the study showed that the Namot is the richest source of phenolics. Among the four (4) plant extracts, Namot leaves extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents at 1.06mg/g of the Gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The lowest phenolic contents were noticed in Bignai kalabaw (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng leaves at 0.71mg/g of the Gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The total phenolic contents of the extracts of lubeg fruits were found to be lower than the leaves at 0.99 and 1.05mg/g of the Gallic acid equivalent (GAE), respectively. Lubegbelongs to Family Myrtaceae under Phylum Magnoliophyta. The chemical composition of Lubeg leaves was high in steroids, tannins, and coumarins while its fruits were highly positive in quinones and flavonoids. It has anti-oxidant property, and anti-inflammatory. Phenolics are the largest group of phytochemicals that account for most of the antioxidant activity in plants or plant products. The total phenolic content will be helpful for developing new drugs and standardizing the drug. Gallic acid may occur in plants in soluble form either as quinic acid esters (5) or hydrolyzable tannins. The most important biological activity of phenolic compounds is probably their many observed inhibitory effects on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

Read more : Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts | InformativeBD

Introduction

The use of plants for varied purposes is undeniable. Today, many are using plants for health and wellness. As such, there is a growing interest to tap plants as sources of food supplements, medicines, dyes and many more. Molecules are unique to plants or a group of plants. These metabolites are used as food, flavors, color, dyes, and as raw materials for industrial products Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins.

The presence of these metabolites is responsible for plant pigment and coloration. This group of compounds has received a great deal of attention in today’s recent years (Cowan, 1999). A revisit on the use of plant-derived commodities coming from nature is encouraged nowadays. With the recognition and promotion of plants, with modern use of standardized extraction and chemical analysis, it is now possible to identify and characterize the active ingredient of plants like phenolic contents.

Phenolic compounds act as essential metabolites for plant growth and reproduction, and as protecting agents against pathogens. In addition, they are related to the sensorial properties of food of vegetal origin, mainly regarding color (Mujica & Soto, 2009). A. Aberoumand & Deokule (2008) cited that these compounds one of the most widely occurring groups of phytochemicals are of considerable physiological and morphological importance in plants. Phenolic compounds exhibit a wide range of physiological properties, such as anti-allergenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, cardioprotective and vasodilatory effects.

The Province of Apayao in Northern Cordillera is rich with various natural resources such as forest resources and agricultural resources, water resources, mineral resources and etc. With these rich resources, needs for food, shelter, medicines and the like come from the environment. The forests include various species of flora like trees, food plants, medicinal plants, veterinary plants, ornamental plants and etc.

These trees have developmental potentials if the biochemical ingredients will be discovered. Plants contain primary metabolites essential to the life of the plants like sugars, amino acids and nucleotides and secondary metabolites used as food, flavors, color, dyes, poisons, perfumes, aromatherapy, industrial products such as rubber, oils and prescription drugs, which contain at least one chemical originally identified and extracted from a plant (Cowan, 1999). The bioactive phytochemicals like total phenolic contents of these three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao namely namot, bignai kalabaw and lubeg,once analyzed can enhance their potential commercial values and utilization for better biodiversity conservation. This study was conducted to determine the morphological characteristics and identity of the three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao namely namot, bignai kalabaw and lubeg; and to determine the total phenolic contents of three indigenous fruit trees in Apayao.

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Mehrdad Abootalebian, Javad Keramat, Mahdi Kadivar, Farhad Ahmadia. Mahnaz Abdinia. 2016. Comparison of total phenolic and antioxidant activity of different Mentha spicata and M. longifolia accessions. https://doi.org/10. 1016/ j.aoas.2016.10.002.

Mujica MV, Granito M, Soto N. 2009. Importance of the extraction method in the quantification of total phenolic compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Interciencia 34(9), 650-654.

NazishSiddiqui, Abdur Rau, Abdul Latif, Zeenat Mahmood. 2016.  Spectrophotometric determination of the total phenolic content, spectral and fluorescence study of the herbal Unani drug Gul-e-Zoofa (Nepeta bracteata Benth).

Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods in Enzymology 299, 152-178.

Source : Total phenolic contents of selected indigenous fruit trees in Apayao 

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Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts | InformativeBD

Anthelmintic, Efficacy, Extract, Phytochemical,  and Sasso chicken, from the institute of Philippines.  wrote a Research article about, Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts. Entitled, Anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava ethanolic bark extracts against Ascaridia galli of chicken. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Limited substantiations are available supporting the pharmacological properties of herbal plants utilized in ethno-veterinary medication which remained sustainable in local communities in spite of advancements in animal health today. This study evaluated through in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic assays the folkloric use of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava, which are among the selection of documented florae in the Philippines being used in ethno-veterinary medicine. In vitro anthelmintic evaluation showed time-dependent and concentration-dependent efficacies. The ovicidal action of Chrysophyllum cainito bark ethanolic extract at 60mg/ml has recorded 94.65% inhibition capacity, whereas Psidium guajava bark ethanolic extract generated 92.64% and 96.28% efficacies at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, respectively. The wormicidal activity of the former elicited 88.88% at 60mg/kg, while the latter yielded 88.88% and 94.44% mortalities to worms at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, correspondingly. Probit analysis on the lethal concentration (LC50) against eggs and worms was logged at different magnitudes for both plants. In vivo assessment by means of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) rate has signified biologically, that the tested plants undoubtedly possess anthelmintic property.

Read more : Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production |InformativeBD 

Introduction

The scientific dwellings in modern animal health is averted with issues on drug resistance and residues attributed to injudicious use of veterinary drugs; a menace which may possibly upsurge as global problem in the future. The undisciplined custom of employing anthelmintics both for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes raises distress to authorities. Indeed, most farmers are reliant on the use of synthetic anti-parasitic drugs, and less application of organic approach (Waller, 2006).

The control and prevention of these parasites have depended largely on the application of several synthetic preparations of anthelmintics (Kumarasingha et al., 2016). In view of this concern, experts are assertive in seeking alternative approaches of controlling worm infection in animals, such as the elimination of Ascaridia galli, which is the most known parasite of birds that causes severe illness, pathological deformities and financial losses even in modern fowl production systems (Garedaghi, 2011; Soulsby, 1982).

The documented resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to commercial dewormers has intensified the essential need to evaluate natural products, which can supplant the current approaches of controlling these parasites (Macedo et al., 2012). Innovative dealings to control helminth infections are essential at this hour in order to halt this very concern on anthelmintic resistance (Giri et al., 2015). The identification of anthelmintic plant extract with promising pharmacologic properties may contribute to the development of phytotherapeutic products with lower risk of resistance in contrast to conventional medication currently employed (Ferreira et al., 2013). Yigezu et al. (2014) highlighted the need for further methodical evaluations of plant materials used in ethno-veterinary medicine. As such, limited investigation finding is known on the pharmacological properties of Psidium guajava and Chrysophyllum cainito specifically on the anthelmintic activity. This therefore, dictates the need to search for substantial scientific evidences on the beneficial use of the aforementioned herbal plants that would offer alternatives to animal raisers in managing worm infection using vegetation found in the surroundings which are safe, efficient and inexpensive.

 Reference

Abdel Aziz AR, AbouLaila MR, Aziz M, Omar MA, Sultan K. 2018. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of pumpkin seeds and pomegranate peels extracts against Ascaridia galli. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 7, 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bjbas.2018.02.003

Alemu Z, Kechero Y, Kebede A, Mohammed A. 2014. Comparison of the In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Doses of Tannin Rich Plant Extracts and Ivermectin on Egg Hatchability, Larvae Development and Adult Mortality of Haemonchus contortus. Acta Parasitologica Globalis 5(3), 160-168.

Argentieri MP, D’Addabbo T, Tava A, Agostinelli A, Jurzysta M, Avato P. 2008. Evaluation of nematicidal properties of saponins from Medicago spp. European Journal of Plant Pathology 120, 189-197. 10.1007/s10658-007-9207-8

Bazh EK, El-Bahy NM. 2013. In vitro and in vivo screening of anthelmintic activity of ginger and curcumin on Ascaridia galli. Parasitology Research 112, 3679-3686. 10.1007/s00436-013-3541-x

Cabardo Jr. D, Portugaliza HP. 2017. Anthelmintic activity of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Haemonchus contortus eggs and third stage larvae. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 5, 30-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.02.001

Doligalska M, Jóźwicka K, Kiersnowska M, Mroczek A, Pączkowski C, Janiszowska W. 2011. Triterpenoid saponins affect the function of P-glycoprotein and reduce the survival of the free-living stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Veterinary Parasitology 179, 144-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.

Eguale T, Tilahun G, Debella A, Feleke A, Makonnen E. 2007. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum against Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 110, 428-433. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.003

Ferdushy T, Nejsum P, Roepstorff A, Thamsborg SM, Kyvsgaard NC. 2012. Ascaridia galli in chickens: Intestinal localization and comparison of methods to isolate the larvae within the first week of infection. Parasitology Research 111, 2273-2279. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3079-3

Fernandez Jr. TJ, Portugaliza HP, Braga FB, Vasquez EA, Acabal AD, Divina BP, Pedere WB. 2013. Effective dose (ED) and quality control studies of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) mixture of makabuhay, caimito and makahiya (MCM) as dewormer for goats against Haemonchus contortus. Asian Journal of Experimnetal Biological Sciences 4(1), 28-35. Retrieved on June 10, 2020 from

http://www.ajebs.com/vol4(1)/5.pdf

Ferreira LE, Castro PMN, Chagas ACS, França SC, Beleboni RO. 2013. In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Experimental Parasitology 143, 327-332. . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2013.03.032

Garedaghi Y. 2011. Identification of Immunogenic Relevant Antigens in the Excretory-secretory (ES) Products of Ascaridia galli Larvae. Advances in Environmental Biology 5(6), 1120-1126.

Giri BR, Bharti RR, Roy R. 2015. In vivo anthelmintic activity of Carex baccans and its active principle resveratrol against Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasitology Research 114, 785-788.

Katiki LM, Chagas ACS, Bizzo HR, Ferreira JFS, Amarante AFT. 2011. Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon martinii, Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Mentha piperita essential oils evaluated in four different in vitro tests. Veterinary Parasitology 183, 103-108.

Kumarasingha R, Preston S, Yeo TC, Lim DSL, Tu CL, Palombo EA, Shaw JM, Gasser RB, Boag PR. 2016. Anthelmintic activity of selected ethno-medicinal plant extracts on parasitic stages of Haemonchus contortus. Parasites & Vectors 9, 187.

Lone BA, Bandh SA, Chishti MZ, Bhat FA, Tak H, Nisa H. 2013.Anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia L. Tropical Animal Health and Production 49, 1597-1605.

Macedo I, Bevilaqua C, de Oliveira L, Camurca-Vasconcelos A, Morais S, Machado L, Ribeiro W. 2012. In vitro activity of Lantana camara, Alpinia zerumbet, Mentha villosa and Tagetes minuta decoctions on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Veterinary Parasitology 190, 504-509.

Nagappan R. 2012. Evaluation of aqueous and ethanol extract of bioactive medicinal plant, Cassia didymobotrya (Fresenius) Irwin & Barneby against immature stages of filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(9), 707-711.

Ramadan H, Znada N. 1992. “Morphology and life history of Ascaridia galli in the domestic fowl that are raised in Jeddah.” Journal of King Abdulaziz University 4, 87-99.

Soulsby EJL. 1982. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals, 7th Edition, Bailliere Tindall, London 164-175.

Vargas-Magaña JJ, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Aguilar-Caballero AJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H, Chan-Pérez JI. 2017. Anthelmintic activity of acetone–water extracts against Haemonchus contortus eggs: interactions between tannins and other plant secondary compounds. In: Cabardo Jr. DE, Portugaliza HP. Anthelmintic activity of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Haemonchus contortus eggs and third stage larvae. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 5, 30-34.

Waller PJ. 2006. Sustainable nematode parasite control strategies for ruminant livestock by grazing management and biological control. Animal Feed Science and Technology 126, 277-289.

Yazwinski TA, Chapman HD, Davis RB, Letonja T, Pote L, Maes L, Vercruysse J, Jacobs DE. 2003. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the effectiveness of anthelmintics in chickens and turkeys. Veterinary Parasitology 116, 159-173.

Yigezu Y, Haile DM, Ayen WY. 2014. Ethnoveterinary medicines in four districts of Jimma zone, Ethiopia: cross sectional survey for plant species and mode of use. BMC Veterinary Research 10, 76.

Zuharah WF, Ling CJ, Zulkifly N, Fadzly N. 2015. Toxicity and sub-lethal effect of endemic plants from family Anacardiaceae on oviposition behavior of Aedes albopictus. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5(8), 612.

Article source : Anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava ethanolic bark extracts against Ascaridia galli of chicken 

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Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production | InformativeBD

Meidy Harris Prayoga, Ahmad Alim Bahri, Yusuf Azis, and Emy Rahmawati, from the institute of Indonesia.  wrote a Research article about, Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production. Entitled, Land suitability evaluation to increase Hiyung cayenne pepper production at Tapin district South Kalimantan Province. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Tapin is one of the districts in South Kalimantan Province, which has a leading sector in agriculture. The agricultural sector contributed 19.6% of the total GRDP value in 2019 but could not significantly increase the regional economy, so this sector needs to be developed. In actual conditions, the yield of Hiyung cayenne pepper was only 145 ha, while the productivity has 11.01 ton ha-1. The large amount of land that has not been utilized in the Tapin Regency opens up great opportunities for agricultural extensification or expansion of planting areas. This research aims to determine the area of ​​land that is suitable and available to increase production. Matching criteria analysis was used to obtain an appropriate and available land area. The results indicated that the land suitability class for Hiyung chili in Tapin Regency was divided into 12 classes. The suitable land area available for Hiyung cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency is 60,380 ha or 28.03% of the total land area. The land suitability class for Hiyung cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency is dominated by class S3 (d, p, ch) with limiting factors in the form of drainage, pH and rainfall in Candi Laras Selatan and Candi Laras Utara subdistricts.

Read more : Deadwood, Living Value:Acacia Litter and Biodiversity in Central Tanzania | InformativeBD 

Introduction

In Tapin Regency, the agricultural sector is the primary sector that is able to absorb the most labor (BPS Kab Tapin, 2019). In a developing country, food security and environmental sustainability are two crucial factors for national growth and development (Omotade et al., 2019). The Tapin Regency BPS noted that in 2018, this sector was able to absorb 40,892 residents or 44% of the total workforce. In 2019, it was recorded that the agricultural sector was able to contribute 19.6% of the total value of GRDP but was still unable to improve the regional economy significantly, so this sector needs to be developed to become a mainstay sector.

Tapin Regency has another development potential besides the food crop sector. Cayenne pepper is one of the horticultural commodities that has a certain uniqueness. The cayenne pepper variety in question comes from Hiyung Village, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Hiyung is a local variety of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) that traditionally grown continuously at swampland of Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province.

This cayenne pepper has high productivity and good market prospect and could contribute to increase national cayenne production. This germplasm has been officially registered with the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 09/PLV/2012 dated April 12, 2012, as a Local Variety under the name Hiyung cayenne pepper. The uniqueness of this chili is the level of spiciness that exceeds the spiciness of other cayenne peppers. The results of laboratory tests in 2012 showed that the level of spiciness was the highest in Indonesia, with capsaicin levels reaching 9,400 ppm (Balai Pengawas dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, 2015). This uniqueness encourages the local government of Tapin Regency to promote it as a superior regional commodity. Promotion is directed as part of agribusiness development efforts to increase production for marketing needs outside the Tapin Regency area while maintaining sustainable food availability for the community. The actual condition of cayenne pepper productivity is still relatively low. The planting area of cayenne pepper is only 145 ha (Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Tapin, (2020). This is because cayenne pepper is grown in a limited place. Planted area, harvest and productivity of cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency in the last 5 years are shown in (Table 1). Efforts to increase production are carried out by means of agricultural extension. Extensification is offered as a management strategy to reduce the perceived negative effects of intensive agricultural management (Horrocks et al., (2014). The large amount of land that has not been utilized in Tapin Regency opens up great opportunities for agricultural extensification or expansion of planting areas. No research is directed at land planning for certain commodities, especially to determine the availability of land for cayenne pepper in Tapin Regency. Based on the background of the problems above, this study aims to compile an evaluation of land suitability for cayenne pepper in the Tapin Regency.

Reference

Addharu E, Barus B, & Kinseng RA. 2021. Land Suitability Evaluation for Pepper (piper nigrum L.) in West Lampung Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 694(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/694/1/012055

Ahmed GB, Shariff ARM, Balasundram SK, Fikri Bin Abdullah A. 2016. Agriculture land suitability analysis evaluation based multi criteria and GIS approach. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/37/1/012044

Baja S, Neswati R, Arif S. 2018. Land use and Land Suitability Assessment within The Context of Spatial Planning Regulation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 157(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012025

Balai Pengawas dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. 2015. Pendaftaran Varietas Lokal Cabai Rawit Hiyung Asal Kabupaten Tapin. Penerbit Balai Pengawas dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.

Bieganowski A, Witkowska-Walczak B, Gliński J, Sokołowska Z, Sławiński C, Brzezińska M, Włodarczyk T. 2013. Database of Polish arable mineral soils: A review. International Agrophysics 27(3), 335–350. https://doi.org/10.2478/intag-2013-0003

BPS Kab Tapin. 2019. Tapin dalam angka 2020. (first edition). Penerbit ©BPS Kabupaten Tapin/BPS-Statistics of Tapin Regency.

Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Tapin. 2020. Luas Tanam, Panen, Produksi dan Produktifitas Cabai Hiyung Tapin. Penerbit Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Tapin.

Effendy. 2011. Drainase untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Lahan Rawa. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 6(2), 39–44.

Fikrizal A. 2018. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Cabai Oioer Retrofracterum di Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam. Buana 2(2), 546–556.

Hardjowigeno S, Widiatmaka. 2017. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dan Perencanaan Tataguna Lahan (Keempat). UGM Press.

Hayati A, Hardarani N. 2019. Karakteristik Lahan dan Budidaya Cabai Rawit Hiyung: Informasi Dasar untuk Peningkatan Produksi Cabai Rawit Hiyung di Lahan Rawa Lebak 4, 57–59.

Horrocks C, Dungait J, Cardenas L, Heal K. 2014. Does extensification lead to enhanced provision of ecosystem services from soils in UK agriculture. Land Use Policy 38, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.10.023

Lawenga FF, Uswah Hasanah Widjajanto D. 2015. Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Terhadap Sifat Fisika Tanah dan HAsil Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di Desa Bulupountu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi. Agrotekbis 3(5), 564–570.

Momongan BK, Sulastriningsih HS. 2020. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Budidaya Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Annum) di Kecamatan Tompaso Kabupaten Minahasa. Episentrum 1(1), 22–28.

Murgas D De, Habana L, Bernal A, Hernández A, Mesa M, Rodríguez O, González PJ, Reyes R. 2015. Characterist of Soil and Its Limitin Factors of Regional Murgas, Havana Province 36(2), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34559.61607

Nugroho SP. 2000. Minimalisasi Lahan Kritis Melalui Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Lahan dan Konservasi Tanah dan Air Secara Terpadu. Jurnal Tanah Lingkungan 1(1), 73–82.

Omotade, Funmilola I, Alatise Olanrewaju M, Olanrewaju Olugbenga O. 2019. Growth and yield performance of hot pepper using aquaculture wastewater. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 21(2), 18–25.

Pakpahan TE. 2018. Kajian Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Cabe Merah (capsicum annum) Di Desa Nekan Kecamatan Entikong Kabupaten Sanggau Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Agrica Ekstensia 12(2), 1-7.

Pinasti W, Haitami A, Alatas A. 2020. Respon Pemberian Pupuk Petroganik dan Pupuk NPK Phonska terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum Frutescens L.) pada Tanah Ultisol. Jurnal Green Swarnadwipa 20(6), 345–353.

Pramudyani L, Sabran M, Noor A. 2019. Agronomic Performance and Nutrition Content of Hiyung as Local Variety of Cayenne Pepper [Capsicum frutescens] at Dry Land and Swamp Land of South Kalimantan Province. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 25(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v25n1.2019.p43-52

Sardiana IK, Susila D, Supadma AA, Saifulloh M. 2017. Soil Fertility Evaluation and Land Management of Dryland Farming at Tegallalang Sub-District, Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/98/1/012043

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Article source : Land suitability evaluation to increase Hiyung cayenne pepper production at Tapin district South Kalimantan Province 

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Deadwood, Living Value: Acacia Litter and Biodiversity in Central Tanzania | InformativeBD

Elkana Hezron and Julius W Nyahongo, from the institute of Tanzania.  wrote a Research article about, Deadwood, Living Value: Acacia Litter and Biodiversity in Central Tanzania. entitled, Quantification of deadwood littered by Acacia spp. in semi-arid ecosystems of central Tanzania: . This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Deadwood (DW) is an important carbon component for conservation and management of biodiversity resources. They are ubiquitous in many semi-arid ecosystems although its estimation is still posing lots of challenges. At Chimwaga woodland in Dodoma Region of Central Tanzania, seasonal quantification of DW produced by two Acacia spp. was done to evaluate the influence of each tree species, Dbh and canopy area on DW biomass and to determine their ecological role in conservation of semi-arid ecosystem. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were used in the course of a completely randomized design (CRD). Thirty trees from each species of Acacia tortilis and Acacia nilotica were studied. Results portray that DW biomass was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the dry season than in the rain season whereby A. tortilis produced 669.0 ± 135.90kg DM/ha (dry season) and only 74.3 ± 135.90kg DM/ha (rain season) while A. nilotica produced 426.1 ± 135.90kg DM/ha (dry season) and 36.5 ± 135.90kg DM/ha (rain season). DW biomass did not correlate significantly (P > 0.05) with Dbh and canopy area. Inter-specific interactions were encountered from experimental areas where DW was littered that facilitated ecosystem balance in semi-arid areas. This information is important for estimating amount of dead wood biomass required to be retained in the forest provided that, at the expense of ecology, they are refuge for arthropods, fungi, bryophytes and other important soil microbes representing primary components of Biodiversity in semi-arid ecosystems.

Read more : Biopiracy at Sea: The Emerging Threat to Marine Biodiversity | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Natural treasures and heritage such as those of semiarid areas rich in deadwood (DW) materials are rapidly utilized and depleted by living organisms globally while facing an extinction rate of about 100- 1000 times compared to the rate before 150,000 years ago of human life time (Baharul & Khan, 2010). Thousands of organisms depend on DW as an important key for biodiversity in forest ecosystems (Harmon & Sexton, 1996; Pyle & Brown, 1999). Africa and other continents such as Australia and America are comprised of such resources at large although they are faced with many challenges from anthropogenic activities (IUCN, 2017). Tanzania in East Africa is one among rich countries in terms of natural resources and biodiversity comprising semiarid woodlands (URT, 2014). Vast of Ecological, environmental and botanical studies have been done purposely to determine total area covered by forests, identify and estimate species diversity, abundance and distribution (Malimbwi & Zahabu, 2014; Monela, Chamshama, Mwaipopo, & Gamassa, 2005). Other studies are done to assess ecosystem goods and services obtained from these resources (Dharani, 2006; FAO, 2010; Monela et al., 2005; Sharam, Sinclair, Turkington, & Jacob, 2009). In disparity to the reported information, studies on DW production that estimate the biomass in semi-arid areas are scarce. Fewer research reports are available to describe the ecological importance contributed by DW and their role in biodiversity conservation for prevalence of savanna dry lands as well as sustainable use of forest products in semi-arid regions.

Earlier than 2007, many communities around the world considered DW as of less significant in the ecosystems (Stachura, Bobiec, Obidziñski, Oklejewicz, & Wolkowycki, 2007). These resources were regarded as uneconomical, obstacles to silviculture and reforestation that were reflected to a cause of abiotic disturbance that threatened the health of terrestrial ecosystems by catching fire easily (Pfeifer et al., 2015; Thomas, 2002; Travaglini et al., 2007; Travaglini & Chirici, 2006). Additionally, stumps from dead trees seemed to be source of injuries that endangered the public safety (Peterken, 1996; Thomas, 2002).

Dead Wood pieces and stumps are cleared from forests as a sanitary strategy (WWF, 2004). Collections of wood fuels increased from 243.3 million m3 (in 1990) to 313.9 million m3 (in 2005) in the Eastern and Southern African forests (Monjane, 2009). These actions lowered the quantity of DW and their ecological significance in the ecosystems (Travaglini et al., 2007). It is further reported that there were a stable quantity of harvestable DW produced from 1992/93 to 1995/96 regardless of partial variation from year to year in the African woodlands as indicated in Table 1 (Collins, 1977; Malaisse, Alexandre, Freson, Goffinet, & MalaisseMousset, 1972; Malaisse, Freson, Goffinet, & Malaisse-Mousset, 1975; Shackleton, 1998).

In recent years since 2000 up to date, conservationists have become alarmed about the role of DW in the natural ecosystems (Rondeux & Sanchez, 2009; MCPFE, 2002; Humphrey et al., 2004; Schuck, Meyer, Menke, Lier, & Lindner, 2004). Leaders in the developed and developing countries are encouraged by the WWF to call foresters, environmentalists, agriculturists and ecologists to conserve biodiversity by increasing DW in the forests to 20-30 m3/ha by 2030 (WWF, 2004; Marage & Lemperiere, 2005; Zielonka, 2006; Vandekerkhove et al., 2009; Humphrey & Bailey, 2012).

It is reported that the available information on DW production is limited to total harvestable and standing DW with scarce data on the biomass produced by DW in semi-arid ecosystems under the influence of natural factors (Malaisse et al., 1972; Collins, 1977; Shackleton, 1998; Chojnacky & Heath, 2002; WWF, 2004).

Hence, the study aimed to (1) quantify the amount of DW biomass produced by Acacia spp. during dry and rain seasons, (2) evaluate the influence of each tree species, Dbh and canopy area on DW biomass and (3) to determine the ecological role of DW in conserving biodiversity of semi-arid ecosystem through provision of nutrients to decomposers.

Reference

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Article source : Quantification of deadwood littered by Acacia spp. in semi-arid ecosystems of central Tanzania:The role of deadwood in biodiversity conservation

 

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