Mosses and More: Exploring the Bryophyte Flora of Kalikasan Park | InformativeBD

Daile Meek Salvador-Membreve, Erwin N. Baňares, and Jonathan Jaime G. Guerrero, from the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Mosses and More: Exploring the Bryophyte Flora of Kalikasan Park. Entitled, Bryophyte Flora of Kalikasan Park, Albay, Philippines. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that have ecological and medicinal value. The present study assessed the diversity and ecological status of bryophytes flora in Kalikasan Park, Albay. Sampling plots were established based on the dominant vegetation types in the Park. Collections were made in 20 x 20m in the sampling plots. A total of eight species (8) with five (5) mosses and three (3) species of liverworts were collected in all sampling areas. Microhabitats observed in the study were decayed woods, tree trunks, wet rocks and moist soils. A high index value (2.29) with evenness index of 0.996 was observed in the study area with trees having a much higher index compared to bryophytes found in fern plots. From the species, two (2) species were found to be possibly endangered with one (1) possibly near threatened of IUCN status. Also, three bryophytes found in the area were known to have medicinal value. To date, this is the first record of bryophyte flora in Kalikasan Park.

Read more : Unraveling the Genetics of Primary Congenital Glaucoma | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Bryophytes are small, photosynthetic, nonvascular and spore-bearing plants. They encompass the terrestrial plants which include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They occupy various environments from polar to arid conditions but are at their greatest abundance and diversity in tropical rainforests (Valente, Porto and Bastos, 2017). They thrive in trees, rocks, soil, logs and even surfaces of the leaf (Vanderpoorten, Papp and Gradstein, 2010). Bryophytes are known to be indicators of environmental conditions. They are indicator species for air and water quality, heavy metal contamination and climate change (Azuela et al., 2016, Carreon, 2016). Also, they provide habitat and food for arthropods and amphibians (Azuela et al., 2016). Bryophytes are therefore significant for ecological balance. Hence, assessment of bryophytes is thus important.

Kalikasan Park is a man-made forest situated at the back of the Bicol University main campus. It has a total area of ten hectares and the border lies on the Sagumayon River. It is characterized by shrubs, ferns and endemic and non-timber forest trees such as bamboo and rattan. Border areas of the Park are lined with human settlements and agricultural lands.

Infrastructure developments are occurring in the area which might pose a threat to population of bryophytes. Hence, this study aimed to document and determine ecological status of the bryophytes in the Park. This is the first account of bryophytes in the said area.

Reference

Arróniz-Crespo M, Núñez-Olivera E, Martínez-Abaigar J, Becker H, Scher J, Zapp J, Beaucourt N. 2006. Physiological changes and UV protection in the aquatic liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia along an altitudinal gradient of UV-B radiation. Functional plant biology 33, 1025-1036.

Azuelo A, Manual A, Obemio CD, Oconer E, Gubalane R, Lobredo G. Bryophyte flora of Mt. Matutum protected landscape, South Cotabato, Philippines. 2016. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 9, 1-12.

Azuelo A, Sariana L, Pabualan M. 2010. Diversity and ecological status of bryophytes in Mt. Kitanglad, Bukidnon. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 1, 49-71. Azuelo A, Sariana L, Pabualan M. 2011. Some medicinal bryophytes: their ethnobotanical uses and morphology. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 2, 49-80.

Benítez Á, Prieto M, Aragón G. 2015. Large trees and dense canopies: key factors for maintaining high epiphytic diversity on trunk bases (bryophytes and lichens) in tropical montane forests. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 88, 521-527.

Carreon H, Morales N, Cabras A, Medina MN. 2016. Preliminary list of bryophytes in Tagbaobo, Kaputian, Island Garden City of Samal, Philippines. University of Mindanao International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 1, 152-157.

Gradstein SR, Churchill SP, Salazar Allen N. 2001. Guide to the Bryophytes of Tropical America. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York.

He X, He K, Hyvönen J. 2016. Will bryophytes survive in a warming world? Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 19, 49-60.

Hespanhol H, Séneca A, Figueira R, Sérgio C. 2011. Microhabitat effects on bryophyte species richness and community distribution on exposed rock outcrops in Portugal. Plant Ecology & Diversity 4, 251-264.

Hipol R, Tolentino D, Fernando E, Dadiz NM. 2007. Life strategies of mosses in Mt. Pulag, Benguet province, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 136, 11-18.

Kato-Noguchi H, Seki T. 2010. Allelopathy of the moss Rhynchostegium pallidifolium and 3-hydroxy-β-ionone. Plant signaling & behavior 5, 702-704.

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Valente EDB, Pôrto KC, Bastos CJP. 2017. Habitat heterogeneity and diversity of bryophytes in campos rupestres. Acta Botanica Brasilica 31, 241-249.

Vanderpoorten A, Papp B, Gradstein R. 2010. Sampling of bryophytes. Manual on field recording techniques and protocols for all taxa biodiversity inventories and monitoring 340-354.

Yayintas OT, Sogut O, Konyalioglu S, Yilmaz S, Tepeli B. 2017. Antioxidant activities and chemical composition of different extracts of mosses gathered from Turkey. AgroLife Scientific Journal 6, 205-213.

 Article source : Bryophyte Flora of Kalikasan Park, Albay, Philippines 

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Unraveling the Genetics of Primary Congenital Glaucoma | InformativeBD

Muhammad Umer Khan, Wajeeha Tabassum,  Musbihul Qayyum Zia,  Raima Rehman,  Atif Amin Baig,  Sajjad Ahmed Khan and Rizwan Ahmed Kiani, from the  different institute of Pakistan and Malaysia . wrote a Resview article about, Unraveling the Genetics of Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Entitled, Genetics of primary congenital glaucoma. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) is a major risk factor for vision loss in children, which is manifested from birth to three years of age. In PCG the ocular developmental defects of the trabecular meshwork (TM) and front chamber position of eye lead to the blockage of aqueous loss and consequently an increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This results in photophobia, corneal clouding, optic nerve damage, and ultimately permanent loss of vision occurs. The incidence of PCG varies geographically. In Eastern culture, consanguineous marriages may play a role in a higher rate of PCG. Four loci of GLC3A, GLC3B, GLC3C, and 14q24.2-q24.3 to be linked to this ocular condition have been identified. Currently, mutations in two genes i.e.CYP1B1 at GLC3A locus, which encodes cytochrome P4501B1, and LTBP2 at GLC3D locus, which encodes LTBP2is known to cause PCG.CYP1B1 comprises of 3 exons encoding a 543 amino acid protein. CYPIBI is a gene that belongs to the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyse many reactions involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, other lipids, and drug metabolism. A lot of mutations have been reported in CYP1B1, which results in the form of PCG.

Read more : Coastal Livelihoods and Resource Use: Community Perspectives from San Jose, Gonzaga | InformativeBD

Introduction

Worldwide, glaucoma is the 2nd leading cause of blindness if it’s left untreated (Hazin et al. 2009). Glaucoma is a collection of optic neuropathies(Quigley et al. 2006). The mark of glaucoma is the hourglass pattern of optic nerve atrophy combined with preferential loss of the more giant ganglion cells of the retina(Schlamp et al. 2006). Anomalies in the conformation or structure of iridocorneal angle may limit the outflow of aqueous humour and make a rise in IOP, which is a primary cause for developing glaucoma (Lewis et al. 2017).

It is currently considered that a variety of etiological factors, acting individually or in a multifactorial fashion, are capable of triggering pathogenetic cascades leading to these lesions. Almost in all types of glaucoma, the drainage system of the eyes becomes blocked, so the intraocular fluid can’t drain. As fluids accumulate, it makes the pressure inside the eye. High pressure in the eye harms the sensitive part of the optic nerve and affects the vision loss.

The syndrome is classified based on analysis, the structure of the front chamber, and the age of onset. Classification of primary forms of glaucoma is done based onthe structure of front chamber as Primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG), primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG) Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), (Firasat 2008). POAG was positioned at GLC1A on chromosome 1. MYOC is present at GLC1A, which encodes myocilin protein. Disease linked changes of myocilin generally arise in the infantile or adult form of POAG by increasing level of Intraocular pressure (IOP). In people of adults with POAG, the existence of myocilin alters from 3%-5% (Kwon et al. 2009). In Western populations, Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common and possibly other communities (Ali et al. 2009, Olawoye et al. 2013).

In PACG, several genes are involved, like myocilin (Rose et al. 2007) optineurin (Shastry 2013) and tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) repeat domain 36 (GLC1G)(Monemi et al. 2005)are linked with the autosomal dominant trait. Only 10% of glaucoma is caused by this type(Mandal et al. 2006).PACG is responsible for the most bilateral glaucoma-induced blindness in Singapore, China, and India (Cyrlin 2014, Suri et al. 2015).

Primary congenital glaucoma(PCG) occurs before 3 years of age without any structural defect of the eye(Abu-Amero et al. 2017). PCG is an autosomal recessive disorder with onset at newborn or early juvenile age.

It is affected by developing deficiencies in the trabecular meshwork, and the front cavity angle results in the blockage of aqueous drainage and leads to raised intraocular pressure (Kaur et al. 2011). A comparison of a normal eye and glaucoma eye has been shown in Fig.1(2019).

The covering of the juvenile eye is flexible; it stretches in response to the elevated intraocular pressure that results in an enlarged globe (Chan et al. 2015). Primary Congenital Glaucoma is bilateral in 70 % of patients (Mcculley 2015).

Reference

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Abu-Amero KK, Edward DP. 2017. Primary congenital glaucoma.GeneReviews® [Internet]. University of Washington, Seattle.

Akarsu AN, Turacli ME, Aktan SG, Barsoum-Homsy M, Chevrette L, Sayli BS, Sarfarazi M. 1996. A second locus (GLC3B) for primary congenital glaucoma (Buphthalmos) maps to the 1p36 region. Hum Mol Genet 5, 1199-1203.

Ali M, Mckibbin M, Booth A, Parry DA, Jain P, Riazuddin SA, Hejtmancik JF, Khan SN, Firasat S, Shires M. 2009. Null mutations in LTBP2 cause primary congenital glaucoma. The American Journal of Human Genetics 84, 664-671.

Badeeb OM, Micheal S, Koenekoop RK, Den Hollander AI, Hedrawi MT. 2014. CYP1B1 mutations in patients with primary congenital glaucoma from Saudi Arabia. BMC medical genetics 15, 109.

Campos-Mollo E, López-Garrido MP, Blanco-Marchite C, Garcia-Feijoo J, Peralta J, Belmonte-Martínez J, Ayuso C, Escribano J. 2009. CYP1B1 mutations in Spanish patients with primary congenital glaucoma: phenotypic and functional variability. Molecular vision 15, 417.

Chan JYY, Choy BN, Ng AL, Shum JW. 2015. Review on the management of primary congenital glaucoma. Journal of current glaucoma practice 9, 92.

Chitsazian F, Tusi BK, Elahi E, Saroei HA, Sanati MH, Yazdani S, Pakravan M, Nilforooshan N, Eslami Y, Mehrjerdi MAZ.  2007. CYP1B1 mutation profile of Iranian primary congenital glaucoma patients and associated haplotypes. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 9, 382-393.

Cyrlin MN. 2014. Primary and secondary angle-closure glaucomas.Clinical Glaucoma Care.Springer 287-322.

Dimasi D, Hewitt A, Straga T, Pater J, Mackinnon J, Elder J, Casey T, Mackey D, Craig J. 2007. Prevalence of CYP1B1 mutations in Australian patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Clinical genetics 72, 255-260.

El Akil S, Melki R, Belmouden A. 2014. Genetic heterogeneity in Moroccan primary congenital glaucoma patients. Life Science of Journal 11, 890-898.

Faiq MA, Dada R, Qadri R, Dada T. 2015. CYP1B1-mediated pathobiology of primary congenital glaucoma. Journal of current glaucoma practice 9, 77.

Firasat S. 2008. Genetic Basis of Glaucoma in Pakistani Families University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan.

Firasat S, Kaul H, Ashfaq UA, Idrees S. 2018. In silico analysis of five missense mutations in CYP1B1 gene in Pakistani families affected with primary congenital glaucoma. International ophthalmology 38, 807-814.

Firasat S, Riazuddin SA, Hejtmancik JF, Riazuddin S. 2008. Primary congenital glaucoma localizes to chromosome 14q24. 2-24.3 in two consanguineous Pakistani families. Molecular vision 14, 1659.

Firasat S, Riazuddin SA, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. 2008. Novel CYP1B1 mutations in consanguineous Pakistani families with primary congenital glaucoma. Molecular vision 14, 2002.

Garway-Heath DF. 2008. Early diagnosis in glaucoma. Progress in brain research 173, 47-57.

Garway-Heath DF, Crabb DP, Bunce C, Lascaratos G, Amalfitano F, Anand N, Azuara-Blanco A, Bourne RR, Broadway DC, Cunliffe IA. 2015. Latanoprost for open-angle glaucoma (UKGTS): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 385, 1295-1304.

Girgis NM, Frantz KA. 2007. A case of primary congenital glaucoma: A diagnostic dilemma. Optometry-Journal of the American Optometric Association 78, 167-175.

Guercio JR, Martyn LJ. 2007. Congenital malformations of the eye and orbit. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 40, 113-140.

Hazin R, Hendrick AM, Kahook MY. 2009. Primary open-angle glaucoma: diagnostic approaches and management. Journal of the National Medical Association 101, 46-50.

Hollander DA, Sarfarazi M, Stoilov I, Wood IS, Fredrick DR, Alvarado JA. 2006. Genotype and phenotype correlations in congenital glaucoma: CYP1B1 mutations, goniodysgenesis, and clinical characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol 142, 993-1004. e1002.

Kaur K, Mandal AK, Chakrabarti S. 2011. Primary congenital glaucoma and the involvement of CYP1B1. Middle East African journal of ophthalmology 18, 7.

Kwon YH, Fingert JH, Kuehn MH, Alward WL. 2009. Primary open-angle glaucoma. New England Journal of Medicine 360, 1113-1124.

Kyari F, Entekume G, Rabiu M, Spry P, Wormald R, Nolan W, Murthy GV, Gilbert C. E. 2015. A Population-based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in Nigeria: results from the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. BMC ophthalmology 15, 176.

Lewis CJ, Hedberg-Buenz A, Deluca AP, Stone EM, Alward WLM, Fingert JH. 2017. Primary congenital and developmental glaucomas. Human Molecular Genetics 26, R28-R36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddx205.

Li N, Zhou Y, Du L, Wei M, Chen X. 2011. Overview of Cytochrome P450 1B1 gene mutations in patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Experimental eye research 93, 572-579.

Mahar P, Memon AS, Bukhari S, Bhutto IA. 2012. Outcome of Mitomycin-C Augmented Trabeculectomy in Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 28.

Mandal AK, Chakrabarti D. 2011. Update on congenital glaucoma. Indian journal of ophthalmology 59, S148.

Mandal AK, Netland PA, Gothwal VK. 2006. The pediatric glaucomas.Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.

Mcculley T. 2015. Role of Intracranial pressure in glaucoma. NANOS/AGS Collaborative Session Glaucoma: The Other Optic Neuropathy 513.

Medina‐Trillo C, Ferre‐Fernández JJ, Aroca‐Aguilar JD, Bonet‐Fernández JM, Escribano J. 2016. Functional characterization of eight rare missense CYP 1B1 variants involved in congenital glaucoma and their association with null genotypes. Acta ophthalmologica 94, e555-e560.

Minckler DS, Baerveldt G, Alfaro MR, Francis BA. 2005. Clinical results with the Trabectome for treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 112, 962-967.

Monemi S, Spaeth G, Dasilva A, Popinchalk S, Ilitchev E, Liebmann J, Ritch R, Héon E, Crick RP, Child A. 2005. Identification of a novel adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) gene on 5q22. 1. Hum Mol Genet 14, 725-733.

Mookherjee S, Acharya M, Banerjee D, Bhattacharjee A, Ray K. 2012. Molecular basis for involvement of CYP1B1 in MYOC upregulation and its potential implication in glaucoma pathogenesis. PloS one 7, e45077.

Olawoye O, Fawole OI, Teng CC, Ritch R. 2013. Evaluation of community eye outreach programs for early glaucoma detection in Nigeria. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ) 7, 1753.

Ou Z, Liu G, Liu W, Deng Y, Zheng L, Zhang SG, Feng JBR. 2018. Bioinformatics analysis of CYP1B1 mutation hotspots in Chinese primary congenital glaucoma patients 38, BSR20180056.

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Quigley HA, Broman AT. 2006. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. British journal of ophthalmology 90, 262-267.

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Stoilov I, Akarsu AN, Sarfarazi M. 1997. Identification of three different truncating mutations in cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) as the principal cause of primary congenital glaucoma (Buphthalmos) in families linked to the GLC3A locus on chromosome  2 p 21. Hum Mol Genet 6, 641-647.

Stoilov I, Sarfarazi M. 2002. The third genetic locus (GLC3C) for primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) maps to chromosome 14q24. 3. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43, 3015-3015.

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Yihong H. 2014. Study progress in the relationship of CYP1B1 gene mutation with primary open angle glaucoma. Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 32, 654-658.

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Zhao Y, Wang S, Sorenson CM, Teixeira L,  Dubielzig R, Peters DM, Conway SJ, Jefcoate CR, Sheibani N. 2013. Cyp1b1 mediates periostin regulation of trabecular meshwork development by suppression of oxidative stress. Molecular and cellular biology 33, 4225-4240.

Article source : Genetics of primary congenital glaucoma  

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Coastal Livelihoods and Resource Use: Community Perspectives from San Jose, Gonzaga | InformativeBD

Gerlie B. Hardy, from the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Coastal Livelihoods and Resource Use: Community Perspectives from San Jose, Gonzaga. entitled, Socio-economic component, coastal resource use and perception, and participation of the coastal communities/fishing households in San Jose, Gonzaga, Cagayan. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The study generally identified and analyzed the socio-economic status, coastal resource use, and perception and community participation of coastal communities of the community of San Jose in Gonzaga, Cagayan. The research conducted interviews based on questionnaires and used a descriptive survey as the research design. Thirty-seven respondents were interviewed and most of them are members of San Jose Fisher folk Association. It revealed that most have low levels of education, with fishing as the main source of income for the residents. This dominance of fishing is a major economic factor contributing to the income of the community. The fishing activities are not only limited to marine waters but also to estuary areas where mangroves thrive. Meanwhile, due to climate change and resource-dependent communities, today, benefits derived from coastal environments are limited since there were some changes observed in fishing ground location, the volume of catch, size of fish, coral reef, mangroves, and beaches. Generally, it implies that a full understanding of socio-economic characteristics, coastal resource use, and perception of the coastal community of Barangay San Jose play important roles in the coastal resource restoration and management plans. Also, these help to understand the underlying causes of degradation and interventions needed in the community.

Read more : Bee Efficiency in Action: Chalicodoma cincta Pollination of Pigeon Pea in Chad | InformativeBD 

Introduction 

Mangrove forest is considered a highly productive ecosystem that offers important economic and ecological goods and services (Zakaria and Rajpar, 2015). It is a natural barrier to reduce the devastating impact of natural disasters such as tsunamis, typhoons, and storm surges. Also, it provides breeding and nursing grounds for marine and pelagic species and helps stabilize shorelines. Other ecological benefits are providing medicine, food, building materials for local communities, and fuel. In the country, the current estimates of mangrove forest are less than half of what it once was and this remaining is in a degraded condition. These forests are the least concerned and often over-utilized by human communities (Haritha et al., 2017) and the continued decline of the forest is caused by conversion to aquaculture, agriculture, tourism, urban development, and deforestation. Mangrove forest has been declining at a faster rate as compared to coral reefs and inland tropical forests.

In Cagayan, there are 3,967.9 hectares of mangrove area which are distributed throughout the municipalities of Aparri, Calayan, Abulug, Buguey, Gonzaga, Claveria, Sta. Ana, Pamplona, Santa Teresita, and Sanchez Mira (EQ. Pasion; BT. Tumaliuan, 2015). Mangrove area harbors at least 14 species of true mangrove and this is 35% of the country’s mangrove plant species. Particularly, in Gonzaga, the status of the mangrove forest is poor with an average of 25% living mangrove. Most of the areas manifested heavy erosion, severe cutting, and siltation particularly observed in Barangays San Jose and Caroan, where the largest tracts of mangrove forest in the municipality are located (Pasion and Tumaliuan, 2015). The degradation of mangrove forests possesses negative consequences on ecology, disaster preparation and control, livelihood, biodiversity, livelihood, and the living condition of people in coastal areas. With this, restoration and conservation of mangrove forests in these coastal communities are essential. According to Lewis (2009), successful mangrove forest restoration requires careful analyses of a number of factors in advance of attempting actual restoration. A wide variety of restoration techniques have been developed; however, the most critical point is to fit restoration efforts with the local biological and physical settings, selecting the right location and the right species (Lavieren et al., 2012). The ecological aspects of mangrove restoration must also be coupled with considering the local community that has specific socio-economic conditions. A full understanding of the socio-economic status of the community can help the goal of restoration and can guide the management plans of the study. Interviews with local people may help to understand what are the underlying causes of degradation-even to researchers from exact sciences these socio-economic surveys are very important, as they are the only source of retrospective information. The study identified and analyzed the socio-economic status and ecological status of coastal communities of Barangay San Jose in Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines, and their dependency on the floral and faunal resources of water. This baseline and ecological information are a basic and prerequisite tool that can be incorporated into a resource management context by recommending interventions that address the underlying factors behind coastal resource degradation.

Reference

Cinner J. 2000. “Socioeconomic influences on coastal resource use in Mahahual, Mexico (Master’s thesis, University  of Rhode Island).

Eaton E, Burton H, Steer MD, Belle EMS. 2009. “A Socio-economic study of mangrove perceptions and Management in the bay of Antsiranana: Ambalisakely, Abalibabe, Andohazompona, Ampasirikely and Antsisikala,” Frontier Madagascar Environmental Research Report Society for Environmental Exploration, UK.

Haritha M, Nisha KAS, Sekhar PR. 2017. “A study on mangrove ecology and socio-economic status of fishing communities in coringa region of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India,” International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, IV 1, pp. 01-04,

Lavieren HV, Spalding M, Alongi D, Kainuma M, Godt MC, Adeel Z. 2012. “Securing the Future of Mangroves, A Policy Brief. United Nations University. Institute for Water, Environmental and Health, Hamilton, Canada pp. 1-53.

Lewis RR. 2009. “Methods and criteria for successful mangrove forest restoration. Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach,” Elsevier pp. 787-800,

Martinuzzi S, Gould WA, Lugo AE, Medina E. 2009. “Conversion and Recovery of Puerto Rican mangroves: years of change,” Forest Ecology and Management, CCLVII(1), pp.75-84,

Pacris FA, Jr Bayani GU, Baloloy MV. 2020. Bio-physical and chemical assessment of Mangrove waters in  Gonzaga, Cagayan, International Journal of Biosciences XVI(6), pp. 241-248.

Pasion EQ, Tumaliuan BT. 2015. “State of the Mangroves in Cagayan,” Mangrove Proceedings pp. 55-58.

Tietze U. 2004. “Technical and socio-economic characteristics of small-scale coastal fishing communities, and opportunities for poverty alleviation and empowerment,” FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1111. Rome, Italy.

Zakaria M., Rajpar M. 2015. “Assessing the fauna diversity of Marudu Bay mangrove forest, Sabah, Malaysia, for future Conservation,” Diversity, VII 2, pp. 137-148,

Article source : Socio-economic component, coastal resource use and perception, and participation of thecoastal communities/fishing households in San Jose, Gonzaga, Cagayan

 

 

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Bee Efficiency in Action: Chalicodoma cincta Pollination of Pigeon Pea in Chad | InformativeBD

Clautin Ningatoloum,  Guiguindibaye Madjimbe,  Sidonie Fameni Tope, and Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, from the institute of Cameroon. wrote a Research article about, Bee Efficiency in Action: Chalicodoma cincta Pollination of Pigeon Pea in Chad. Entitled, Pollination efficiency of Chalicodoma cincta (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) flowers at Doyaba (Sarh, Chad). This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and EnvironmentalSciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

To evaluate Chalicodoma cincta impact on pod and seed yields of Cajanus cajan, its foraging and pollinating activities were studied in Doyaba, during the rainy season of 2015 and 2016. Each year, treatments included flowers accessible to all visitors, bagged flowers to avoid insect visitors, bagged  flowers using gauze bags destined to be visited exclusively by C. cincta and bagged flowers destined to opening and closing without the visit of insects or any other organism. For each year of study, observations were made on 1028 ± 90 flowers per treatment. Chalicodoma cincta daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behaviour on flowers and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. On flowers, individual bees intensely harvested exclusively nectar. The fruiting rate, the number of seeds per pod and the percentage of normal seeds of unprotected flowers were significantly higher than those of flowers protected from insects. Through its pollination efficiency, C. cincta provoked a significant increment of the fruiting rate by 21.40% and 7.55%, the number of seeds per pod by 16.69% and 14.96% and the percentage of normal seeds by 32.95% in 2015 and 36.30% in 2016 respectively. The Conservation of C. cincta nests close to C. cajan fields is recommended to improve pod and seed productions in the region.

Read more : Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Putranjiva roxburghi | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Several plant species depend on insect pollinators for their reproduction; in agro ecosystems, these pollinators have a great ecological and economic importance because they influence positively the plant production (McGregor, 1976; Philippe, 1991; Tchuenguem, 2005). Cajanus cajan is an ideal pulse crop of rainfed tropics and subtropics (Saxena et al., 2002). Its grows up right to 4 m (Niyonkuru, 2002).

The leaves are generally trifoliate; flower is pink, but can vary from white to red (ICRISAT, 1981) and produces nectar and pollen which attract insects (Grewal et al., 1990; Saxena et al., 1990; Reddy et al., 2004; Sarah et al., 2010).

Indian is the largest producers of pigeon pea in the world (Kimani, 2000). The fruit is a pod containing four raw of seven seeds (Pando et al., 2011b). Seeds contain 21 to 30% proteins important for human’s diets (Sharma and Green, 1980; Gupta et al., 2001; Saxena et al., 2002). Cajanus cajan flowers were reported to produce fewer seeds per pod in the absence o f insect pollinators in Great Britain (Kendall and Smith, 1976) and in Cameroon (Pando et al., 2011b).

The research conducted in the United Stated of America (Grewal et al., 1990; Ibarra-Perez et al., 1999) and in Cameroon (Pando, 2012; Mazi, 2015) has revealed that bees of the genus Chalicodoma and Megachile visits C. cajan flowers and collect nectar and pollen. In Chad, the quantity of Ca. cajan available to consumers is very low, the demand for pigeon pea seeds is high, and its pod and seed yields are weak because notably of the insufficiency of knowledge on its relationships with anthophilous insects in general and C. cincta in particular. Therefore, it is important to investigate how the production of this plant could be increased in Chad. Prior to these studies, no previous research has been reported on the interactions between Ca. cajan and insects in Chad. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the relationships between C. cajan and C. cincta, for their optimal management in this country. Specific objectives are to: (a) study the activity of this Megachilidae on C. cajan flowers, (b) evaluate the impact of flowering insects including Ch. cincta on pollination and fruit and seed yields of this Fabaceae, (c) estimate the pollination efficiency of C. cincta on this plant species.

Reference

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Madjimbé G. 2013. Impacts biologiques et écologiques du feu contrôlé sur la végétation et le sol dans la forêt de Guirkouh, au sud du Tchad. Thèse de Doctorat Ph.D, Université de Ouagadougou, 16.

Mazi S, Tchuenguem FFN, Brückner D. 2014. Foraging and pollination behavior of Chalicodoma rufipes L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp. (Fabaceae) flowers at Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 4, 77– 88.

Mazi S. 2015. Foraging and pollination behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii and Chalicodoma rufipes on Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae) and Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) flowers at Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). Thesis of Doctorate/Ph. D., Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, 135.

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Népidé NC, Tchuenguem FFN. 2016. Pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) flowers at Dang, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. International Journal of Biosciences 9, 75– 88.

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Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Tamesse JL. 2011a. Foraging and pollination behaviour of Xylocopa calens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Phaseolus coccineus L. (Fabaceae) flowers at Yaoundé (Cameroon). Journal of Entomological Research 41, 185– 193.

Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Tamesse JL. 2011b. Pollination and yield responses of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) to the foraging activity of Chalicodoma cincta cincta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 11, 1346– 1357.

Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Tamesse JL. 2013. Activité de butinage et de pollinisation de Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius 1787 (Hymenoptera : Apidae) sur les fleurs de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 1843 (Fabaceae) à Yaoundé-Cameroun. Entomologie faunistique 66, 47– 59.

Pando JB, Tchuenguem FFN, Djonwangwé D, Tamesse JL. 2014. The importance of single floral visit of Chalicodoma rufipes L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the pollination and yield of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 1843 (Fabaceae) in Cameroon. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 4, 179– 187.

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Saxena KB, Kumar RV. 2010. Insect aided natural out-crossing in four wild relatives of pigeon pea. Euphytica 17, 3329– 3335.

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Tchuenguem FFN. 2005. Activité de butinage et de pollinisation d’Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae) sur les fleurs de trois plantes à Ngaoundéré (Cameroun): Callistemon rigidus (Myrtaceae), Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum (Myrtaceae) et Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae). Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, Université de Yaoundé I, 103.

Tchuenguem FFN, Messi J, Brückner D, Bouba B, Mbofung G, Hentchoya HJ. 2004. Foraging and pollination behaviour of the African honey bee (Apis mellifera adansonii) on Callistemon rigidus flowers at Ngaoundéré (Cameroon). Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 4, 133– 140.

Tchuenguem FFN, Djonwangwé D, Messi JL, Brückner D. 2009a. Activité de butinage et de pollinisation d’ Apis mellifera adansonii sur les fleurs de Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae) à Ngaoundéré (Cameroun). Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology 5, 1– 9.

Tchuenguem FFN, Ngakou A, Kegni BS. 2009b. Pollination and yield responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to the foraging activity of Apis mellifera adansonii (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at Ngaoundéré (Cameroon). African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 1988– 1996.

Article source : Pollination efficiency of Chalicodoma cincta (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) flowers at Doyaba (Sarh, Chad)  

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Fruit Peel Power: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Putranjiva roxburghi | InformativeBD

Md. Mahmudul Hasan,  Most. Sayla Tasmin,  Md Abu Reza, and Ariful Haque, from the institute of Bangladesh. wrote a Research article about, Fruit Peel Power: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Putranjiva roxburghi. Entitled, Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. fruit peel. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences| IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae) has long been used in folk treatment. Considering this folkloric background, this study was designed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of P. roxburghii fruit peel (PRFP) enthanolic (95%) extract. Antioxidant activity was checked based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity. Antibacterial aptitude of PRFP was assessed using disc diffusion assay against two bacterial strains Bacillus subtelis and Enterobacter xiangfangensis. Disc diffusion assay was performed with three different PRFP doses (250, 500, and 1000 µg/disc). PRFP showed excellent antioxidant activity with 17.3 µg/mL IC50 (concentration that scavenged 50% DPPH radical) value. In antibacterial test, PRFP inhibited growth both of B. subtelis and E. xiangfangensis by revealing inhibition zone in dose-dependent fashion. Overall, PRFP is a rich source of pharmaceutical agents in terms of antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Read more : Mining and Health:Community Views from Claver, Surigao del Norte | InformativeBD

Introduction

Several factors such as environmental pollutants, radiation, chemicals, and toxins stimulate physiological and biochemical processes in cells of living organism and lead to generate free radicals. This generates an imbalance in the formation and neutralization of prooxidants that subsequently seek steadiness through electron pairing with biological macromolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins leading to oxidative stress in the physiological system (Al-Abd et al., 2015; Hasan et al., 2018; Joty et al., 2019). These adverse conditions cause lipid peroxidation as well as protein or DNA damage or both in human body cells. Subsequently, cellular damage provokes aging and several chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer as well as inflammatory, cardiovascular, and other degenerative diseases in humans (Al-Abd et al., 2015). However, antioxidant compounds from plant origin have the ability to halt these free radicals. The plant derived antioxidants have been reported to be composed of phenolic (such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tocopherols) and nitrogen compounds (amines, amino acids, chlorophyll derivatives, and alkaloids) as well as ascorbic acid and carotenoids (Velioglu et al., 1998). These natural antioxidants are being used in traditional medicine because of minimal side effects as well as carcinogenicity of the synthetic antioxidants (Al-Abd et al., 2015, Al-Rifai et al., 2017).

Plants are one of the most promising sources of valuable medicinal agents in traditional medicine practices from the very beginning of human civilization worldwide. Moreover, medicinal plants are rich source of antimicrobial agents. The rising resistance of bacteria to antibiotics poses a considerable challenge when fighting against infectious diseases caused by bacteria (Raza et al., 2012; Bandara et al., 2018). Therefore, utilization of plant extracts and their isolated compounds as efficient agents against microorganisms has been increased (Hassine et al., 2014). Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae) is widely grown in Bangladesh, India, Indochina, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand (Hasan et al., 2019). It is locally known as “Putranjiv” in Bangladesh. The seed of this plant is a good source of a trypsin inhibitor (Chaudhary et al., 2008), and a thermostable glycosyl hydrolase family 1 enzyme with β-D-glucosidase and β-D-galactosidase activities (Patel et al., 2012). The leaves of this plant have been reported to be spread over the floor of maternity room for an easy delivery (Singh and Bisht, 1999). This plant has long been traditionally used for the treatment of arthralgia, fever, muscle pain, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, and inflammation (Boonyaprapat and Chokechaicharoenporn, 1999; Phuphathanaphong, 2006; Reanmongkol et al., 2009). Moreover, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study of fruit peel of this plant demonstrated that a total of 25 compounds are present having a wide range of bioactivity including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-noceptive, anti-convulsant, anti-depressive, antitrypanosomal, anti-fungal, anti-viral analgesic, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, anthelmintic, wound healing, mosquito repellent, trypanocidal sedative, hypocholesterolemic, insecticide, insectifuge, chemo-preventive, pesticidal, and cytotoxic (Hasan et al., 2019).

Hence, considering the information mentioned above, this study was designed to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activity of P. roxburghii fruit peel extract (PRFP).

Reference

Al-Abd NM, Nor ZM, Mansor M, Azhar F, Hasan MS, Kassim M. 2015. Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 15, 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0914-y

Al-Rifai A, Aqel A, Al-Warhi T, Wabaidur SM, Al-Othman ZA, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY. 2017. Antibacterial, antioxidant activity of ethanolic plant extracts of some Convolvulus species and their DART-ToF-MS profiling. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5694305

Bandara KR, Padumadasa C, Peiris DC. 2018. Potent antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic activities of extracts from Passiflora suberosa L. leaves. PeerJ 6, e4804. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4804

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Chaudhary NS, Shee C, Islam A, Ahmad F, Yernool D, Kumar P, Sharma AK. 2008. Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from Putranjiva roxburghii seeds. Phytochemistry 69(11), 2120-2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.002

Hasan MM, Hasan R, Al Mahmud MR, Islam MG. 2018. Protective effect of Citrus macroptera fruit pulp juice rendering Nrf2-pathway against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 8(12), 67-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.81209

Hasan MM, Mahmud MRA, Islam MG. 2019. GC-MS Analysis of Bio-active Compounds in Ethanol Extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Fruit Peel. Pharmacognosy Journal 11(1), 146-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.1.24

Hassine M, Zardi-Berguaoui A, Znati M, Flamini G, Ben Jannet H, Hamza MA. 2014. Chemical composition, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from the flowers of Tunisian Convolvulus althaeoides L. Natural Product Research 28(11), 769-775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2013.879476

Joty FA, Hasan MM, Khatun R, Billah MM, Miah MM, Mahmud S, Reza MA, Ferdousi Z. 2019. Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of three plant species from Morus genus. International Journal of Bioscience 14(2), 183-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/14.2.183-189

Khan FA, Hussain I, Farooq S, Ahmad M, Arif M, Rehman IU. 2011. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle–East Journal of Scientific Research 8(3), 575-578.

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Okwu DE, Okwu ME. 2004. Chemical composition of Spondias mombin Linn. Plant parts. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 6(2), 140-147.

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Patel GK, Kar B, Sharma AK. 2012. Characterization of a thermostable family 1 Glycosyl Hydrolase enzyme from Putranjiva roxburghii seeds. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 166(3), 523-535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9445-2

Phuphathanaphong L. 2006. Flor a of Thailand Euphorbiaceae. National Herb Nederland 336, 1877-1887.

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Reanmongkol W, Noppapan T, Subhadhirasakul S. 2009. Antinociceptive, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Leaf extract in experimental animals. Journal of Natural Medicine 63(3), 290-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-009-0336-6

Singh H, Bisht GS. 1999. Some novel folk treatments among the Tribes of Uttar Pradesh. Ancient Science of Life 18(3-4), 250-253.

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Article source : Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. fruit peel 

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Mining and Health: Community Views from Claver, Surigao del Norte | InformativeBD

Sunshine Rose N. Dave, Jessel A. Basadre, Edly Nouvee M. Lastra, Ian S. Umpil, and Mauricio S. Adlaon, from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Mining and Health: Community Views from Claver, Surigao del Norte. Entitled, Exploring community perspective on mining activities and respiratory health in Claver Surigao Del Norte, Philippines. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The municipality of Claver is essentially a mining reservation due to it’s richness in mineral resources. The process of removing valuable earthly minerals and other materials is known as mining. This is viewed as one of the primary economic endeavors that propel economies across the globe and it is being considered by economic planners as a key industry for economic advancement in the Philippines nowadays. However, in any case, mining has been associated with health problems caused by environmental exposure to mine squander, particularly in countries where minerals extraction is made. The study used the qualitative approach to examine community perspectives, experiences towards the positive and negative effects of mining activities to the host and neighboring communities. The participants consisting of 34 were instructed to use an open-ended, semi-structured interview guide to respond to the questions. The results of the interview were transcribed, translated from Sinurigaonon dialect into English language. Moreover, data gathered was carefully examined using thematic coding analysis. It is apparent that the contribution of mining industry to economic development cannot be denied, but its source of environmental pollution and health impact were also recognized wherein there is significant evidence that mining has an adverse short-term effect on the respiratory health of the inhabitant living proximity to the mining site. And as to the significant role of SDMP implemented by mining companies were significantly addressed to the affected community to minimize the negative externalities impacted by the mining activities. By reason of, mining can play a major part in ethical and economic improvement in such ways they can coordinate their objectives with societal values in order to cultivate the financial extension and improvement of the affected areas.

Read more : Gmelina arborea: AVersatile Tree for Agroforestry and Medicine | InformativeBD 

Introduction

The process of removing valuable earthly minerals and other materials is known as mining. This is viewed as one of the primary economic endeavors that propel economies across the globe (Abraham, 2015). It is being considered by economic planners as a key industry for economic advancement in the Philippines today (De Alban et al., 2004). Suggesting the foreseeable progression in innovation and innovative items, the requests for minerals resources are expanding and thus the require for mining exercises to meet these requests (Abraham, 2015). Historically, in any case, mining has been linked to health issues due to environmental exposure to waste from mines, especially in developing nations (De Cássia Canedo Oliveira Borges et al., 2016). In mining locales, inquire almost on the determinants of respiratory prosperity overwhelmingly centers on exposures to open discuss examine toxins deriving from mining operations (Dietler et al., 2021). Introduction to tidy can be short-term or long-term and can cause respiratory wellbeing issues extending from intense to persistent (Mamuya et al., 2007; Nelson, 2013; Nkrumah and Yaw, 2005).

From the point of view by Litvinenko (2020), the mining sector contributes significantly to the nation's economy and is crucial to its growth economically (Firozjaei et al., 2021). Meanwhile, due to its riches in minerals, the town of Claver is essentially a mining reservation (Claver, Surigao Del Norte Philippines, n.d.). These have played a substantial role in the development of the community of Clavernons, specifically the people in the host mining community. On the other hand, like all businesses, mining has both benefits and dangers for the individuals occupying in communities where minerals are found. The residential proximity to the mining sites may brought public health challenges, much especially to those people who are vulnerable to any outdoor air pollutants of mining operations may produce.

Despite extensive research using quantitative approach related to mining impact and human health, there is significantly the absence of qualitative research exploring the opinions of locals, or communities about the health effects of mining, more specifically, among the mining communities closest to the vicinity of the mining site. Therefore, this study was conducted to examines community perspectives on the relationship between mining activities and respiratory well -being, and the role of Social Development and Management Program (SDMP) towards sustainable mining practices, thus requires into account the health concerns of the surrounding communities, focusing special regard to vulnerable populations like children, elderly, expectant mothers, and rural inhabitants living therein, Claver Surigao Del Norte, Philippines.

The study aimed to conduct a qualitative survey to examine community perspectives on the relationship between mining and respiratory well-being of the mining communities in Claver, Surigao Del Norte, Philippines.

Reference

Bio FY, Sadhra S, Jackson C, Burge PS. 2010. Respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment in underground gold miners in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v41i2.55292

De Alban JD, Bernabe C, Paz BD. 2004. Analyzing mining as a threat to forests and sustainable development. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4825.3762

De Cássia Canedo Oliveira Borges R, Júnior JCB, De Oliveira FB, Brunherotti MA, Quemelo PRV. 2016. Evaluation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in pyrochlore mine workers. Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562015000000221

Dietler D, Loss G, Farnham A, De Hoogh K, Fink G, Utzinger J, Winkler MS. 2021. Housing conditions and respiratory health in children in mining communities: An analysis of data from 27 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106591

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Article source : Exploring community perspective on mining activities and respiratory health in Claver Surigao Del Norte, Philippines 

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