Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii): A Rich Source of Beneficial Fatty Acids | InformativeBD

 

Shahin Aziz, from the institute of Bangladesh. wrote a Research article about, Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii): A Rich Source of Beneficial Fatty Acids. Entitled, Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng.: An opulent source of fatty acid. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Murraya koenigii L., a medicinal plant utilized in traditional folk medicine, possesses anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory attributes and also is widely used for the treatment of hemorrhoids, itching, leukoderma, and hematological disorders. From the present work, total 8 fatty acids were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass PSpectrometry (GC-MS) technique where the level of saturation in the fatty acid derived from the petroleum ether extract of the aerial section of Murraya koenigii L. is significantly higher compared to unsaturated part. The saturated portion includes capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and arachidic acid while palmitic acid is obtained at higher concentration (35.07%). Conversely the unsaturated portion comprises oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid where oleic acid covers a significant concentration (17.31%). In connection to the above findings, the current study indicates that the significant presence of fatty acids such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, α-Linolenic acid may contribute to the recognition of the potential pharmacological significance of this plant in the treatment of illnesses.

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Introduction

Plant parts such as the flower, leave, root; bark, seed, and fruit have been used in herbal and ayurvedic medicine since time immemorial (Basit et al., 2023; Shahin et al., 2016). Continuous and extensive research revealed that medicinal plants are the prime source of new bioactive compounds and healthcare products with therapeutic qualities (Banso et al., 2007; Ivanova et al., 2005; Shahin et al, 2019). Through the successive extraction and characterization of numerous phytochemicals from the vast natural repository, several drugs with high activity profiles were identified and industrially synthesized (Mandal et al., 2007, Misra et al., 2009).

Murraya koenigii L., a member of the Rutaceae family, is frequently referred to as "kamini, Kariaphuli, Gandhal, Curry Pata" in Bangladesh. It is strongly aromatic deciduous shrub or small tree having clusters of small white flowers, small ovoid black fruits, and fragrant leaves grown across the different regions of Bangladesh as well as tropical and sub-tropical areas in the world (Abdelwahab et al., 2023). The leaves of M. koenigii are used as spice to season a variety of meals, though they are most frequently employed in curries. Curry leaves are exceptionally abundant in chemical constituents such as essential oil, tannins, resin and crystalline glucoside, koenigin (Ghani, 1998) with a variety of pharmacological and biological activities, for an instance, antidiabetic (Arulselvan and Subramanian, 2007), antioxidant (Baliga et al., 2003), antimicrobial (Abhishek et al., 2010), hepatoprotective (Pande et al., 2009), antiinflamatory (Muthumani et al., 2009), antihyper cholesterolemic (Iyer et al., 1990), effective action against colon carcinogenesis (Iyer et al., 1990), increasing of digestive secretions, relief from nausea, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, fever and snakebite as well as nutritional and fragrant properties (Ghani, 1998; Abdelwahab et al., 2023, Shashank et al., 2020). Furthermore, girinimbin was obtained from the stem-bark part while the flowers contain a significant quantity of mono- and sesquiterpenoids.

The primary terpenoids found in the flowers are beta-caryophyllene, beta-ocimene, and linalool (Ghani et al., 1998). In addition, both free and complex lipid-bound fatty acids are essential for metabolism because they function as a metabolic fuel, storing and transferring energy, as a building block of all membranes, and as a gene regulator. Fatty acids are essential for mechanical protection, electrical and thermal insulation, and complex lipids. Fatty acids' amphipathic qualities and ability to form micelles additionally provide them a variety of industrial uses as soaps and detergents (Furuhashi et al., 2008). Three most abundant unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in plants are oleic acid (918:1), linoleic acid (918:2), and α-linoleic acid (18:3), all of which consist of 18 carbon atoms. These relatively simple compounds serve as constituents and regulators of glycerolipids, triacylglycerols as a carbon and energy reservoir, stores of constituents of the extracellular barrier such as cutin and suberin, predecessors of different biologically molecules like nitro alkenes and jasmonates, and regulators of stress signaling. However, they have the ability to cause oxidative stress (He et al., 2020).

According to literature study, M. koenigii has been subjected to numerous investigations. Many of the chemical components of M. koenigii show signs of pharmacokinetic response. As per plant science, different geographic locations, climatic circumstances and environmental influences produce non-identical plant secondary metabolites linked to physiological variances in plants.

For this reason, a number of thorough scientific investigations on the effectiveness of the entire plant or specific parts in various extract have been accomplished for medical purposes. However, fatty acid profiling by GC-MS analysis of aerial sections of M. koenigii has not been reported at all. Therefore the current study focuses a comprehensive GC-MS assessment of the fatty acid compositions in the aerial sections of the petroleum ether extract of M. koenigii, a species native to Bangladesh.

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