Evaluating Sivanto Energy 85 EC Against Coelaenomenodera lameensis in Côte d’Ivoire Oil Palm Plantations | InformativeBD

Ahou Cyprienne Kouassi, Assiéninhauverset N’guessan, Kinampinan Adelphe Hala,  N’klo Hala, and  Kouassi Philippe Kouassi, from the different institute of Côte d’Ivoire. wrote a Research Article about, Evaluating Sivanto Energy 85 EC Against Coelaenomenodera lameensis in Côte d’Ivoire Oil Palm Plantations. Entitled, Effect of Sivanto Energy 85 EC (Flupyradifurone 75 g/L, Deltamethrin 10 g/L) on Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Hispinae), main pest of oil palm tree in Côte d’Ivoire. This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Coelaenomenodera lameensis, the most dangerous pest of oil palm, causes damage that can provoke a production loss of up to more than 50%. Evisect-S (Thiocyclam-hydrogen-oxalate), the most effective chemical product against this insect, must be removed to the market because of its high ecotoxicity. This study aims to propose less toxic and effective alternative for better management of this pest’s populations. Thus, Sivanto Energy 85 EC Insecticid (Flupyradifurone 75 g/L, Deltamethrin 10g/L) was evaluated from a cage test, a natural infestation test on small plots and then a confirmatory test performed on large area. Three doses of 0.6ml, 1.2ml and 2.5ml per palm of Sivanto Energy 85 EC and 1g per leaf of Evisect- S, were sprayed against C. lameensis adults. Mortality monitoring revealed the effectiveness of all treatments with a 100% of mortality. Three doses of Sivanto (450ml/ha, 600ml/ha, 750ml/ha) 500 g/ha of Evisect used in natural infestation also gave good results. The dose of Sivanto Energy 500ml/ha of was effective against C. lameensis. It could therefore serve as an alternative to Evisect-S.

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Introduction

In its policy to redynamize the agricultural sector, the State of Côte d'Ivoirehas emphasized the extension of many crops, including the oil palm tree Elaeis guineensis Jacq (Palmaceae), which quickly imposed itself in its economy (Osseni et al., 2009; FAO, 2015). 

In fact, the state launched a policy for the development of oil palm tree from 1959-1960 thanks to research carried out by the Oil and Oilseed Research Institute (IRHO). This policy resulted in the adoption of a vast programme of selected oil palm tree plantations (Anonymous, 2009). Oil palm tree then developed well on Ivorian soil. Its cultivation covers an area of about 300,000ha with an annual palm oil production of 415,000 t (FAO, 2015).

Currently, oil palm tree is a plant of capital interest for many countries in the intertropical zone. In Côte d'Ivoire for example, it employs more than one million people and generates a turnover of more than 400 billion CFA francs (D’Avignon, 2013).

The palm oil sector is in 4th place in the economy of Côte d'Ivoire. Côte d'Ivoire ranks 5th in the world after Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria and Colombia. It is also the 1st African exporter and the 2nd African producer behind Nigeria. Palm oil is used in the manufacture of many food products, cosmetics and biofuels (Ataga and Van der Vossen, 2007). Ivorian production should then continue to increase to meet the country's own needs, the West African demand for oilseeds (Anonymous, 2015) and the needs of the rest of the world. However, the expansion of oil palm cultivation is encountering enormous problems, particularly that of pests.

Indeed, the pests of oil palm are multiple and diversified. They belong to different classes, but the insect class is by far the most important since a large number of insects’ attack oil palm from the seedling to the adult stage (Mariau et al., 1981; Mariau, 2001; Koua, 2008). Thus, the organs of oil palm can be attacked by different insect species from the roots to the leaves. At the leaf level, damage is caused by caterpillars belonging to the families Limacodidae, Stenomidae, Hesperidae, Brassolidae and Chrysomelidae. And, the damage caused by Chrysomelidae is the most important.

These include Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti & Mariau, 1999 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) that is the most dammageable in West Africa and particularly in Côte d'Ivoire (Mariau et al., 1981, Mariau, 2000, Koua, 2008). Damage is caused by both adults and larvae which are the most damageables. Adults make grooves of 12-15mm across the entire thickness of the leaflet from the underside and can, in large numbers, cause partial or even total drying of the leaves. The larval leafminers dig galleries for food, which enlarge with the development of the larval stages. In outbreak period, several thousand larvae per leaf can be counted, causing direct destruction or almost total drying of the palm (Mariau et Besombes, 1972). Therefore, palms may be more than 90% defoliated in two or three generations, leading to production drop average of 50% over a period of 2 years (Mariau et al., 1981).

Population control of this pest is therefore necessary. Various control methods are available, including agronomic, chemical, biological and varietal control. But nowadays, chemical control of C. lameensis seems to be the most effective and widely used method, with chemicals such as Evisect-S (Thiocyclam-hydrogenoxalate), Cartap (Padan) and Propoxur (Uden) (Anonyme, 1989). However, frequent use of molecules of the same chemical family against an insect can, in the long term, lead to resistance of the insect. In addition, for ecotoxicological reasons, Evisect-S (Thiocyclamhydrogen-oxalate), the main chemical control against C. lameensis, may be withdrawn from the market because of its high ecotoxicity. Thus, a wide range of effective products against C. lameensis could be a palliative to this situation.

In order to make the control efficient, it is therefore important to look for other molecules that are as effective as and less toxic than the existing ones. This could contribute in some way to the management of C. lameensis populations and also to the achievement of good production and also to the preservation of human health. It is with this in mind that this workhas been carried out with the aim of contributing to the fight against C. lameensis by proposing Sivanto Energy 85 EC chemical as an alternative to Evisect-S.

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Source : Effect of Sivanto Energy 85 EC (Flupyradifurone 75 g/L, Deltamethrin 10 g/L) on Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Hispinae), main pest of oil palm tree in Côte d’Ivoire