Revolutionizing Shrimp Nurseries: Biofloc Technology for Pacific Whiteleg (Penaeus vannamei) Production | InformativeBD

Christopher Marlowe A. Caipang, Kathleen Mae P. Trebol, Marian Jill S. Abeto, Relicardo M. Coloso, Rolando V. Pakingking, Jr., Adelaida T. Calpe and Joel E. Deocampo, Jr. from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Research Article about, Revolutionizing Shrimp Nurseries: Biofloc Technology for Pacific Whiteleg (Penaeus vannamei) Production. Entitled, An innovative biofloc technology for the nursery production of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei in tanks. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Nursery production of shrimp is usually done in small ponds; however, the use of small and circular tanks with plastic liners is gaining popularity. From an industry standpoint, there is still a need to assess how nursery systems can be of benefit to the shrimp production cycle. Hence, the use of small circular tanks coupled with the incorporation of biofloc technology was assessed in terms of its viability during the nursery production of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. A 450m2 plastic lined circular tank was installed and prepared for the stocking of P. vannamei postlarvae (PLs) at a density of 500 PLs per m2. Biofloc was produced and maintained throughout the nursery phase using brown sugar as carbon source at a carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 10. Water quality was monitored daily, while presumptive Vibrios were enumerated weekly. Sampling for growth was done at the 14th day post-stocking and weekly until harvest on the 30th day. The different water quality parameters were within optimum levels required for shrimp growth. Presumptive Vibrios were dominated by the yellow colonies. At the end of the nursery phase, there was 100% survival and the shrimp attained an average body weight of 1.26 g and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 0.43. Our results indicate that the use of small circular tanks with biofloc during the nursery production phase of whiteleg shrimp is feasible and can be incorporated in the grow-out culture of this shrimp species.

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Introduction

Biofloc technology offers a viable approach towards high-density culture of shrimp because it can maintain good water quality with minimal or no water exchange through nutrient recycling (Avnimelech, 1999; Kuhn et al., 2009; Fatimah et al., 2019). In particular, nitrogenous wastes are converted into microbial biomass that can be used in situ by the cultured animals (Kumar et al., 2020). The sustainability of this system relies heavily on the growth of microorganisms in the culture medium coupled with minimum or zero water exchange. The microorganisms that are present in a biofloc system has two important roles: (1) maintenance of water quality as a result of the uptake of nitrogenous waste materials, thereby producing microbial protein “in situ”; and (2) improved nutrition efficiency through reduction of feed conversion ratio and a decreased feed costs (Emerenciano et al., 2013). Through addition of carbohydrate sources to the water and adjusting the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), the heterotrophic bacteria are able to absorb nutrients and maintain the production of bioflocs (Khanjani et al., 2017), which in turn facilitate the removal of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite (NO2-N) (Asaduzzaman et al. 2008; Gao et al. 2012). Moreover, as disease outbreaks and their impact on commercial shrimp farming operations during the past years have greatly impacted the operational management of shrimp farms, the use of biofloc technology is increasingly identified as one possible approach for disease prevention in shrimp culture (Hargreaves, 2013). Short- and long-term nursery trials in shrimp demonstrated the importance of bioflocs as a means of preventing the negative effects of ammonia in the culture system as well as a source of natural food for the shrimp post-larvae (Emerenciano et al., 2011; Correia et al., 2014; Mishra et al., 2008; Samocha et al., 2007; Suita et al., 2016; Wasielesky et al., 2013; Schveitzer et al., 2017).

The nursery system is an intermediate step between the post-larval (PL) stage and the grow-out phase in shrimp culture (Mishra et al., 2008). During this phase, shrimps PLs are reared at high densities for 15 - 60 days that involves precise technical management, feeding and water quality monitoring (Jory and Cabrera, 2012; Samocha, 2010; Schveitzer et al., 2017). Here in the Philippines, traditional shrimp farmers carry out shrimp nursery activities in small ponds; however, with issues on disease outbreaks and biosecurity issues during the grow-out phase, the use of small and circular tanks with plastic liners is gaining popularity among shrimp growers. From an industry standpoint, there is still a need to assess how nursery systems can be of benefit to the shrimp production cycle. Hence, the use of small circular tanks coupled with the incorporation of biofloc technology was assessed in terms of its viability during the nursery production of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei.

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