Physico-Chemical Assessment of Gambhiri River in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan | InformativeBD

Suresh Kumar, Bharati Veerwal,  Anita Kumari, Himanshu Garwa, and Poonam Sherry, from the different institute of India. wrote a Reseach Article about, Physico-Chemical Assessment of Gambhiri River in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. Entitled, Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of Gambhiri River in Chittorgarh City of Rajasthan. This research paper published by the Journalof Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Water is vital to life and the environment but over the past few decades, it has been getting worse and worse due to pollution, climate change, and over-extraction. It’s really important to look at water quality when the main focus is on sustainable development and keeping humanity at the forefront. A study on the physico-chemical parameters of Gambhiri River, Chittorgarh city of Rajasthan was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022. Six sampling sites were selected and the physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard methods and procedures (IS: 3025; APHA: 4500, 1992). The results revealed that the mean of readings of six sites for various physicho-chemical parameters were, like for water temperature it was (27.10 °C), pH (7.70), Total Dissolved Solids (448.69 mg/l), Turbidity (8.69 NTU), Electric Conductivity (832.97µS/cm), Total Hardness (204.17mg/l), Chloride (92.43mg/l), Alkalinity (214.72mg/l), Nitrate (14.43mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (6.79mg/l), Biological Oxygen Demand (3.57mg/l), Phosphorus (0.09mg/l) and Sulphate (27.71mg/l). The overall result showed that site (S4), i.e., Keer Khera was a more polluted area and the minimum polluted river water area was recorded at the site (S1), i.e., reserve police line among all the studied sites.

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Introduction

Water is an essential component of life and thus responsible for the healthy survival of all living beings. Rivers are a key source of drinking water and irrigation. However, modern civilization, industrialization, urbanization, and population growth have significantly degraded the quality of surface water. This polluted surface water can negatively impact groundwater, and since water is a crucial part of our ecosystem, any disruption caused by contaminants can have harmful effects on the entire ecosystem (Chauhan et al., 2020).

Pollutants in the water can affect the quality of water and because of this; it can also affect the biological species and human health. Anthropogenic activities like discharges of domestic waste, polluted wastes from the sewage treatment plants, plastic materials, bottles, polythene, disposal of personal care products and household chemicals, improper disposal of car batteries, waste materials from construction activities, mining activities, and pilgrim activities make water polluted and lead to a worsening of the quality of water of the rivers (Heydari and Bidgoli, 2012).

The health of human beings is directly related to water availability and quality. The river basin has long been a major water source for various uses and provides fertile land, which is conducive to the growth of densely populated urban areas because of its favorable conditions (Mouri et al., 2011). In the last few decades, the growing population and the consequent increase in industrial activities have contributed in creating many environmental problems, mainly those related to the conservation of ground and surface water. Pure drinking water is currently accepted as a basic right of human beings. Water helps to improve the circulation of oxygen throughout the body. Insufficient water content in the human body results in severe dehydration, which is often accompanied by seizures, kidney failure, and swelling in the brain. The composition of water changes a lot due to residues. These waste materials produce harmful effects on organisms inhabiting and residing in these areas. This has also impact on the human body as studied by Tiburtius et al. (2004).

Freshwater ecosystems are inland water of the world, including lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands. The study of freshwater ecosystems includes an examination of their physical and chemical composition, the plant, animal, and microbial populations that comprise them, and the relationship among these components (Tundisi and MatsumuraTundisi, 2003).

A systematic analysis of the relationship between water quality parameters helps to evaluate the water's overall quality, measure the relative concentration of different pollutants in the water, and provide the information needed to implement fast water quality management programs (Dash et al., 2006). Strict monitoring and observation of the water bodies provide important information for the management of the river basin. These quality checks of water can help conserve pure quality water for future generations and species.

The Gambhiri River water is utilized for agriculture, drinking, and other domestic purposes.

The quality of drinking water must be tested at regular intervals since the population can suffer from a range of waterborne illnesses as a result of the usage of polluted drinking water.

The existing basic information on the physicochemical characteristics of river water will be useful for further ecological assessment and river quality monitoring. In our study, we compared the physicochemical parameters of water with water quality standards to validate the current water quality condition of the Gambhiri river of Chittorgarh, Rajasthan.

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Source: Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of Gambhiri River in Chittorgarh City of Rajasthan