K. Waqas, M. Shabir,
MU. Nabi, RZ. Zulfiqar, A. Mansoor, M. Abubakar, M. Hussain, A. Nawaz,
A. Saira, S. Bano, Q. Farooq, and M. Shakir, from the different
institute of Pakistan. wrote a Research Article about, Inside the Radish:
Exploring Physiological and Anatomical Traits of Selected Varieties. Entitled, A
study on physiological, anatomical characterization of selected radish plant. This
research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under
the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an
open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted in the old Botanical Garden at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to analyze and check the impact of nickel sulphate effect by on radish plant. One variety of radish (Raphanus sativus) Mooli Day-40 was grown under nickel sulphate solution. Varying concentration of nickel sulphate (10, 20, 30mM) was applied. All the morphological parameters were studied e.g. chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids. Ni effect significantly reduced the growth attributes. Results were described after data recording and statistical analysis by using latest computer software packages. A marked drop in all morpho-physiological attributes in relation to biochemical attributes chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were reduced while a subsequent elevation was observed in carotenoid.
Read more : Tracing Oregano Diversity: Genetic Variability Revealed by RAPD Markers | InformativeBD
Introduction
In Unani, Greeko-Arab,
and Indian folk medicine, radish is used as a household remedy for the
treatment of many diseases such as jaundice, gallstone, liver diseases, rectal
prolapse, indigestion, and other gastric pains (Ahmad et al., 2007). In
general, radish contains carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fibers, protein, and
even some fat and fluoride. In addition, it mcontains various watersoluble
vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6,B9, and C and minerals such as calcium, iron,
magnesium, manganese zinc, potassium, and phosphorous.
Radish is useful in
liver and gall Bladder troubles. In homoeopathy, they are used for neuralgic
headache, sleeplessness and Chronic diarrhea. Roots, leaves, flower and Pod are
quite effective against gram positive Bacteria. The roots are said to be useful
in Urinary complaints, piles and in gastrodynia. A Salt extracted from roots,
dried and burnt to White ash is said to be used as diuretic and Laxative. Heavy
metal contamination of the environment is currently a global problem
threatening vegetation, wildlife and human (Alexander et al., 2007).
Nickel is an essential
micronutrient for plant growth so it is readily absorbed through plant roots
But there are negative consequences when it is present in toxic concentrations.
Excess Ni often Competes with other necessary micronutrients for uptake into
plant tissues from soil. As a result, Nutrient deficiencies may arise within
seeds (Naeem et al., 2019). These nutrients are important cofactors and enzyme
Activators involved in the metabolic processes/events needed to ensure
successful germination And seedling growth. Nutrient deficiencies result in
imbalances and suppression of those Metabolic processes, thus inhibiting plant
growth (Antoniadis et al., 2008).
The effect of various
concentrations of nickel (100, 200, 500 and 1000µM) and recovery treatments of
boron (50 and 100µM) and copper (15 and 75µM) each with 200µM and 500µM of
nickel on germination, growth, biomass, chlorophyll, carotenoids, pheophytin, amylase,
protein, sugar as well as activity of catalase and peroxidase were studied in
radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Early menu) seedlings. Nickel treatments caused a
considerable reduction in germination percentage, growth and biomass. The
different pigments were also decreased with nickel treatments. The combination
of nickel with boron resulted into increased protein contents. This combination
also reduced the catalase and peroxidase activity (Ashraf et al., 2011).
Researched on water
lettuce plants which were exposed to variousconcentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0
and 10.0ppm) of nickel as Nickel sulphate in nutrient medium. The effect of
graded nickel (Ni+2) concentrations on visible symptoms of Toxicity, pigments
(chlorophyll a, b and total) and antioxidative attributes were evaluated.
Plants exposed to High nickel (1.0 and 10.0ppm) showed visible toxicity symptoms,
such as wilting, chlorosis in young leaves, Browning of root tips and broken
off roots, observed at 6 days after treatment. Nickel was accumulated more In
root (863.3µg g-1 dry weight) than leaves (116.2µg g1 dry weight) at 6 days of
treatment. Nickel exposure Decreased chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll
contents (Assunçao et al., 2003).
The aims of this study
included the study of anatomy and biochemical characterization of radish plant
under stress conditions. Ni has negative effect on photosynthesis and
respiration. High uptake of Ni induces a decline in water content of dicot and
monocot plant species (Baenas et al., 2016).
The decrease in water
can act as an indicator for Ni toxicity in plants. Ni is associated with
proteins inhibition germination and chlorophyll synthesis (Alexander et al.,
2007). Nickel received very little attention due to its dual character and
complicated electronic chemistry which acts as barrier to reveal the toxicity
mechanism in plants. The objective of this review paper is to summarize the
overview of the sources, essentiality, uptake Ni toxicity in plants. Nickel
pollution is a serious environmental concern which led to research on
phytoremediation (Choudhari et al., 1997).
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