7 Types of Communication and How They Impact Our Daily Lives | InformativeBD

What Is Communication?

Communication is the act of conveying information from one person or group to another. It is an essential part of human interaction and is used to build relationships, exchange ideas, and express emotions. There are several types of communication, each with its own unique features and characteristics. In this article, we will discuss the different types of communication and how they impact our daily lives.

Verbal Communication

Verbal communication involves the use of spoken or written words to convey a message. It is the most common type of communication and is used in everyday conversations, presentations, and speeches. Verbal communication can be formal or informal and can occur face-to-face or remotely through phone or video calls. The tone, pitch, and inflection of the voice are crucial elements in verbal communication that can affect the message's interpretation.

Non-Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication: Non-verbal communication refers to any communication that does not involve words. It includes gestures, facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and eye contact. Non-verbal communication is often used to convey emotions and attitudes that words alone cannot express. For example, a smile or a nod can indicate agreement or approval, while a frown or a shake of the head can indicate disapproval.

Written Communication

Written communication involves the use of written words to convey a message. It includes emails, memos, reports, letters, and texts. Written communication is often used in a professional setting and can be formal or informal. The use of written communication allows for the message to be saved and referenced later, which can be useful in a business setting.

Visual Communication

Visual communication involves the use of images, graphs, charts, and other visual aids to convey a message. It is often used in presentations and marketing materials. Visual communication is useful in conveying complex information in a way that is easy to understand. For example, a graph can show trends or patterns in data that would be difficult to convey through words alone.

Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal Communication: Interpersonal communication refers to communication between two or more people. It involves the exchange of information, ideas, and feelings between individuals. Interpersonal communication can be verbal or non-verbal and can take place in various settings, including in-person, over the phone, or through video conferencing.

Group Communication

Group Communication: Group communication involves communication between three or more people. It can take place in various settings, including in-person, over the phone, or through video conferencing. Group communication is often used in business and professional settings, where it is used to discuss and make decisions about important matters.

Mass Communication

Mass Communication: Mass communication refers to communication that reaches a large audience. It includes various forms of media, including television, radio, newspapers, and the internet. Mass communication is often used in advertising, marketing, and public relations to reach a wide audience and promote products or services.

In conclusion, communication is an essential part of human life, and there are various types of communication that we use in our day-to-day lives. Verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication, visual communication, interpersonal communication, group communication, and mass communication are some of the most common types of communication. Each of these types of communication has its unique features and advantages, and it is essential to understand them to communicate effectively in different situations.

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Barbora Krejčíková, Winner of Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championship 2023 | InformativeBD

Barbora Krejčíková| Photo: Kamran Jebreili, ČTK/AP

The Czech tennis player Barbora Krejčíková has scored another significant achievement. She beat the world's main three players while heading to lifting the title at the Dubai Open at the end of the week, a worthwhile success that has seen her leap up the rankings.

Barbora Krejčíková, who is 27, was recently known as a duplicates trained professional. In any case, in ongoing seasons she has likewise turned into a significant power in singles, never more so than when she won the French Open - her main Huge homerun to date - in 2021.

Who is Barbora Krejčíková?

Barbora Krejčíková is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. She was born on December 18, 1995, in Brno, Czech Republic. Krejčíková started playing tennis at the age of four and turned professional in 2014.

Krejčíková has had a successful career in both singles and doubles. In singles, she has won four ITF titles and reached a career-high ranking of No. 15 in the world in June 2021. She has also had notable wins over top players such as Simona Halep, Elina Svitolina, and Karolína Plíšková.

However, Krejčíková is perhaps best known for her success in doubles. She has won 22 WTA doubles titles and 3 Grand Slam doubles titles. In fact, she completed a rare doubles sweep at the 2021 French Open, winning both the women's doubles and mixed doubles titles, becoming the first player since Mary Pierce in 2000 to achieve this feat. She also won the women's doubles title at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships, partnering with her compatriot Kateřina Siniaková.

Krejčíková has also represented the Czech Republic in Fed Cup competition. She made her debut for the team in 2017 and has helped the Czech Republic win two Fed Cup titles.

Off the court, Krejčíková is known for her hard work, determination, and positive attitude. She has spoken about the importance of mental strength in tennis and how she has worked to improve her mental game.

Barbora Krejčíková's positive attitude has been an important factor in her success on the court. She has spoken about the importance of staying positive and focused, even in difficult situations. In interviews, she often talks about the mental aspects of the game and how she works to maintain a positive mindset, especially during tough matches.

Krejčíková has faced her share of challenges on the court, including injuries and tough losses. However, she has always been able to bounce back and maintain her positive attitude. In fact, she has credited her mental strength with helping her win some of her biggest matches.

Off the court, Krejčíková is known for her friendly and approachable personality. She is a popular player among fans and is often seen taking time to sign autographs and take photos with them. She has also spoken about the importance of enjoying the game and having fun on the court, even when things aren't going well.

Krejčíková's positive attitude has not only helped her in her tennis career but has also inspired others. She has been a role model for many young players and has encouraged them to work hard and stay positive in the face of challenges. She has also been active in promoting the sport of tennis, particularly in her home country of the Czech Republic.

In summary, Barbora Krejčíková is a successful tennis player from the Czech Republic, known for her success in both singles and doubles. She has won multiple titles and achieved notable victories over top players. She is also a respected member of the tennis community, admired for her hard work and positive attitude.

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Learn About How to Make a Video for YouTube | InformativeBD

Making a video for YouTube can seem like a daunting task, but with the right tools and approach, anyone can create content that engages and entertains an audience. Here are the basic steps to make a video for YouTube:

Plan your video: Before you start filming, decide what your video will be about, and create a script or outline to follow. This will help you stay on track during filming and ensure that your video has a clear message or purpose.

Gather equipment: You'll need a camera to record your video, and you can use a smartphone, a DSLR camera, or a dedicated video camera. You may also need a tripod to keep your camera steady, and a microphone to capture clear audio. Lighting is also important, so make sure you have enough light to illuminate your subject.

Record your footage: Once you have your plan and equipment ready, start filming your video. Make sure you capture enough footage to tell your story or convey your message. Take multiple shots from different angles to add variety to your video.

Edit your video: Once you've recorded your footage, use video editing software to put it together into a cohesive video. You can add titles, music, and other effects to make your video more engaging. Trim your footage to remove any mistakes or unnecessary footage, and add transitions between scenes to create a smooth flow.

Export and upload your video: Once you've finished editing your video, export it to a format that is compatible with YouTube. The most common format is MP4. Then, upload your video to YouTube and add a title, description, and tags to help people find it.

Promote your video: Once your video is live, share it on social media and other platforms to help it reach a wider audience. Encourage your viewers to like, comment, and subscribe to your channel to stay updated on your latest videos.

Remember, making a video for YouTube takes time and practice, so don't be discouraged if your first videos aren't perfect. Keep creating and experimenting with different styles and formats, and you'll soon find what works best for you and your audience.

When creating videos for YouTube, it's important to consider your audience and what they might be interested in. Think about who your target audience is, what they might be searching for on YouTube, and what topics or formats might engage them.

It's also important to engage with your audience through comments and social media. Respond to comments on your videos and ask your viewers for feedback or suggestions for future videos. This not only helps build a relationship with your audience, but it can also give you ideas for new content.

When creating your videos, try to be authentic and true to yourself. People watch YouTube videos to connect with real people and hear their unique perspectives, so don't be afraid to share your personality and opinions. This will help you build a loyal fanbase who enjoy your content for its authenticity and entertainment value.

Finally, be consistent with your video uploads. Try to upload new videos on a regular schedule, whether it's once a week, twice a month, or some other frequency. This will help your viewers know when to expect new content from you, and it will also help you stay motivated and committed to your channel.

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Introducing Low-code and No-code Artificial Intelligence (AI) | InformativeBD

 

Low-code and no-code artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have been gaining popularity in recent years, as they enable businesses to build and deploy AI-powered applications without requiring a deep understanding of coding. With low-code or no-code AI, businesses can automate tasks, improve decision-making, and enhance customer experiences, all without having to invest in expensive, custom-built software or hire specialized teams.

What is Low-Code or No-Code AI?

Low-code and no-code AI platforms are software tools that enable users to create and deploy AI-powered applications without writing complex code. These platforms use pre-built components, templates, and drag-and-drop interfaces to simplify the development process, making it easier for non-technical users to build and deploy AI applications.

Low-code AI platforms typically require some coding knowledge, but the coding required is usually much simpler than traditional coding, often using visual programming tools to create workflows and build applications. No-code AI platforms, on the other hand, require no coding knowledge at all, using simple visual interfaces to create applications by assembling pre-built components.

Benefits of Low-Code or No-Code AI

There are several benefits of using low-code or no-code AI platforms:

Faster Time-to-Market

One of the primary advantages of low-code or no-code AI platforms is the speed at which businesses can create and deploy applications. These platforms allow users to create and test applications much faster than traditional coding, enabling businesses to get their products and services to market more quickly.

Lower Costs

Building AI applications from scratch can be expensive, as it requires specialized technical skills and time-consuming development. Low-code or no-code AI platforms can significantly reduce the cost of developing AI applications, as they require less specialized skills and less time to develop.

Greater Agility

Low-code or no-code AI platforms allow businesses to be more agile, enabling them to quickly and easily make changes to applications based on customer feedback or changes in the business environment. This agility allows businesses to adapt to changing market conditions and stay ahead of the competition.

Democratizing AI

Low-code or no-code AI platforms democratize AI, making it accessible to businesses of all sizes and technical abilities. These platforms allow businesses to tap into the power of AI without having to invest in expensive custom-built software or hire specialized teams.

Use Cases for Low-Code or No-Code AI

Low-code and no-code AI platforms have a wide range of use cases, including:

Chatbots and Virtual Assistants

Chatbots and virtual assistants are becoming increasingly popular, as businesses seek to provide 24/7 customer support and automate routine tasks. Low-code or no-code AI platforms can be used to create chatbots and virtual assistants that can handle customer inquiries, book appointments, and perform other tasks, without the need for human intervention.

Image and Video Recognition

Image and video recognition are becoming increasingly important in a range of industries, from healthcare to retail. Low-code or no-code AI platforms can be used to create applications that can recognize objects, people, and patterns in images and videos, enabling businesses to automate tasks and improve decision-making.

Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics can help businesses make better decisions by using historical data to forecast future trends. Low-code or no-code AI platforms can be used to create applications that can analyze data and generate predictions, enabling businesses to make more informed decisions.

Fraud Detection

Fraud detection is a critical issue for many businesses, particularly in the financial services industry. Low-code or no-code AI platforms can be used to create applications that can analyze data and detect fraudulent activity, helping businesses to reduce their risk of financial losses.

Process Automation

Process automation can help businesses to streamline their operations, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. Low-code or no-code AI platforms can be used

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Top Five Business Ideas 2023 | InformativeBD

Top Five Business Idea 2023

As we enter a new year, many people are thinking about starting their own businesses. With technology advancing rapidly, there are now more opportunities than ever to launch a successful business. In this article, we will take a look at the top 5 business ideas for 2023.

Virtual Events and Experiences

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we interact with one another. With more people spending time at home, there has been a growing demand for virtual events and experiences. This includes virtual conferences, concerts, and even virtual travel experiences. As we move into 2023, this trend is only going to continue to grow. If you have experience in event planning or marketing, starting a virtual events and experiences business could be a profitable venture.

 Sustainable Products and Services

As more people become aware of the impact their choices have on the environment, there has been a growing demand for sustainable products and services. From eco-friendly clothing and home goods to renewable energy solutions, there are many opportunities for entrepreneurs to create businesses that promote sustainability. If you have a passion for the environment and a desire to make a difference, starting a sustainable business could be a great idea.

Health and Wellness

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact people's health and well-being, there has been a growing interest in health and wellness. From mental health services to fitness products and nutrition services, there are many opportunities to create a business that promotes healthy living. With the rise of remote work, many people are looking for ways to maintain their health and wellness from home. If you have experience in the health and wellness industry, starting a business in this area could be a great idea.

E-commerce and Online Retail

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward online shopping, and this trend is only going to continue in 2023. As more people become comfortable with shopping online, there will be growing demand for e-commerce and online retail businesses. Whether you're selling physical products or digital services, there are many opportunities to create a successful online business. If you have experience in marketing or e-commerce, starting an online retail business could be a profitable venture.

Personalized Services and Products

As consumers become more sophisticated, there is a growing demand for personalized products and services. From customized clothing and accessories to personalized nutrition plans and home goods, there are many opportunities for entrepreneurs to create businesses that offer personalized solutions. If you have experience in design or marketing, starting a business that offers personalized products or services could be a great idea.

In conclusion, these are the top 5 business ideas for 2023. Whether you're interested in starting a virtual events business, a sustainable products and services business, a health and wellness business, an e-commerce business, or a business that offers personalized solutions, there are many opportunities to create a successful business in the coming year. With the right combination of creativity, passion, and hard work, you can turn your business idea into a profitable venture.

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Learn about Golden Globe Awards | InfomativeBD

Source: wikipedia

 

Golden Globe Awards

The Golden Globe Awards is an annual ceremony that recognizes outstanding achievement in film and television, as voted on by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA). The Golden Globe Awards are widely regarded as one of the most prestigious awards in the entertainment industry and are often considered a precursor to the Academy Awards.

The first Golden Globe Awards ceremony was held in 1944, and since then it has become one of the most anticipated events in the entertainment industry. The ceremony is typically held in January or February and is broadcast live on television in the United States.

The Golden Globe Awards are divided into two main categories: film and television. The film categories include Best Motion Picture (Drama), Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy), Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Screenplay. The television categories include Best Television Series (Drama), Best Television Series (Musical or Comedy), Best Actor in a Television Series (Drama), Best Actress in a Television Series (Drama), Best Actor in a Television Series (Musical or Comedy), Best Actress in a Television Series (Musical or Comedy), and Best Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television. One of the unique features of the Golden Globe Awards is that they separate the categories for Drama and Musical or Comedy films and television shows. This means that a movie or show that might not be recognized in one category could still have a chance to be nominated and win in the other.

In addition to the competitive categories, the Golden Globe Awards also feature honorary awards, such as the Cecil B. DeMille Award, which is given to individuals who have made significant contributions to the entertainment industry. The Cecil B. DeMille Award is the highest honor that the Golden Globe Awards can bestow and has been presented to many legendary figures in the entertainment industry, including Walt Disney, Barbra Streisand, and Martin Scorsese.

Over the years, the Golden Globe Awards have helped to launch the careers of many actors, directors, and writers. Winning a Golden Globe can have a significant impact on an individual's career, leading to increased recognition and better job opportunities. The Golden Globe Awards also provide a platform for social and political issues, with many actors using their acceptance speeches to highlight important causes and raise awareness.

The Golden Globe Awards have not been without controversy, however. The HFPA, the organization that votes on the awards, has faced criticism in recent years for a lack of diversity and accusations of ethical violations. In response, the HFPA has made changes to its membership and voting rules in an effort to be more inclusive and transparent.Despite the controversy, the Golden Globe Awards remain one of the most highly anticipated events in the entertainment industry, and winning a Golden Globe is still considered a significant achievement. The ceremony brings together the biggest names in Hollywood and provides a showcase for the best in film and television. For viewers around the world, the Golden Globe Awards are a chance to celebrate the achievements of their favorite actors, directors, and shows.

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Elon Musk, A Business Magnate and Investor | InformativeBD

 

Source- Wikipedia.org

Elon Reeve Musk FRS (/ˈiːlɒn/ EE-lon; born June 28, 1971) is a business magnate and investor. He is the founder, CEO, and chief engineer of SpaceX; angel investor, CEO, and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. With an estimated net worth of around $238 billion as of September 26, 2022,Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes' real-time billionaires list.

Musk was born and grew up in Pretoria, South Africa,. He attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada at age 17, acquiring citizenship through his Canadian-born mother. Two years later, he matriculated at Queen's University (Ontario) and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he received bachelor's degrees in economics and physics. He moved to California in 1995 to attend Stanford University but decided to instead pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company Zip2 with his brother, Kimbal. The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded the online bank X.com, which merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal. eBay bought PayPal in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

In 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, and is its CEO and chief engineer. In 2004, he was an early investor in the electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.). He became its chairman and product architect, eventually assuming the position of CEO in 2008. In 2006, he helped create SolarCity, a solar energy company that was later acquired by Tesla and became Tesla Energy. In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company promoting friendly artificial intelligence (AI). In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces, and he founded The Boring Company, a tunnel construction company. Musk has proposed a hyperloop high-speed vactrain transportation system and is the president of the Musk Foundation, which donates to scientific research and education.

Musk has been criticized for making unscientific and controversial statements, such as spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic and promoting contentious perspectives regarding politics and various technologies, especially on Twitter. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued Musk for tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla, which the SEC characterized as false and misleading. He settled with the SEC but did not admit guilt, and he temporarily stepped down from his Tesla chairmanship. In 2019, he won a defamation case brought against him by a British caver who had advised in the Tham Luang cave rescue. In 2022, Musk agreed to purchase Twitter for $44 billion but later submitted a termination letter of the deal, leading to lawsuits between both parties. However, Musk later decided to move forward with the purchase.

Elon Musk co-founded

Elon Musk co-founded and leads Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink and The Boring Company.

As the co-founder and CEO of Tesla, Elon leads all product design, engineering and global manufacturing of the company's electric vehicles, battery products and solar energy products.

Since the company’s inception in 2003, Tesla’s mission has been to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy. The first Tesla product, the Roadster sports car, debuted in 2008, followed by the Model S sedan, which was introduced in 2012, and the Model X SUV, which launched in 2015. Model S received Consumer Reports’ Best Overall Car and has been named the Ultimate Car of the Year by Motor Trend, while Model X was the first SUV ever to earn 5-star safety ratings in every category and sub-category in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s tests. In 2017, Tesla began deliveries of Model 3, a mass-market electric vehicle with more than 320 miles of range, and unveiled Tesla Semi, which is designed to save owners at least $200,000 over a million miles based on fuel costs alone. In 2019, Tesla unveiled Cybertruck, which will have better utility than a traditional truck and more performance than a sports car, as well as the Model Y compact SUV, which began customer deliveries in early 2020.

Tesla also produces three energy storage products, the Powerwall home battery, the Powerpack commercial-scale battery, and Megapack, which is designed for utility-scale installations. In 2016, Tesla became the world’s first vertically-integrated sustainable energy company with the acquisition of SolarCity, the leading provider of solar power systems in the United States, and in 2017 released Solar Roof – a beautiful and affordable energy generation product.

As lead designer at SpaceX, Elon oversees the development of rockets and spacecraft for missions to Earth orbit and ultimately to other planets. In 2008, the SpaceX Falcon 1 was the first privately developed liquid fuel rocket to reach orbit, and SpaceX made further history in 2017 by re-flying both a Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft for the first time. Soon after, Falcon Heavy, the most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two, completed its first flight in 2018. In 2019, SpaceX’s crew-capable version of the Dragon spacecraft completed its first demonstration mission, and the company will fly NASA astronauts to the International Space Station for the first time in 2020. Building on these achievements, SpaceX is developing Starship – a fully reusable transportation system that will carry crew and cargo to the Moon, Mars and beyond ­– and Starlink, which will deliver high speed broadband internet to locations where access has been unreliable, expensive, or completely unavailable. By pioneering reusable rockets, SpaceX is pursuing the long-term goal of making humans a multi-planet species by creating a self-sustaining city on Mars.

Elon is also CEO of Neuralink, which is developing ultra-high bandwidth brain-machine interfaces to connect the human brain to computers.

He also launched The Boring Company, which combines fast, affordable tunneling technology with an all-electric public transportation system in order to alleviate soul-crushing urban congestion and enable high-speed, long-distance travel. The Boring Company built a 1.15 mile R&D tunnel in Hawthorne, and is currently constructing Vegas Loop, a public transportation system at the Las Vegas Convention Center.

Previously, Elon co-founded and sold PayPal, the world's leading Internet payment system, and Zip2, one of the first internet maps and directions services.

Source: Tesla.com Wikipedia.org

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Can Drinking Green Tea Help Prevent COVID-19 Infection? | Informativebd

Source: healthdigest.com

Although it seems COVID-19 hasn't been in the headlines as much as it was, it still exists. While you know to keep your distance and not breathe in COVID droplets, is there a simple drink out there that can prevent infection?

COVID is an infection caused by the virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (per World Health Organization). It can be spread through air particles expelled by someone infected and breathed in through your nose or mouth. According to the Mayo Clinic, vaccines can reduce the chances of getting COVID-19 or reduce the severity of its symptoms. There may be a new promising development as well in the use of green tea against COVID.

Tea is the second most drunk beverage in the world after water, reports the International Institute for Sustainable Development. Aside from herbal teas, all tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis bush (via Medical News Today). Green tea is made from the unoxidized leaves of the bush and therefore has one of the highest levels of antioxidants and polyphenols like Epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG. EGCG is a powerful antioxidant that can reduce inflammation and protect cells from stress and damage from free radicals, reports Healthline. Green tea is widely regarded for its health benefits, from enhancing cognitive function to protecting heart health, thanks to these antioxidant properties. Its major component of EGCG has also shown promise in fending off viruses similar to COVID-19, says a study in The Journal of General Virology.

Green tea has antiviral properties

EGCG has previously shown the ability to inhibit cell entry for viruses like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C, and influenza, as well as the transcription of adenoviruses (per Journal of General Virology). This effectiveness against the flu and adenoviruses is the key to the possibility of green tea helping prevent COVID-19 infections. According to the study, for a COVID-19 infection to begin to take place, the virus needs to successfully enter the cells and bind to receptors. In tests, ECGC shows effectiveness in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and interfering with its binding to receptors. This is good news as it seems this significant component of green tea can cause major problems for COVID-19.

Unfortunately, to be effective, high concentrated levels of EGCG are required to inhibit COVID-19, according to a study in Phytomedicine. When consumed orally, EGCG is oxidized before it reaches its target and therefore doesn't provide these high levels. Thus, despite all its health benefits, drinking green tea is currently an ineffective and impractical way to prevent COVID. There is good news, though, as another study shows EGCG can help reduce inflammatory symptoms and be a natural therapeutic for those infected with COVID-19.

Source: healthdigest.com

 

 

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What Is Research and How Many Types of Research | Informativebd

 

Source: studyinsweden.se

What Is Research Means?

Research means studious inquiry or examination especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. 

Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.

Types of Research

Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic. Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. In our life, new problems, events, phenomena, and processes occur every day. Practically, implementable solutions and suggestions are required for tackling new problems that arise. Scientists have to undertake research on them and find their causes, solutions, explanations, and applications.

The research is broadly classified into two main classes: 1. Fundamental or basic research and 2. Applied research. Basic and applied researches are generally of two kinds: normal research and revolutionary research. In any particular field, normal research is performed in accordance with a set of rules, concepts and procedures called a paradigm, which is well accepted by the scientists working in that field. In addition, the basic and applied research can be quantitative or qualitative, or even both (mixed research).

1. Fundamental or Basic research:

Basic research is an investigation of basic principles and reasons for the occurrence of a particular event or process or phenomenon. It is also called theoretical research. The study or investigation of some natural phenomenon or relating to pure science is termed basic research. Basic research sometimes may not lead to immediate use or application. It is not concerned with solving any practical problems of immediate interest. But it is original or basic in character. It provides a systematic and deep insight into a problem and facilitates the extraction of scientific and logical explanations and conclusion on it. It helps build new frontiers of knowledge. The outcomes of basic research form the basis for much-applied research.

Basic research

• Seeks generalization
• Aims at basic processes
• Attempts to explain why things happen
• Tries to get all the facts
• Reports in the technical language of the topic

2. Applied research:

In applied research, one solves certain problems by employing well-known and accepted theories and principles. Most of the experimental research, case studies, and interdisciplinary research are essentially applied research. Applied research is helpful for basic research. Research, the outcome of which has immediate application is also termed applied research. Such research is of practical use to current activity.

Applied research

• Studies individual or specific cases without the objective to generalize
• Aims at any variable which makes the desired difference
• Tries to say how things can be changed
• Tries to correct the facts which are problematic
• Reports in common language

Basic and applied research is further divided into three types of research bearing some characteristics feature as follows:

Quantitative research

• It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematics, and uses numbers.
• It is an iterative process whereby evidence is evaluated.
• The results are often presented in tables and graphs.
• It is conclusive.
• It investigates the what, where, and when of decision-making.

Qualitative research

• It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies to reason, and uses words.
• Its aim is to get the meaning, and feeling and describe the situation.
• Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
• It is exploratory.
• It investigates the why and how of decision-making.

Mixed research

Mixed research- research that involves the mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods or paradigm characteristics. The nature of data is a mixture of variables, words, and images.

Other types of research

Exploratory Research

Exploratory research might involve a literature search or conducting focus group interviews. The exploration of new phenomena in this way may help the researcher’s need for better understanding, may test the feasibility of a more extensive study, or determine the best methods to be used in a subsequent study. For these reasons, exploratory research is broad in focus and rarely provides definite answers to specific research issues.

The objective of exploratory research is to identify key issues and key variables.

Descriptive research

The descriptive research is directed toward studying “what” and how many of this “what”. Thus, it is directed toward answering questions such as, “What is this?”.

Explanatory research

• Its primary goal is to understand or explain relationships.
• It uses correlations to study relationships between dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events.
• Explanatory research explains (How the parts of a phenomenon are related to each other).
• Explanatory research asks the “Why” question.

Longitudinal Research
Research carried out longitudinally involves data collection at multiple points in time. Longitudinal studies may take the form of:

• Trend study- looks at population characteristics over time, e.g. organizational absenteeism rates during the course of a year
• Cohort study- traces a sub-population over time, e.g. absenteeism rates for the sales department;
• Panel study- traces the same sample over time, e.g. graduate career tracks over the period 1990 – 2000 for the same starting cohort.

While longitudinal studies will often be more time-consuming and expensive than cross-sectional studies, they are more likely to identify causal relationships between variables.

Cross-sectional Research

One-shot or cross-sectional studies are those in which data is gathered once, during a period of days, weeks or months. Many cross-sectional studies are exploratory or descriptive in purpose. They are designed to look at how things are now, without any sense of whether there is a history or trend at work.

Action research

• Fact findings to improve the quality of action in the social world

Policy-Oriented Research

• Reports employing this type of research focus on the question ‘How can problem ‘X’ be solved or prevented ?’

Classification research
It aims at categorizing units into groups

• To demonstrate differences
• To explain relationships

Comparative research

• To identify similarities and differences between units at all levels

Causal research

• It aims at establishing cause and effect relationship among variable

Theory-testing research

• It aims at testing the validity of a unit

Theory-building research

• To establish and formulate the theory

Last, of all, it is needless to say that scientific research helps us in many ways:

• A research problem refers to a difficulty that a researcher or a scientific community or an industry or a government organization or a society experiences. It may be a theoretical or a practical situation. It calls for a thorough understanding and possible solutions.

• Research provides the basis for many government policies. For example, research on the needs and desires of the people and on the availability of revenues to meet the needs helps a government to prepare a budget.

• It is the fountain of knowledge and provides guidelines for solving problems.

• Only through research inventions can be made; for example, new and novel phenomena and processes such as superconductivity and cloning have been discovered only through research.

• It is important in industry and business for higher gain and productivity and to improve the quality of products.

• Research leads to a new style of life and makes it delightful and glorious.

• It leads to the identification and characterization of new materials, new living things, new stars, etc.

• Mathematical and logical research on business and industry optimizes their problems in them.

• Social research helps find answers to social problems. They explain social phenomena and seek solutions to social problems.

Source: INNSpub Journals

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FIFA World Cup 2022- Probably The last world cup for the legend Leonel Messi.

Leonel Messi

 Argentina superstar Lionel Messi said in a conversation with Sebastián Vignolo that the 2022 Qatar World Cup will be his last.

 

“This will be my last World Cup — for sure. The decision has been made,” Messi said in the conversation.

 Messi confessed that he is looking forward to the World Cup and battling it out for the trophy he so desires: "I am counting the days until the World Cup, the truth is yes, there is a bit of anxiety because we can't wait to play. On the other hand, there is a certain tension ahead of the tournament".

“We’re at a very good moment, with a very strong group, but anything can happen at a World Cup,” he explained. “All the matches are difficult, that is what makes a World Cup so special because the favorites are not always the ones who end up winning or even doing as well as you expect.

The last international competition Messi won was Copa America last year when they defeated Brazil in the final. The World Cup, however, is a different beast altogether, with Messi having gotten to the final in the 2014 edition but losing out to Germany.

Sources: Internet, Marca, The Indian Express

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