3R Temporary Shelter: Compost Bin Design and Modification | InformativeBD

Rizqi Puteri Mahyudin, Muhammad Reynaldi Faradil Rakhim , Noriana Apriana , Muhammad Abrar Firdausy , Andy Mizwar , Yuni Safaria Dwi Lestari ,and  Bambang Joko Priatmadi, from the different institute of the Indonesia. wrote a research article about, 3R Temporary Shelter: Compost Bin Design and Modification. entitled, Design and Modification of Compost Bin with a Chopper for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter (TPS 3R) in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences |NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Composting is an effective method of managing organic waste from decomposition by microorganisms. This research using composting technique with a modification compost bin with additional chopper on the top of the bin. The composter was designed using an HDPE drum with a height of 100 cm and a diameter of 50 cm with the addition of a chopper and a manual compost mixer as well as a lower cross-section. This research aimed to calculate the amount and composition of waste in TPS 3R Sekumpul and to design modification of a compost bin to handle the problem of organic waste in TPS 3R Sekumpul. The average waste generation in TPS 3R Sekumpul is 66,875 kg/day with the composition of the waste generated including compostable (organic) at 4.28%, resaleable waste at 93.85%, and residual waste at 1.87%. The manual chopper is designed with 7 blades with a slope of 45° which are placed on an iron plate connected to a handle to rotate the chopper. The rotate is in the form of a spiral attached to the rotate handle and connected to the drum cover and the bottom section is a rectangular metal structure having 4 wheels on each side. All of the tools that are designed and made can work smoothly without being constrained during the testing of the tool. The composter drum can accommodate up to 25 kg of compost and leachate in the lower part of the compost bin partition. Assessment of the performance of the compost bin with a chopper is seen from the results of the chopped organic waste produced from the chopper. In the knife chopper test using 5 kg of organic waste, the chopped waste results were obtained with an average size is between 0.5 cm – 1 cm. Compost bin with chopper are designed so that they are easy to operate for households and regional scales. It is expected that the use of the compost bin can facilitate the user so that compost is produced with good quality, large quantity and fast composting time.

Read more :  Enhancing Shallot Growth with Coconut Shell Charcoal and Biocomposts | InformativeBD

 Introduction

Composting activity is an alternative choice in organic waste management using a composter with a decomposition process. With the help of microorganisms on biodegradable organic waste with the final result in the form of humus (Gonawala & Jardosh, 2018). There are two composting methods, namely aerobic and anaerobic processes. The use of a drum composter in the composting method is included in aerobic composting. The use of a drum that has been modified into a composter tool and used in organic waste composting activities in an area will help significantly reduce the amount of waste in a landfill (Manu et al., 2016). In utilizing organic waste in Banjar Regency, the composting method is an alternative that can be applied to convert organic waste into compost.

Indonesia, which is a developing country, is recorded to produce twice the amount of organic waste generation (food waste), which is 50 - 80% of the total municipal waste generation. Compared to the current three developed countries, Japan produces the highest organic waste generation, which is only 40%, followed by the European Union at 34%, and the USA at 24% organic waste generation from the total waste generation (Dalankopoulos et al., 1998)). For this reason, an organic waste management effort is needed which starts with micro-scale management at various points in the territory of the country of Indonesia to help reduce and deal with the problem of organic waste generation in Indonesia.

The discussion regarding Waste Management and TPS Facilities is contained in Law no. 18/2008, 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter (TPS 3R) is a place where activities to collect, sort, reuse, and recycle waste on a regional scale (Nurlela, 2017). Waste that is generated will go into the first processing site, namely the Temporary Shelter – Tempat Penampungan Sementara (TPS). TPS is a place where waste is transported before it is moved to either the recycling site, processing site, Integrated Waste Processing Site – Tempat Pemrosesan Sampah Terpadu (TPST), or 3R Waste Management (TPS 3R) site. Composting municipal waste allows the organic material contained in the waste to be returned to the soil so that the level of soil fertility is maintained because of the addition of organic material as a substitute for material absorbed by cultivated plants. Household-scale composting technology with several considerations such as placement can be done indoors and outdoors, resistant to heat and rain, has a longer shelf life, does not need to replace supporting materials (cardboard), and is easier get the composter container (Wahyono et al., 2016). Some of the obstacles in composting include still using the manual method (Antu & Djamalu, 2019). In addition, there are obstacles in the long composting time due to the large size of the organic waste. The smaller the size of the organic waste, the faster the decomposition will be. Designing a composter with a manual chopper can be a solution to simplify household and communal scale composting such as TPS 3R.

In this design, the development and improvement of the compost bin design was carried out in the three previous studies, namely by adding a compost mixer and improvements to the designs of Purba (2021) and Akhmad (2020) by making a bottom section of the composter bin as in the design of Tjahjani et al. (2008). The addition of a compost mixer in the compost bin is to help the mixing of the compost easier. Improvements to the chopper tool from Purba's research (2021) were also carried out because there were still many deficiencies, the majority of the chopped organic waste results were still not up to standard.

This research will develop the design of Compost Bin that have made in 2021 (Mahyudin et al., 2022) in order to produce tools that are easier to operate. The communal composter will process organic waste from several households to be composted. This composter is designed in such a way that it is easy to operate on a regional scale. Furthermore, testing the performance of the composter will be carried out so that later a variation will be produced that can produce compost with good quality, large quantity and fast composting time.

The urgency of this research lies in the innovative development of Compost Bin design with a chopper which is easier to operate on a regional scale and produces good quality compost that can be used or sold. This research was conducted for identifying the amount and composition of the waste that entering TPS 3R; also to designing a developed Compost Bin with a modification of the chopping knife to process organic waste into compost?

Reference

Akhmad A. 2020. Perancangan. Komposter. Sebagai. Unit.Pengolahan Sampah Pasar. Universitas Pertamina.

Gonawala SS, Jardosh H. 2018. Organic Waste in Composting: A brief review. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 8(1), 36-38.

IPCC. 2006. IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. And Tanabe K. IGES: Japan.

Mahyudin RP, Purba G, Lestari YSD, Firmansyah M. 2022. Design of Household Organic Waste Composter Bins “Tongposcah”. 9 (January), 630–634. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220173

Manu MK, Kumar R, Garg A. 2016. Drum Composting of Food Waste: A Kinetic Study. Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 456–463.

Nurlela N. 2017. Dampak Keberadaan Tempat Pengolahan Sampah 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Dan Recycle) Vipa Mas Terhadap Lingkungan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Bambu Apus Kecamatan Pamulang Kota Tangerang Selatan. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah.

Purba G. 2021. Tugas. Akhir. Perancangan. Tongposcah (Tong Komposter Pencacah) Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga. Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

Republik Indonesia. 2008. Undang-Undang.Republik.Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta. 1–46.

Antu ES, Djamalu Y. 2019. Desain Mesin Pencacah Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Untuk Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Gorontalo (JTPG) 3(2), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.30869/jtpg.v3i2.247

Sunge R, Djafar R, Antu ES. 2019. Rancang Bangun Dan Pengujian Alat Pencacah Kompos Dengan Sudut Mata Pisau 45°. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Gorontalo (JTPG), 4(2), 62–70.

Tjahjani IK, Wignjosoebroto S, Ciptomulyono U. 2008. Perancangan Sistem Pengolahan Sampah Organik Dengan Inovasi Komposter Yang Ergonomis Menggunakan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Manajemen Teknologi VIII, 2–12.

Wahyono S, Widanarko S, Moersidik SS, Djajadiningrat ST. 2016. Metabolisme Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Melalui Teknologi Komposting Di Wilayah Internal Perkotaan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 13(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v13i2.1417

Source : Design and Modification of Compost Bin with a Chopper for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter(TPS 3R) in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan 

 

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Enhancing Shallot Growth with Coconut Shell Charcoal and Biocomposts | InformativeBD

I. Made Sunantra,  and Wawan Apzani, from the different institute of the Indonesia. wrote a research article about, Enhancing Shallot Growth with Coconut Shell Charcoal and Biocomposts. entitled, The effect of coconut shell charcoal (CSC) and liquid biocomposts on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) in dry land. This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This research was conducted to assist farmers in Indonesia in overcoming the problem of scarcity of fertilizers, expensive fertilizer prices and soil conditions on dry lands. The method used is an experimental method with experiments in the field. The activity started in August, 2022 until February 2023. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial experiments. The first factor was Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC) with 2 levels, namely T0 (soil without coconut shell charcoal) and T1 (soil and coconut shell charcoal). The second factor was liquid biocompost consisting of 5 levels, namely P0 (0 cc/litre water), P1 (1 cc/litre water), P2 (2 cc/litre water), P3 (3 cc/litre water) and P4 (4 cc/litre water). The results showed that coconut shell charcoal had a significant effect on shallot growth and yield. This treatment yielded 2.23 tonnes per hectare while the treatment without the addition of charcoal yielded 1.80 tonnes per hectare. The results of this study also showed that liquid biocompost had no significant effect on shallot growth and yield. However, the 4 cc/litre water liquid biocompost treatment gave better results, namely 2.43 tonnes per hectare when compared to the treatment without the addition of liquid biocompost with a yield of 1.80 tonnes per hectare. In addition, the results of data analysis showed that there was no interaction between coconut shell charcoal and liquid biocompost.

Read more : Assessing Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Parquetina nigrescens Extracts | InformativeBD

Introduction

Shallots (Allium cepa L.) are one of the core commodities that can have an impact on inflation in Indonesia (Permentan, 2022). Shallots have an economic value with a high demand so that the cultivation of shallots has spread to almost every province in Indonesia. Anitasari et al. (2019), stated that even though shallots are not a basic necessity like rice, shallots are always needed as a seasoning for all Indonesian dishes. Every year the shallot harvested area decreases (BPS, 2020). This is influenced by the declining productivity of agricultural land as a result of the application of inorganic fertilizers (Hand et al., 2021), high doses of fertilization and pesticides that exceed recommended doses which have an impact on soil structure (Nur and Ismiati, 2007). The decrease in harvested area can be increased by utilizing dry land which has the potential to become productive agricultural land (Rahni et al., 2003). However, not all dry land is suitable for farming. This is due to soil limiting factors such as very steep slopes or shallow soil solums. Therefore, the management of dry land in each region will be different depending on the existing limiting factors (Matheus et al., 2017).

Kata et al. (2020) reported that to improve soil quality in dry land it is necessary to use organic matter. This is in accordance with the opinion of Suntoro (2003) that the application of organic matter can improve the physic, chemical and biological of the soil. Organic fertilizers are divided into two types, namely solid organic fertilizers and liquid organic fertilizers. Solid and liquid fertilizers both have the function of adding nutrients to plants for growth and production.

Planting media is an external factor needed by plants (Budiyani et al., 2023). A good planting medium is a medium that is able to provide sufficient amounts of water and nutrients for plant growth. This can be found in soils with good aeration, good aggregates, good water holding capacity and optimal root system (Lewu and Killa, 2020).

This study is aims to utilizing waste that is considered useless as a solution to improve soil conditions in dry land and reduce the use of expensive and rare synthetic chemical fertilizers. In a previous study Apzani et al. (2015) conducted research on solid organic fertilizers and the results were good. However, Apzani et al. 2018a said that liquid fertilizer has the advantage of being easy to carry and nutrients are directly available to plants and can be applied through roots or leaves. Apzani et al. (2015) also have shown that the coconut shell charcoal has no effect on maize growth and yield. So, that is the motivation for investigated further the study about the effect of coconut shell charcoal and liquid biocompost on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) in dry land.

Reference

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Apzani W, Sudantha IM, Fauzi MT. 2015. Application of Biocompost Stimulator Trichoderma spp. and Biochar Coconut Shell for Growth and Corn Results (Zea mays L.) on Dry Land. Jurnal of Agroecotechnology 9(1), 21-35.

Apzani W, Sunantra IM. 2022. The effect of vermicompost stimulator Trichoderma sp. and local liquid microorganism of hyacinth on growth and production of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 20(5), 1-9.

Apzani W, Wardhana AW. 2018a. Response of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) to the Application of Combination Bioactivator Formula of Coffee Leafs and Hycinth Liquid Organic Fertilizer Fermented by Trichoderma sp. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 13(4), 51-63.

Apzani W, Wardhana AW. 2018b.The Effect of Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Liquid Organic Fertilizer Fermented by Trichoderma sp. to the Growth of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 13(4), 37-50.

Bertham YH, Aini N, Murcitro BG, Nusantara AD. 2018. Trial of Four Soybean Varieties in Coastal Areas Based on Biocompost. Scientific Journal of Biology Biogenesis 6(1), 36-42.

BPS. 2020. Productivity of Shallots According to Province 2015-2019. Central Statistics Agency 2020. http:// www.pertanian.go.id/Data5tahun/Horti ATAP 2020/Produktivitas %20 Bawang % 20 Merah. pdf. [June 5, 2022]

Budiyani NK, Apriastuti NPE, Dwipradnyana IMM. 2023. Growth and Yield Responses of Eggplant Plants to the Use of Growing Media and Dosages of Organic Fertilizers. Journal Ganec Swara 17(1), 278-282.

Gardner FP, Brent P, Roger L, Mitchell. 1991. Physiology of Aquaculture Plants. Translated by H. Susilo. University of Indonesia Press. Jakarta.

Hand MJ, Nassourou M, Nono GV, Taffouo VD, Youmbi E. 2021. Organic and inorganic nutrient sources influeced growth, flowering, fruition, fruit relative water content and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars under salinity in coastal region of Cameroon. IJAAR 18(5), 33-51.

Hayati E, Mahmud, Riza F. 2012. Effect of Types of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yields of Chili (Capsicum annum L.). Floratek Journal 7(2), 173-181.

Kata A, Osmet, Analia D. 2020. Analysis of Soybean Commodity Competitiveness on Dry Land in Tebo Regency. Agri Science Journal 4(1), 48-59.

Khan AA, Jilani G, Akhtar MS, Islam M, Naqvi SMS. 2015. Potential of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms to transform soil P fractions in sub-tropical Udic Haplustalfs soil. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 7(3), 220-227.

Lewu LD, Killa YM. 2020. Rooting Variation, Canopy and Correlation on Soybean Yield at Various Combinations of Watering Intervals and Doses of Organic Matter. Journal of sustainable agriculture 8(3), 114-121.

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Malik A, Gul S, Buriro AH, Kakar H, Ziad T. 2022. Particle size of co-composted biochar: Influence on growth performance of lettuce and concentration of bioavailable soil nutrients under salinity stress conditions. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 20(3), 16-28.

Matheus R, Moy LM, Kantur D. 2017. Utilization of corn stover and pruned Gliricidia sepium biochars as soil conditioner to improve carbon sequestration, soil nutrients and maize production at dry land farming in Timor, Indonesia. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 10(4), 1-8.

Meiyana RY, Salamiah, Soedijo S, Pramudi MI. 2021. Diversity of Soil Surface Arthropods on Shallots Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) Applied by Several Botanical Pesticides In Peatlands. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 19(3), 73-82.

Multazam. 2012. Dosage Test of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Water Use Efficiency and Improvement of Soil Physical Properties and Corn Growth in Sandy Soils of North Lombok. Thesis Master’s Program in Dryland Resource Management, Postgraduate Program, University of Mataram. Mataram.

Nur S, Ismiyati. 2007. Effect of Manure Dosage and Time of Application of Trichoderma spp. Antagonistic Fungi. as Control of Fusarium Wilt Disease on the Growth and Yield of Shallots. Journal of Agrijati 6(1), 14-19

Permentan. 2022. Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2022 concerning Procedures for Determining Allocations and Highest Retail Prices of Subsidized Fertilizers in the Agricultural Sector. State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia. http:// peraturan. bpk.go.id. [Downloaded on March 08, 2023].

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Source : The effect of coconutshell charcoal (CSC) and liquid biocomposts on the growth and yield of shallot(Allium cepa L.) in dry land

 

 

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Assessing Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Parquetina nigrescens Extracts | InformativeBD

Ta Bi Irié Honoré, Dro Bernadin, Ake Claude Bernard, Ake-Assi Ablan Emma, N’guessan Koffi, University of Man, Côte d’Ivoire, UFR Agronomic Forestry, and Environmental Engineering (IAFE), from the different institute of the Côte d'Ivoire. wrote a research article about, Assessing Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Parquetina nigrescens Extracts. entitled, Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts from Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock (Apocynaceae). This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The decoction of the leaves of Parquetina nigrescens (Apocynaceae) is used by Ivorian traditional healers for the treatment of inflammation. Regarding this traditional practice, the present study aimed at evaluating through outa scientific approach the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extracts from Parquetinanigrescens leaves. The extracts were tested according to the model of acute rat paw oedema induced by 1% carrageenan. Several doses of phytomedicines were administered orally to the animal sand ranging as follows: 1600, 2400, 4800 mg/kg. The results obtained with the aqueous extracts of Parquetinanigrescens leaves were firstly compared with those of physiological control (NaCl 0.9%) and thereafter with those of the reference (diclofenac sodium 25 mg/kg). The comparisons were performed at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 15 hours after  injecting carrageenan  into rats. The parameters considered for this purpose arethe percentage increase of paw circumference (%AUG) and the percentage inhibition of treatment (%INH). Thus, therewas a significant difference (p<0.001) between the %AUG of phytomedicine treatment at different doses and those of saline (NaCl). However, for a dose of 4800 mg/kg, when administered byoralroute, the AUG of the phytomedicine are statistically the same as those of diclofenac (25 mg/kg). Comparisons of %INH leadto similar results with %AUG. This study, therefore, confirms the anti-inflammatory properties of Parquetina nigrescens leaves and emphasizes the empirical use of that plant species in the treatment of inflammation.

Read more : Otolith Morphology of Cichlidae Species in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire | InformativeBD

Introduction

Current knowledge places the beginning of humanity at around seven million years ago (Ta et al., 2023). Since that time, man has used plants (Fleurentin, 2007). This is explained by the use of plant in various areas of life (housing, health, food). The health field has given rise to a science called ethnomedicine. Ethnomedicine is defined as the set of beliefs and practices relating to illness in each given society (Laurence, 2021). It is also known as traditional medicine, which is highly developed in African countries. According to traditional medicine, no disease is incurable. It offers treatments for all kinds of diseases: cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and especially inflammatory diseases. Related to inflammation, it is above all a defense mechanism, aiming to neutralize the attacking agent and eliminate damaged tissues (Souhel, 2010). In modern medicine, this health condition is treated with chemical compounds known as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (Ta-Bi et al., 2018). Unfortunately, these drugs provoque other health damages in humans, particularly cardiovascular diseases (Heymonet, 2013; Ta, 2017). Therefore, the use of phytomedicines is increasingly encouraged. Previous ethnomedicinal report in Côte d’Ivoire mentioned the use of Parquetina nigrescens leaves extract in the treatment of anti-inflammatory condition (N'guessan, 2008). Although no scientific investigation was performed in Côte d’Ivoire, the antiinflammatory effect of that plant species was carried out elsewhere like in Nigeria (Owoyele et al., 2009). But the methodology used in this study is different and will be of interest to compare both studies or confirm scientifically the potential of Parquetina nigrescens leaves in inflammation removing. The objective of this study is therefore to seek scientific bases of the use of leaf decoction against inflammatory diseases by traditional medicine form from Côte d’Ivoire.

Reference

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Hoekou YP, Tchacondo T, Gbogbo AK, Agban A, Pissang P, Atakpama W, Karou SD, Batawila K, Akpagana K. 2016. Antimicrobial activities of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock, a plant used in medicine Togolese tradition in the treatment of microbial infections. Africa Science 12 (5), 182-188. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

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N’diaye M, Sy G, Dièye AM, Touré MT, Faye B. 2006. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Annona reticulata (annonaceae) leaves on acute induced rat paw edema by carrageenan. Pharm. Med. Trans. Afr. 2006, Vol. XIV: 179-186. https://docplayer.fr/37640171-Evaluation-de-l-activite-anti-inflammatoire-de-feuilles.html

N’Guessan K. 2008. Medicinal plants and traditional medical practices among the Abbey and Krobou peoples of the Agboville Department (Côte d’Ivoire). State Doctorate Thesis in Natural Sciences, Ethnobotany Specialty, University of Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire), UFR Biosciences, Botany Laboratory, 235 p.

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Owoyele BV, Nafiu AB., Oyewole IA., Oyewole LA, Soladoye AO. 2009. Studies on the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Parquetina nigrescens leaf extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology: 122, 86-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.11027

Souhel M. 2010. Analysis of the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the reference health center of commune III of the Bamako district. Doctorate thesis in pharmacy. University of Bamako.

Soro TY, Néné-bi AS, Zahoui OS, Yapi A, Traoré F. 2015. Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of Ximenia americana (Linnae) (Olacaceae). Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences24(3), 3802-3813. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279531975

Ta BIH, Aké CB, Konkon NG, N’Guessan K. 2018. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts from Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae). The Pharma Innovation Journal 7(4), 800-802. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue4/PartM/7-4-41-596.pdf

Ta BIH.2017. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacodynamic studies of some species of the genus Corchorus L., recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. Single Doctoral thesis, UFR Biosciences, Félix Houphouet Boigtny University of Abidjan, 142 p.

Ta BIH, Doh KS, Yéo S, Aké-Assi E, N’Guessan K. 2023.Study of the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of alchornea cordifolia (euphorbiaceae) and tithonia diversifolia (asteraceae), two plants frequently cited in traditional medicine of Ivory Coast. Rev. Ivory. Sci. Technol. 42, 349-362. https://revist.net/REVIST_42/21-ST-935.pdf

Source : Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts from Parquetina nigrescens(Afzel.) Bullock (Apocynaceae)

 

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Otolith Morphology of Cichlidae Species in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire | InformativeBD

N’Dri Olga Rosemonde , Monney Attoubé Ida, Attoungbre Kouakou Séverin, and Koné Tidiani, from the different institute of the Côte d'Ivoire. wrote a research article about, Otolith Morphology of Cichlidae Species in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire. entitled, Otolith morphology of six species of Cichlidae from Lake Buyo in the South-west of Côte d’Ivoire. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).  an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The morphology of otoliths is used as an indicator of various ecological processes or properties. So the present study was aimed to provide baseline data on the morphology of otoliths in six species of Cichlidae. A total of 179 individuals belonging to six species of the Cichlidae fished in Lake Buyo in June 2021 by artisanal fisheries. The sagitta of these species studied present common morphological characteristics. Indeed, they are elliptical in shape and robust with a concave internal face and a convex external face. However, there are a few differences that help distinguish each species. In the relationships between the total length of the fish and the length of the otolith, the values of the allometry coefficient “a” are between 0 and 1 (0 ˂ a ˂ 1) for all the species considered; they reflect a lowering allometry between the length of the fish and the length of the otolith. The values of the coefficient of determination are very high in Sarotherodon melanotheron (r2 = 0.8961), Oreochromis niloticus (r2 = 0.8469) and Coptodon zillii (r2 = 0.8403). These values reflect a strong correlation between the total length of the fish and the length of the otolith of each species. Our study, in the Ivorian or West African context, has the advantage of providing, on the one hand, morphological data on the otoliths of freshwater fish and, on the other hand, means of estimating the size of fish at from those of the otoliths.

 

Read more : Analyzing Drought Tolerance in Indian Chickpea Varieties | InformativeBD

 Introduction

Fish provides an accessible source of nutritious food and protein for a large portion of the world's population. In Africa, among all ingested protein sources, fish and seafood occupy fourth place, after cereals, legumes and milk (FAO, 2016). However, in developing countries, the late 1990s marked the beginning of the decline in overall catches in continental waters (FAO, 2002). It is currently accepted that fishery resources are not inexhaustible (Jamet and Lagoin, 1981). Thus, supplying populations constitutes a real challenge for governments, especially at a time when consumers are increasingly interested in the quality of their food, given the increasing pollution of aquatic environments. In such a context, it appears important to sustainably manage fish stocks and this necessarily requires better knowledge of the biology and ecology of fish.

The study of fish biology can concern certain organs such as otoliths which provide important information on the species concerned (Panfili et al., 1990). Otolith morphology is used to indicate various ecological processes or properties (Campana and Casselman, 1993). Like other biological structures, otolith morphology exhibits interspecific variability. Indeed, otoliths have a distinctive shape, often characteristic of the fish species to which they belong (Veen et al., 2005). This is why hydrobiologists, as well as taxonomists and archaeologists, often rely on the shape and size of preserved or undigested otoliths to determine which species and sizes of fish were eaten by predators (Olsson and North, 1997). The relationships between the otolith and the fish have been studied by several authors (Echeveria, 1987; Campana et al., 1993; Aydin et al., 2004 and Veen et al., 2005). Also, some researchers have succeeded in measuring the duration of the reproductive cycle of fish (Seret and Opic, 2011) and calculating their age (Panfili et al., 1990) using the otolith.

In Ivory Coast, most of the studies carried out in ichthyology have made it possible to understand the biodiversity of fish (Kamelan, 2014), their food ecology (Kouamélan, 1999), their reproduction (Koné, 2000) as well as their reproduction areas (N'Dri, 2020). However, the field of otolithology remains little explored. So far, the work carried out only concerns fish otoliths from the West African coasts (Veen and Hoedemakers (2005), and few data exist on freshwater fish. In these continental waters, the Cichlidae family is part of the most represented families. It constitutes, for example, 35% of the catches of fishermen from Lake Buyo; with more than eight species (N'Dri et al., 2020; Goli, 2021). Thus, given the combined effect of overexploitation and climate change which threatens the breeding areas of cichlids, which could lead to the disappearance of certain species (Yao et al., 2023), it appears necessary to describe their otoliths in order to archive them. The general objective of this study is therefore to determine the morphological and morphometric data of the otoliths of six species of Cichlids captured in Lake Buyo. This will firstly involve describing the morphology of the otoliths of the species collected and secondly studying the relationships between the size of the fish and that of its otolith.

Reference

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Campana SE Casselman JM. 1993. Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 1062-1083.

Casselman JM. 1990. Growth and relative size of calcified structures of fish Transaction of the American. Fisherie Society 119, 673-688.

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Goli BBEP. 2021. Pêche et analyse socio-économique de l’exploitation halieutique du lac de barrage de Buyo (fleuve Sassandra, Côte D’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Côte d’Ivoire 219 p.

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Kamelan TM. 2014. Peuplement ichtyologique de quelques hydrosystèmes de l’espace Taï (Côte d’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) 276 p.

Koné T. 2000. Régime alimentaire et reproduction d’un tilapia lagunaire (Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell, 1852) dans la rivière Bia et le lac de barrage d’Ayamé (Côte d’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgique 253 p.

Kouamélan EP. 1999. L’effet du lac de barrage Ayamé (Côte d’Ivoire) sur la distribution et l’écologie alimentaire des poissons Mormyridae (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes). Thèse de Doctorat, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgique 221 p.

N’Dri OR. 2020. Identification et caractérisation des frayères à poissons dans le lac de barrage de Buyo (Côte d’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire) 156 p.

N’Dri OR, Konan YA, Bamba M, Monney AI, Koné T. 2020. Length-weight relationships and condition factor of twenty-four freshwater fish species from lake Buyo, Côte D’Ivoire. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 15, 27-34.

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Paugy D, Lévêque C, Teugels GG. 2003b. Faune des poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, Tome II. Éditions IRD (Paris), MNHN (Paris), MRAC (Tervuren) 815 p.

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Secor DH, Dean JM, Laban EH. 1991. Manual for otolith removal and preparation for microstructure examination. Baruch Institute Technical Report 91-1, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 85 p.

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Veen J, Hoedemakers K. 2005. Synopsis iconographique des otolithes de quelques espèces de poissons des côtes ouest africaines. Based on otolith microstructures in Tilapias (Pisces, Cichlidae). Fishery Bulletin 99, 139-15.

Yao KA, N’Dri OR, Bodji IM, N’Zi KG, Koné T. 2023. Buyo hydroelectric dam, Côte d’Ivoire: what impact on ichthyological spawning grounds? American Journal of Environmental Protection 11 (1), 1–6.

Source : Otolith morphology of six species of Cichlidae from Lake Buyo in the South-west of Côte d’Ivoire

 

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Analyzing Drought Tolerance in Indian Chickpea Varieties | InformativeBD

Bhupendra Koul , Devindra Vijay Amla , Indraneel Sanyal , and Ruchi Singh, from the different institute of the India. wrote a research article about, Analyzing Drought Tolerance in Indian Chickpea Varieties. entitled, Analysis of response to water deficit in three Indian varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for drought tolerance. This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture for losses in crop productivity worldwide. Three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties namely P362, P1103 and SBD377 were assessed for response to drought tolerance during vegetative stage, in stress and non-stress environments, under contained conditions. Several physiological parameters including gas exchange, photosynthesis rate, fluorescence, stomatal conductance and water loss per day were monitored simultaneously. P362 variety showed maximum photosynthesis rate in irrigated as well as in drought conditions. This variety also maintained its relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP) during imposition of similar duration of drought. Due to the maximum elasticity of leaf cells, it maintained its cell turgidity upto 68% RWC to protect itself from water stress, compared to variety P1103 and SBD377. The effective solute concentration and osmotic potential in the irrigated controls at full turgor was lowest in P362 variety, compared to the other two varieties. Osmotic adjustment (OA) was assessed as a capacity factor which is rate of change in turgor pressure with RWC. P362 variety showed a maximum OA value of 0.27 while the values for SBD377 and P1103 were 0.22 and 0.21, respectively. During water stress, the chlorophyll content was minimally reduced in P362 variety, therefore effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and photosynthesis rate was maximally maintained. The higher photosynthesis rate under irrigated conditions and maintenance of higher RWC under drought conditions makes P362 variety a promising option for optimum yield under prolonged terminal drought or under rain-fed conditions.

 Read more :  Staphylococcus aureus Drug Resistance in Sinusitis Patients | InformativeBD

Introduction

The land plants have been coping with water stress, ever since they left the seas and colonized the dry land (Thomas 1997). As time passed by, progressive anthropogenic activities of the modern era has made the weather more unpredictable and crop plants dependent on rainwater are still facing the vagaries of the ever changing weather conditions. Because, land plants experience constant fluctuations in the availability of water, they have evolved adaptive features to search for and absorb water through their root systems, to prevent excessive transpirational water loss and to adjust their physiology and biochemistry for survival and sustainable growth and (Zhang et al., 1996; Zhu et al., 1997).

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an ancient legume crop believed to have originated in South Eastern Turkey and adjoining parts of Syria (Singh 1997). It is the second most important pulse crop of the world and covers 15% of the cultivated area thus, contributing to 14% (7.9 million tonnes) of the world’s total pulses productivity of 58 million tonnes. India is the largest producer of chickpea in the world but the yield has been stagnating for last two decades primarily due to abiotic and biotic stresses and relatively slow progress in its genetic improvement (Dita et al., 2006; FAO 2012).

Chickpea plays a significant role in the nutrition of both rural and the urban population in the developing world. Improving its adaptation to drought including terminal drought is critical for sustained grain yield under rain-fed cultivation. From an estimated 3.7 million tonnes annual loss in chickpea through water deficit in semi-arid regions, about 2.1 million tonnes could be recovered by crop improvement efforts (Bhatnagar-Mathur et al., 2009). However, the multigenic and quantitative nature of drought tolerance makes it difficult to increase abiotic stress tolerance using conventional plant breeding methods and availability of genotypes tolerant to drought (Singh et al., 2012). Unfortunately, cultivated chickpea has high morphological but narrow genetic diversity and understanding the genetic processes of this plant is hindered by the fact that its genome has not yet been annotated for adequate EST and SNP resources (Varshney et al., 2013; Jain et al., 2013). Although, chickpea is considered as drought-tolerant cool-season food legume but terminal drought still limits chickpea production and grain yield. Due to terminal drought seed yield can be reduced by 58−95% compared to irrigated plants with reduction in pod production per plant and abortion are the chief factors affecting the overall grain yield (Behboudian et al., 2001; Leport et al., 2006).

In chickpea, a deep root system, osmotic adjustment, high leaf water potential, early flowering and maturity, high biomass, and apparent redistribution of stem and leaf dry matter during pod filling are associated with drought tolerance (Morgan et al., 1991; Subbarao et al., 1995; Leport et al., 2006). The requirement of water during flowering, pod development and seed filling stages is crucial for the productivity of chickpea plant. The influence of drought on yield of chickpea has been documented, but extensive research on the physiological responses of water stress on chickpea is limited (Sheldrake and Saxena 1973; Turner and Begg 1981). Leaf water potential is a good indicator of plant water stress and correlates well with different plant functions and crop productivity in legumes (Sojka and Parsons 1983; Phogat et al., 1984)

Three chickpea varieties P362, P1103 and SBD377 were grown for the assessment of drought stress response under water deficit and non-stress environments. Various physiological parameters like plant water loss per day, plant height, total photosynthesis area, relative water content, plant water potential, gas exchange, fluorescence and wet sensor reading of soil parameters were assessed. Based on these physiological parameters, the best responding variety to drought stress environment was determined during the course of the study, which can be incorporated in chickpea breeding programmes for the introgression of drought tolerance trait in other high yielding but drought sensitive varieties for cultivation in rain fed areas and genetic improvement of chickpea for drought tolerance.

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Source : Analysis of response to water deficit in three Indian varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fordrought tolerance

 

 

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