3R Temporary Shelter: Compost Bin Design and Modification | InformativeBD

Rizqi Puteri Mahyudin, Muhammad Reynaldi Faradil Rakhim , Noriana Apriana , Muhammad Abrar Firdausy , Andy Mizwar , Yuni Safaria Dwi Lestari ,and  Bambang Joko Priatmadi, from the different institute of  Indonesia. wrote a research article about, 3R Temporary Shelter: Compost Bin Design and Modification. entitled, Design and Modification of Compost Bin with a Chopper for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter (TPS 3R) in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub.. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Composting is an effective method of managing organic waste from decomposition by microorganisms. This research using composting technique with a modification compost bin with additional chopper on the top of the bin. The composter was designed using an HDPE drum with a height of 100 cm and a diameter of 50 cm with the addition of a chopper and a manual compost mixer as well as a lower cross-section. This research aimed to calculate the amount and composition of waste in TPS 3R Sekumpul and to design modification of a compost bin to handle the problem of organic waste in TPS 3R Sekumpul. The average waste generation in TPS 3R Sekumpul is 66,875 kg/day with the composition of the waste generated including compostable (organic) at 4.28%, resaleable waste at 93.85%, and residual waste at 1.87%. The manual chopper is designed with 7 blades with a slope of 45° which are placed on an iron plate connected to a handle to rotate the chopper. The rotate is in the form of a spiral attached to the rotate handle and connected to the drum cover and the bottom section is a rectangular metal structure having 4 wheels on each side. All of the tools that are designed and made can work smoothly without being constrained during the testing of the tool. The composter drum can accommodate up to 25 kg of compost and leachate in the lower part of the compost bin partition. Assessment of the performance of the compost bin with a chopper is seen from the results of the chopped organic waste produced from the chopper. In the knife chopper test using 5 kg of organic waste, the chopped waste results were obtained with an average size is between 0.5 cm – 1 cm. Compost bin with chopper are designed so that they are easy to operate for households and regional scales. It is expected that the use of the compost bin can facilitate the user so that compost is produced with good quality, large quantity and fast composting time.

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 Introduction

Composting activity is an alternative choice in organic waste management using a composter with a decomposition process. With the help of microorganisms on biodegradable organic waste with the final result in the form of humus (Gonawala & Jardosh, 2018). There are two composting methods, namely aerobic and anaerobic processes. The use of a drum composter in the composting method is included in aerobic composting. The use of a drum that has been modified into a composter tool and used in organic waste composting activities in an area will help significantly reduce the amount of waste in a landfill (Manu et al., 2016). In utilizing organic waste in Banjar Regency, the composting method is an alternative that can be applied to convert organic waste into compost.

Indonesia, which is a developing country, is recorded to produce twice the amount of organic waste generation (food waste), which is 50 - 80% of the total municipal waste generation. Compared to the current three developed countries, Japan produces the highest organic waste generation, which is only 40%, followed by the European Union at 34%, and the USA at 24% organic waste generation from the total waste generation (Dalankopoulos et al., 1998)). For this reason, an organic waste management effort is needed which starts with micro-scale management at various points in the territory of the country of Indonesia to help reduce and deal with the problem of organic waste generation in Indonesia.

The discussion regarding Waste Management and TPS Facilities is contained in Law no. 18/2008, 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter (TPS 3R) is a place where activities to collect, sort, reuse, and recycle waste on a regional scale (Nurlela, 2017). Waste that is generated will go into the first processing site, namely the Temporary Shelter – Tempat Penampungan Sementara (TPS). TPS is a place where waste is transported before it is moved to either the recycling site, processing site, Integrated Waste Processing Site – Tempat Pemrosesan Sampah Terpadu (TPST), or 3R Waste Management (TPS 3R) site. Composting municipal waste allows the organic material contained in the waste to be returned to the soil so that the level of soil fertility is maintained because of the addition of organic material as a substitute for material absorbed by cultivated plants. Household-scale composting technology with several considerations such as placement can be done indoors and outdoors, resistant to heat and rain, has a longer shelf life, does not need to replace supporting materials (cardboard), and is easier get the composter container (Wahyono et al., 2016). Some of the obstacles in composting include still using the manual method (Antu & Djamalu, 2019). In addition, there are obstacles in the long composting time due to the large size of the organic waste. The smaller the size of the organic waste, the faster the decomposition will be. Designing a composter with a manual chopper can be a solution to simplify household and communal scale composting such as TPS 3R.

In this design, the development and improvement of the compost bin design was carried out in the three previous studies, namely by adding a compost mixer and improvements to the designs of Purba (2021) and Akhmad (2020) by making a bottom section of the composter bin as in the design of Tjahjani et al. (2008). The addition of a compost mixer in the compost bin is to help the mixing of the compost easier. Improvements to the chopper tool from Purba's research (2021) were also carried out because there were still many deficiencies, the majority of the chopped organic waste results were still not up to standard.

This research will develop the design of Compost Bin that have made in 2021 (Mahyudin et al., 2022) in order to produce tools that are easier to operate. The communal composter will process organic waste from several households to be composted. This composter is designed in such a way that it is easy to operate on a regional scale. Furthermore, testing the performance of the composter will be carried out so that later a variation will be produced that can produce compost with good quality, large quantity and fast composting time.

The urgency of this research lies in the innovative development of Compost Bin design with a chopper which is easier to operate on a regional scale and produces good quality compost that can be used or sold. This research was conducted for identifying the amount and composition of the waste that entering TPS 3R; also to designing a developed Compost Bin with a modification of the chopping knife to process organic waste into compost?

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Source : Design and Modification of Compost Bin with a Chopper for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter(TPS 3R) in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan