Climate-Smart Agriculture Boosts Food Security Among Urban Gardeners in Réo, Burkina Faso | InformativeBD

Nadège Compaoré, and Joseph Yaméogo, from the institute of Burkina Faso. wrote a Research Article about, Climate-Smart Agriculture Boosts Food Security Among Urban Gardeners in Réo, Burkina Faso. Entitled, Impact of climate smart agriculture adoption on food security: The case of urban market gardeners in the city of Réo, Burkina Faso. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Climate change is affecting Burkina Faso’s cities. This situation is forcing urban dwellers to take innovative measures to adapt. Several smart strategies have been implemented in urban market gardening to cope with recent rainfall variability over the period 2001-2021. The main objective of the study is to analyze the changes in rainfall in the area, the smart strategies used and the consequences in terms of food security of the strategies promoted in urban market gardening in Réo. To achieve this, a methodology combining secondary and primary data was required. Descriptive statistics, linear and logistic regression and the rainfall concentration index (PCI) were used to process the data collected. The study showed that the area has a high variability, with a PCI >20, reflecting a high variability and concentration of rainfall over a few months. In addition, the cumulative annual rainfall is increasing over the decade 2001-2021. This situation forces farmers to adopt a number of intelligent strategies to deal with the situation. This has led to leafy vegetable production, multi-species integration in vegetable plots and the introduction of short-cycle vegetables. These strategies have led to an increase in dietary diversity and a high level of food consumption, which has had an impact on the food security of market gardeners. The level of food insecurity is also low. This shows that the smart strategies promoted in the garden plots lead to high levels of food security for the market gardeners.

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Introduction

Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other statistics (such as standard deviations, occurrence of extremes) of the climate on all time scales (IPCC, 2022). It affects every continent in the world and Africa is no exception (IPCC, 2021). In West Africa, changes in precipitation are long-run trends (Lüning et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2021). In the Sahelian zone of West Africa, the Sahelian rainfall regime is characterised by a persistent deficit in the number of rainy days. At the same time, the frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased between 1970 and 2010 (Panthou et al., 2014). The proportion of annual precipitation associated with extreme precipitation increased from 17 % in 1970 to 1990, to 18.9 % in 1991 to 2000, and to 21 % in 2001 to 2010 (Panthou et al., 2014).

Sylla et al. (2016) suggest that West Africa will experience shorter rainy seasons, widespread arid and semi-arid conditions, longer dry spells and more intense extreme precipitation. In the face of this situation, smart agriculture has been identified by international organizations as a solution (Finizola et al., 2024). This is because it is a key strategy to ensure the sustainability of agricultural systems and to guarantee food security and nutrition in the context of a changing climate (Antwi and AntwiAgyei, 2023). Consequently, the issue is the subject of research in many countries around the world. Studies have been conducted in India (Kaur et al., 2023; Agarwal et al., 2022), Indonesia (Luckyardi et al., 2022) and Bangladesh (Hasn et al., 2018). In Africa, the majority of studies on climate-smart strategies have focused on East Africa. Studies focus on the drivers of smart agriculture adoption in Malawi (Shani et al., 2024), Ethiopia (Zeleke et al., 2024) and Kenya (Ndung'u et al., 2023). Other studies explore the impact of smart strategies on livelihoods (Tilahun et al., 20/23) and food security in South Africa (Abegunde et al., 2022). 

However, there are few studies in the Sahel region of West Africa, such as in Burkina Faso. Several studies in the north and south-west (Yanogo and Yaméogo, 2023), in the Mouhoun loop (Rouamba et al., 2023) and in the west (Sougoué et al., 2023) show an increase in extreme rainfall between 1980 and 2020. In urban areas, however, the situation will be critical, as extreme precipitation trends will increase over the period 2020-2040 (Yaméogo, 2024). The integration of smart strategies has become an important necessity for urban dwellers. In Burkina Faso's cities, people are opting to change their socio-economic activities, as in the city of Réo, in the province of Sanguié, in the centre-west of Burkina Faso. The town is crisscrossed by many low-lying areas. The inhabitants take advantage of these natural conditions to grow vegetables in the town. However, the variability of rainfall forces them to reorganize the cultivation systems on their plots (Yanogo, 2023). In order to cope with the current rainfall conditions, this situation forces the gardeners to adopt a variety of smart strategies in the garden plots. The main objective of the study is therefore to analyze the changes in rainfall in the area, the smart strategies used and the consequences in terms of food security of the strategies promoted in urban market gardening in Réo.

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