BioELIT Effectiveness Against Melon Fly in Cucumber Cultivation | InformativeBD

Diabate Dohouonan, Kouadio Kouakou Norbert, Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moïse and Tano Yao, from the institute of Côte d'Ivoire. wrote a Research article about, BioELIT Effectiveness Against Melon Fly in Cucumber Cultivation. Entitled, Effectiveness of the insecticide BioELIT on Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cucumber Cucumis sativus (Linné, 1753). This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of cucurbit fruits. It reduces the quality and yield of cucumber despite the use of chemical pesticides harmful to humans and the environment. Thus, this study was conducted in the Tonkpi region to compare the efficacy of the botanical extract BioELIT® to the chemical pesticides K-OPTIMAL 35 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC® commonly used by farmers. Foliar applications of these three insecticides were made from the 35th day after sowing. Only the control plots were not treated. For each treatment and the untreated, 5 replicates were made. Each elementary plot was two meters long and one meter wide. Sampling of Bactrocera cucurbitae adults were made weekly by using pitfall traps and direct observation, starting on the 35th day after planting just before the first foliar applications. From the 45th day after sowing, three visits with an interval of 4 days were made to count fruits attacked by Bactrocera cucurbitae. The results showed that the females of Bactrocera cucurbitae sting the young cucumber fruits, insert eggs and cause the loss of elaborated sap accumulated in the fruit, the malformation of the fruit, the browning then the necrosis of the fruit tissues. The botanical extract BioELIT® showed similar efficacy to the pesticides K-OPTIMAL 35 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC®. These treatments significantly reduced the number of Bactrocera cucurbitae on cucumber. The percentages of reduction of Bactrocera cucurbitae infested on cucumber varied between 12% and 70% during the trial. The number of fruits attacked (F= 27.103; p <0.0001) and the fruit attack rates (F= 73.352; p <0.0001) by Bactrocera cucurbitae were statistically identical in the plots treated with the botanical extract BioELIT® and the pesticides K-OPTIMAL 35 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC®. Thus, the botanical extract BioELIT® can replace chemical pesticides in the control of Bactrocera cucurbitae.

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Introduction 

The fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of Cucurbitaceae and solanaceae fruits in the tropics and subtropics (McQuate and Teruya, 2015; Assi et al., 2017; Shahzadi et al., 2019). It reduced both fruits quality and the yield of cucumber. The insects B. cucurbitae cause abundant crop losses (Déclert, 1990; Koyama et al., 2004) and crop losses vary between 30% and 100% despite chemical pesticides application (Dhillon et al., 2005; Shahzadi et al., 2019). In Côte d’Ivoire, farmers use pesticides to protect cucumber Cucumis sativus against B. cucurbitae (Doumbia and Kwadjo, 2009). However, in Côte d’Ivoire, several studies showed that, the recommended application rates were not respected and only 27% of pesticides used by farmers were registered (Doumbia and Kwadjo, 2009). Indeed, these pesticides used by farmers were persistent and accumulate in water, soil and air but also in food (Baglieri et al., 2011; Horváth et al., 2013). Furthermore, during foliar spraying, a proportion of pesticides always reach bacteria, earthworms, insects and soil fungi. Their toxic effects reduce the activity of the essential fauna for maintaining soil fertility.

In order to guarantee food safety for consumers and to preserve the environment, maximum residue limits for pesticides in food and water must be increasingly low. It is therefore important to provide an alternative solution to the use of pesticides by advocating the use of biopesticides. Thus, in Japan, the population of B. cucurbitae has been considerably reduced by the release of sterile insects (Koyama, 1994). In Thailand, parasitoids have been used to the control of B. cucurbitae (Ramadan and Messing, 2003). In Hawaii and Taiwan, the biopesticide Spinosad has been used against B. cucurbitae as an alternative to organophosphate pesticides that are harmful to humans and the environment (Hsu et al., 2012).

In India, various seed and leaf extracts and plant bulbs significantly reduced Bactrocera tau (Walker) egg hatch (Thakur et al., 2012). Thus, this study was conducted in the Tonkpi region to compare the efficacy of the biopesticide BioELIT® with the two chemical pesticides Cypercal 50EC® and KOPTIMAL 35 EC® commonly used by farmers. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of the biopesticide BioELIT® and the two chemical insecticides on the level of infestation and the attack rate of cucumber fruits by B. cucurbitae.

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Article source : Effectiveness of the insecticide BioELIT on Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cucumber Cucumis sativus (Linné, 1753)