Optimizing Taxus baccata In Vitro Culture: Explants, Media & Hormones | InformativeBD

Behjat Sasan Baharak, Omidi Mansoor, Naghavi Mohammad Reza,  Hariri Akbari Farhad, Kalate Jari Sepideh, Shafiee Mehdi, and Shafiee Mohammad, from the institute of Iran. wrote a Research article about, Tephrosia vs. Alfapor®: Tick Control in Borgou Cattle. Entitled, Effect of explants, salts concentration medium and hormone treatments on Taxus baccata in vitro culture. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Taxus baccata is an endangered forest tree species with low regeneration. The highest Callus induction (96.67%) was occurred on ½ MS medium which had one-fourth nitrogen (KNO3, NH4NO3) supplemented with glutamine, 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l Kin from stem. The maximum callus size (80.67 mm2) was obtained from leaf culture on ½ MS medium in combination with glutamine, 2 mg/l NAA and 0.2 mg/l Kin. In order to observe cells meristematically, the tissue was transferred to the ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l 2,4-D and 3 BAP for 7-8 weeks. In micropropagation, adding activated charcoal (2 g/l) to the medium increased the average number of new leaves and shoot elongation. The maximum shoot elongation (2.66 cm) and growth new leaves were observed in the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l Kin after 1 month. The best Rooting of elongated shoots was obtained in the WPM medium without growth regulators.

Read more : Tephrosia vs. Alfapor®: Tick Control in Borgou Cattle | InformativeBD 

Introduction

Taxol, a unique drug employed for the treatment of cancers, was first identified in 1954. This effective agent was extracted from the bark of Taxus species. European yew (Taxus baccata) is a slow growing tree with regeneration which is endangered and prone to extinction due to the small size and senescent status of most populations. Moreover seeds of Taxus are more difficult to germinate than most of the coniferous species (Pilz, 1996 a, b).

Many attempts have been devoted to produce Taxol by chemical synthesis, but to date the availability of this anticancer compound is not sufficient to satisfy the commercial requirements. On the other hand, reduced pools of natural adult trees available for the extraction, and low levels of paclitaxel and related taxanes in Taxus tissue, underline the need for an alternative source of taxanes, such as plant cell and tissue culture (Mihaljevic et al., 2002). Vegetative propagation elite yew can serve as a renewable and economic tissue source for increasing taxol production (Ho et al., 1998), But several years are still required to masspropagation these clones. However, cutting and grafting technique have been employed in propagation of Himalayan yew recently (Saini 2001). Chee (1995) and Eccher (1988) reported methods on large scale propagating of Taxus spp. In addition, Wickremesinhe and Arteca (1993) reported methods on initiation of callus cultures and maintenance of suspension cultures of Taxus species. Young stem cutting of adult trees were commonly used as primary explants sources for callus induction (Mihaljevic et al., 2002). This result encouraged us to attempt to optimize the induction and selection of T. baccata callus lines on modified MS medium in combination with hormonal treatments and two type explants for fast growing culture. Micropropagation might be a very useful tool to use for the mass propagation of superior yew trees and the production of high-quality plantlets for nursery operation.

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