Isolation and Characterization of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Human Saliva | InformativeBD

Veenayohini Kumaresan, and Ganesh Punamalai, from the institute of India. wrote a research article about, Isolation and Characterization of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Human Saliva. Entitled, Isolation and Characterization of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Human Saliva. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher. 

Abstract

Probiotics, which are non-pathogenic microorganisms, interact with the gastrointestinal microbiota and offer various health benefits. These include boosting the host’s immune response, acting as antiallergic agents, and exhibiting antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Probiotics are also capable of restoring the disrupted microbiome in a dysbiotic gut. While they can be isolated from different environments, it is often recommended that probiotics intended for human use should be sourced from human origins. The present study shows the successful isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from saliva. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the collected saliva samples using MRS medium. The isolated bacterial strains were tested for hemolytic activity to verify their non-pathogenic nature. Further, the strains were partially identified by biochemical and microscopic observations; afterwards, the bacterial isolates, which showed non-hemolytic, were tested for their resistance potential against the standard antibiotics. The observed result shows that among the 94 individual isolates, only 12 showed non-hemolytic activity on the blood agar medium. Moreover, the isolated lactic acid bacteria belong to the Lactobacilli genus. The tested lactic acid bacterial strains almost showed resistant patterns against many tested antibiotics. The study’s findings demonstrate the variety of microbial species in human saliva. Given that these strains are derived from humans, they are likely to exhibit peak efficiency in applications related to food and pharmaceuticals designed for human consumption.

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 Introduction

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria, commonly referred to as LAB, are a group of microorganisms known for their potential health benefits. LABs are frequently found in fermented foods and are considered promising probiotic candidates due to their ability to produce lactic acid and antimicrobial components (Sandi et al., 2019). These bacteria are crucial in regulating intestinal microbial homeostasis, influencing nutrient availability, and modulating local and systemic immune responses (Hossain et al., 2016). The probiotic effects of LAB are attributed to various factors, including their ability to adhere to human cells, exclude pathogenic microbes, and exhibit immunomodulatory and anticarcinogenic activities (Moroeanu et al., 2015). Studies have highlighted the significance of LAB, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, in conferring probiotic benefits (Sjofjan et al., 2021). LAB, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius, are commonly associated with probiotic properties (Tamang and Lama, 2022). These bacteria are known for enhancing antimicrobial immune protection, thereby aiding in protection against microbial pathogens (Cross, 2002).

Consequently, the search for new bacterial strains with various inherent attributes has emerged to explore their potential utility in treating a wide range of disorders. For example, The application of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 10241 probiotic strain in a burn model has revealed its potential to hinder Pseudomonas aeruginosa's growth by stimulating phagocytosis of this pathogen by tissue phagocytes, reducing apoptosis, and ultimately promoting tissue repair (Valdéz et al., 2005). In recent years, the issue of antibiotic resistance has gained significant attention, leading to increased research on probiotics and their products as possible alternatives.

The use of probiotics can help in the fight against pathogens through various mechanisms, including competitive exclusion, boosting the function of the intestinal barrier, and producing antimicrobial compounds such as peptides (Fijan, 2016; Besser et al., 2019).Several Lactobacillus strains have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of various multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens, including MRSA. (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and Clostridium difficile (Chen et al., 2019; Nami et al., 2019b). Probiotics are present in various environments, including dairy products, fermented foods, and the human body.

However, probiotics derived from humans are commonly recommended for human use (Sanders, 2008; Kumar et al., 2020). This study aimed to isolate probiotic LAB strains from saliva of healthy individuals and evaluate their probiotic potential.

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