Enzyme-Producing Microbes: Isolation & Identification from Marine-Associated Plants | InformativeBD

J. Valli, from the different institute of India. K. Kanimozhi, from the different institute of India. V. Ambikapathy, from the different institute of India . and A. Panneerselvam, from the different institute of India. wrote a Research Article about, Enzyme-Producing Microbes: Isolation & Identification from Marine-Associated Plants. Entitled, Isolation and identification with different enzyme production from marine associated plants. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity . under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The current research focuses on the diversity and screening of endophytic fungi found within three distinct marine-associated plants, which reside inside the host plant without causing any observable negative impact on them like Avicennia marina, Suaeda maritima, Salicornia brachiata. The maximum number of colonies was isolated from Avicennia marina, and Salicornia brachiata followed by Suaeda maritima. The eighteen fungi were identified such  as Aspergillus conicus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. luchuensis, A. ochraceus, A. terreus, A. ustus, Alternaria geophylla, Alternaria tenuis, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium falcatum, Helminthosporium sativum, Neonectria ranularia, Nigrospora sphaerica, Penicillium janthenellum, Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer by  morphological  characters were significantly resulted. The fungal strains were screened by amylase, cellulase, lipase, and protease production. Among them only fungal strain were maximum (A. niger) and minimum zone of inhibition (Choanephora cucurbitarum) were observed in protease production followed by amylase. Maximum produced cellulase (A. ochraceus) and minimum zone of inhibition (Rhizopus stolonifer) followed by lipase. Totally these (Aspergillus conicus, A. ochraceus) two fungi are present in all enzyme production. However, these endophytic fungi were excellent biological activities for future endeavor.

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Introduction

Endophytic fungi that live inside the tissues of living plants are under - explored group of microorganisms (Akinloye et al., 2002). There are believed to be at least a million of various kinds of endophytic fungi. Recently, there has been a surge in interest surrounding them due to their ability to safeguard their host against infections, insect pests, and even domestic herbivores.

(Arnold et al., 2003 and Arnold et al., 2001) almost all the plant species (400,000) harbor one or more endophytic organisms, (Choedon et al., 2006) Only a select group of plants have been extensively examined in terms of endophytic biodiversity and potential for generating bioactive secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi usually exist slowly with their host just under certain conditions they can turn into facultative pathogens. Endophytic fungi are naturally found within plants’ tissues and cause no detectable disease symptoms in the plant. However, it is believed to possess supporting ecological and physiological benefits for the plant (Iyabo et al., 2023). One of the most important functions of endophytic fungus is to start the biological degradation of a host plant that's dead or dying, which is essential to nutrient recycling (Clay and Schardl, 2002). The coast protection, storage of carbon, and buffering of seawater from terrestrial pollutants are only some of the biological benefits that marshes, which are transitional places between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems provide. They ecological services additionally serve to improve the health of water. Because these are able to absorb a lot of wind and wave energy, salt marshes along the coast contribute to reducing storm damage (Traut, 2005). All plants in nature have a symbiotic relationship with fungi, that is essential for their capacity to fight off numerous illnesses and biotic and abiotic stresses in order survive and grow (Selim et al., 2012; Evans, 2007).

Ecosystems that inhabit mangrove forests are fascinating and complex (Feller et al., 2010). Mangrove plants are salt-tolerant plants that act as important sources in the marine food chain. In addition, they create novel metabolites that are native to the environment and have many of important economic and ecological functions (Bandarnayake, 2002). The Salicornia species are small, succulent-like plants with erect lateral branches and a jointed horizontal main stem that grows to be usually less than 30 cm tall. The plant may appear to be lacking leaves due to the small, scale-like leaves (Schulz et al., 2002; Strobel and Daisy, 2003). Endophytic fungi have been discovered as possible sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. Fungal endophytes are a polyphyletic category of predominantly ascomycetous fungi that dwell within wholesome host tissues during at least one phase of their life cycle and without affecting any visible symptoms of disease or negative effects on their hosts (Sandrawati et al., 2020). In this context, microorganisms of unique and unexplored ecological niches such as endophytes that inhabit such biotopes, containing marine plants like algae, sea-grass, driftwood, and mangrove plants (Esraa et al., 2021).

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