Agronomic Response of Rice Genotypes to Bacterial Leaf Streak Disease in Uganda | InformativeBD

 

Kanaabi Michael, Tusiime, Geoffrey, Tukamuhabwa, Phinehas, Zziwa, Simon,  JL Andaku, Lamo, and Jimmy, from the different institute of Uganda. wrote a Research Article about, Agronomic Response of Rice Genotypes to Bacterial Leaf Streak Disease in Uganda. Entitled, Characterizing agronomic response of rice genotypes to bacterial leaf streak disease in Uganda. This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR).  an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Bacterial leaf streak disease (Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. Oryzicola) is a devastating disease of rice that is endemic to Asia and parts of the West African coast. In 2014, researchers in Uganda confirmed the occurrence of bacterial leaf streak disease (BLS) in the country. Having been only recently confirmed in the country, the agronomic response of rice genotypes to the disease has not been studied and therefore the extent of damage to rice due to bacterial leaf streak disease (BLS) has not yet been estimated. A study was conducted with the objective of characterizing the agronomic response of rice genotypes with varying levels of reaction to BLS. Spray inoculation was done 30 days after planting and data collected on BLS incidence and severity starting 15 days after inoculation, then every 10 days for the next 40 days. Data were also collected on yield and yield components at maturity. A strong positive correlation (r=0.99) was found to exist between BLS AUDPC and loss in 1000 grain weight. Regression of AUDPC against yield loss was found to be highly significant (P=0.002), with a high coefficient of determination (R2-0.98). The study revealed that BLS caused yield losses of 0.8-19.2% and losses in panicle fertility of 2.1-13.6%.

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Introduction

The occurrence of bacterial leaf streak disease in Uganda was confirmed recently (Afolabi et al., 2014), although symptoms had been seen years earlier. According to Nino-Liu et al., (2006), the disease is endemic to Asia and parts of the West African coast where it first was reported in Nigeria in the early 1980s (Nino-Liu et al., 2006), then in Burkina Faso (Wonni et al., 2011), Madagascar (Poulin et al., 2014), Mali (Wonni et al., 2014) and Burundi (Afolabi et al., 2014a). The pathogen is seed born so it can be rapidly distributed to new areas through infected seed. Its dispersal is also aided by irrigation water and insects in addition to transimission through direct plant – plant contact. The pathogen gains entry into the leaf epidermis via the stomata although injury due to mechanical damage may also aid its entry. In Asia and the USA, BLS is of quarantine importance (NinoLiu et al., 2006). Chen et al., (2007) reported that in Asia, BLS causes yield losses of up to 60% on susceptible rice varieties.

Typically, successful infection of a plant host by a pathogen is a result of the interaction of a virulent pathogen with a susceptible host under favorable environmental conditions (John and Fielding, 2014). Diseases constrain rice production by causing losses in both the quality and quantity of harvested produce due to their negative impact on the plant’s physiological processes (Muller et al., 2010). Measuring or predicting the effect of a disease is vital in making disease management decisions. Much as the eventual effect is loss in yield, the agronomic components that bring about this need elucidation. This information is important for resistance breeding. It has long been established that resistance breeding is the most feasible approach to manage grain diseases. A field experiment was therefore set up to study the effect of BLS on grain yield and yield attributes of rice using rice genotypes with varying levels of susceptibility to BLS disease.

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