%20Mokolo%20pond,%20(b)%20Kpokolota%20Pond.JPG "(a) Mokolo pond, (b) Kpokolota Pond, (c) Ngaikada Pond, (d) Côte d 'azur Pond and (e) Mopa pond.")
Gwladys Joelle Mogue
Kamdem, Serge Hubert Zébazé
Togouet, Beatrix Elisabeth Beisner, Joseph Guy Nziéleu Tchapgnouo, Janvier Kengne Tenkeu, and Abraham Fomena, from
the institute of Cameroon. wrote a Research article about, Pond Life in
Focus: How Environment Shapes Zooplankton in Bertoua. entitled, Environmental
conditions and zooplankton community structure in five ponds in Bertoua City,
Cameroon (Central Africa). This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly
research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International
Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary
research journal publisher.
Abstract
The degradation of
surface water quality in Cameroon is linked to the absence of a functional
waste management strategy. For such a strategy to be efficient, a general
understanding of aquatic ecosystems will be of importance, these management
strategies are particularly lacking in the eastern part of the country. To
better understand and appreciate the ecosystems in the town of Bertoua, five
ponds where chosen for the physicochemical and zooplankton communities
analysis. Sampling on these ponds was conducted from March 2016 to April 2017
on a monthly basis. Samples for physicochemical analysis were collected at 20cm
below water surface at the middle of each pond and measured were done following
the recommendations of Rodier and Alpha. Biological samples were collected by
filtering 50 liters of water through a 64µm mesh opening sieve. Identification
was done using standard methods and identification keys. One-way ANOVA analysis
was conducted to assess the potential differences between the different ponds
base monthly observations. Although they are all hypereutrophic, with regard to
the values of the physicochemical parameters, the five ponds showed no
significant difference between them but, the structure of the zooplankton
community remains very diverse. 118 zooplankton species have been identified in
the five ponds. The distribution of zooplankton in these hydrosystems was
mainly governed by the presence of organic matter. This study sheds light on
the status and biological diversity of ponds in eastern Cameroon, data on which
to rely to develop management strategies.
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Introduction
Like other aquatic
environments, ponds are characterized by linked food chains that form food webs
with interacting populations of fish, macroinvertebrates, zooplankton,
phytoplankton and bacteria that also interact with their living environment
(Dussart, 1980, Zébazé Togouet, 2000). Ponds also provide habitats for
waterbirds and contribute to economic activity to the extent that they allow
the development of fish farming. This harmony easily disturbed by anthropogenic
activities. Despite being sites of high biodiversity, pond communities are not
generally considered in conservation programs, various human activities such as
urbanization, farming etc, contribute in deteriorating water quality and making
them unsuitable for biodiversity maintenance. Today, ponds around the world are
in crisis because of continues population growth and pressure from
anthropogenic activities (Cairns, 2005). The case of East Cameroon is no
exception. Indeed, with the uncontrolled settlement of populations in the
watersheds and the development of industries, ponds are often used as
receptacles for various domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents (Vikram
Reddy, 2005), resulting in a degradation of water quality via accelerated
eutrophication, especially in highly populated areas. However, since this part
of Cameroon is rapidly developing, it is important to measure the impact of
growing pollution on the water systems so as to establish a protection programs
for the different water bodies that have not yet been affected by the pollution
and a better restoration program for those sites that have been degraded. Very
little hydrobiology work has been done so far in this forest area of the
country which shows a humid tropical climate. Development in this area should
be subject to systematic control to prevent environmental damage. Such
conservation is of interest not only for the ecological restoration component,
but also with respect to human health and ecosystem services.
Studies to determine
the physicochemical and biological status of ponds in particularly understudied
geographic regions are needed in order to assess their current states and to
propose adequate measures of their management to local authorities. This
current study focuses on urban ponds typical of the East region of Cameroon.
In other parts of the
country ponds have been found to be in poor ecological states and we sought to
determine whether ponds in East region of Cameroon are similarly degraded. The
characterization of physicochemical and biological parameters of these
hydrosystems was carried out to provide an initial assessment of ecological
state that could be of use to managers in the region for the development of
aquatic ecosystem conservation programs.
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