Biocontrol of Oil Palm Pests Using Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana | InformativeBD

 

N’Guessan Ange Parfait, from the institute of Côte d’Ivoire. Tano Djè Kévin Christian, from the institute of Côte d’Ivoire.Yao N’Guessan, from the institute of Côte d’Ivoire. and Tah Gueu TatianaThérèse et Dao Hassane, from the institute of Côte d’Ivoire. wrote a Research Article about, Biocontrol of Oil Palm Pests Using Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Entitled, Effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on adults of Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti and Mariau, 1999 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pest of oil palm (Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire). This research paper published by the, International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Coelaenomenodera lameensis is the main pest of oil palm in West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. This species is a leaf miner which, by proliferating, causes enormous damage to oil palm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 358 and Met 359) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb 11) on C. lameensis adults. Trials were carried out under controlled infestation on an oil palm plot at the University Jean Lorougnon Guédé in Daloa. Male and female adults were captured and introduced into a muslin-covered cage containing leaflets. Each sex was divided into four batches: a 1st batch treated with Met 358, a 2nd batch treated with Met 359, a 3rd batch treated with Bb 11 and a 4th batch of controls. These adults were sprayed, 48 hours later, at the following concentrations 102; 104; 106; 108; 1010 and 1012 spores/ml for each fungal isolate (Met 358, Met 359 and Bb 11). Three replicates were carried out per treatment for each batch containing 40 adult males and 40 adult females. Concentrations of 1010 and 1012 spores/ml induced mortality rates of up to 100% in less than 7 days with the various fungi. These biopesticides could be an alternative to the abusive use of synthetic insecticides to reduce the damage caused by the pest C. lameensis.

Read more : Stocking Density and Calcium Diet: Effects on Achatina fulica Egg-Laying Performance | InformativeBD

 Introduction

Oil palm, grown for its oleaginous fruit in some twenty countries around the world, is the leading source of vegetable oil, accounting for 39% of vegetable oil production and 66% of marketed oils (Rival, 2020). In 2016, the oil palm sector recorded 65 million tons worldwide, 85% of which was supplied by Malaysia and Indonesia (Rival, 2020). In Côte d’Ivoire, the palm oil sector ranks 4th in the economy. It employs over a million people in the southern part of the forest zone and generates over 400 billion CFA francs in sales (D'Avignon, 2013), with production of 450,000 tons of crude palm oil a year (Cucumel, 2020). Côte d’Ivoire is the 2nd largest producer and 1st largest exporter in Africa. It also ranks 5th worldwide (Cucumel, 2020). 

Unfortunately, this crop, at all stages of development, is exposed to numerous phytosanitary problems. These include attacks by several pests, the most important of which is Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti et Mariau, 1999 (Anougba, 2022). During severe outbreaks, this insect causes extremely serious damage, leading to a drop in production of up to 30- 50% over a period of 2-3 years (Mariau, 2001; Coffi et al., 2012; Tano et al., 2013). Controlling this pest is therefore a necessity.

There are many methods of combating this insect: chemical and biological. Unfortunately, these methods have not yet succeeded in completely eliminating this pest (Kouassi et al., 2020). The massive use of synthetic insecticides creates numerous problems: environmental pollution and consequent human poisoning, the elimination of beneficial insects, the destruction of wildlife and the contamination of groundwater and rivers (HénaultEthier, 2015).

It would therefore be interesting to focus on other equally effective control methods that cause fewer ecotoxicological problems, including biological control of insect pests, which is a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to chemicals worldwide (Lacey et al., 2015). This control involves the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control insect pest populations. They are responsible for infections in many insect species (Aby et al., 2022). Among these entomopathogenic fungi, particularly those belonging to the Metarhizium and Beauveria genera show great promise against insect pests (Mnyone et al., 2009; Lwetoijera et al., 2010; Mnyone et al., 2012).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 358 and Met 359) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb 11) on C. lameensis adults.

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Source : Effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on adultsof Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti and Mariau, 1999 (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) pest of oil palm (Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire)

 

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Impact of Mineral and Organic Fertilization on Agronomic Traits of Cassava Seedlings in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire | InformativeBD

Serge Kouadio N'gonian , Auguste-Denise Mambé Boye, Kévin Junior Borel Aka, and Elie Konan Yobouet, from the different institute of the Pakistan. wrote a research article about, Impact of Mineral and Organic Fertilization on Agronomic Traits of Cassava Seedlings in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire. entitled, Influence of mineral and organic fertilization on some agronomic parameters of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) seedlings in Daloa (Centre-West, Côte d’Ivoire). This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and AgriculturalResearch (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher. 

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of mineral and organic fertilization on some agronomic parameters of cassava nursery plants Bocou 1 and Yavo (Manihot esculenta Crantz). For this purpose, 1200 cassava plants were produced on 10 substrates based on soil supplemented with chicken droppings, sawdust, carbonized rice husks and NPK 10 18 18. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized Fisher block design on two 880 m2 subplots 6 m apart. The planting density was 1 m x 1 m with three replications per treatment, i.e. 600 plants per cassava variety. The manures used were chicken manure, charred rice husks and NPK 10-18. Results showed that treatments T2S6 (T2: Carbonized rice husks; S6: Substrate 6) and T2S3 (T2: Carbonized rice husks; S3: Substrate 3) induced better plant growth than the other treatments for the two cassava varieties studied. The highest yields were obtained with treatments T3S2 (T3: NPK 10 18 18; S2: Substrate 2) (456.83 t/ha) and T2S8 (T2: Carbonized rice husks; S8: Substrate 8) (423.25 t/ha) at Bocou 1 and Yavo, respectively. The results of this study will help optimize cassava production in Côte d’Ivoire and improve the purchasing power and livings standard of producers.

Read more : Soil Examination and Measurement in Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati, Pakistan I InformativeBD

Introduction

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical plant cultivated mainly for its starch-rich tuberized roots (IITA, 1990). Cassava is a recognized abundant and inexpensive source of food energy (Bruijn and Fresco, 1989). With the strong demographic growth and the rapid expansion of cassava cultivation, there has been a sharp increase in the area cultivated and a continuous exploitation of the soil.

The continuous cultivation of soils causes a rapid degradation of their fertility, which translates into a decrease in agricultural yields (Feller & Milleville, 1997; Traoré et al., 2007). One promising approach is to provide soils with different types of organic matter and mineral fertilizers in order to increase the availability of soil nutrients (Palm et al., 1997).

In general, the use of mineral and organic fertilizers on food crops in rural areas remains insignificant given the low purchasing power of the farmer. Mineral fertilizer is used on only 5.17 percent of the land on small family farms, compared to 5.21 percent on large farms (Troupa and Koné, 2003). In addition, organic fertilizer in the form of manure is only used in a tiny proportion of less than 2%, regardless of the type of farm (Troupa and Koné, 2003).

However, cassava is known to be a soil-depleting plant in terms of the mineral mobilization required for its cultivation. Moreover, at the end of the cycle, the fixed assets of a production of 25t.ha-1 of tuberous cassava roots are high and correspond on average to 151 units of N, 52 units of P2O5, 245 units of K2O, 120 units of CaO and 48 units ofmgO (Pouzet, 1988; Raffaillac and Nedelec, 1984). Thus, it seems appropriate to optimize the production of speculative surplus value through mineral and organic fertilization. Hence the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the impact of mineral and organic fertilization on certain agronomic descriptors of cassava nursery plants.

More specifically, it is to evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilization on the cover rate and vigor of cassava plants and to determine the effect of mineral and organic fertilization on the production parameters of cassava nursery plants.

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Source : Influence of mineraland organic fertilization on some agronomic parameters of Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) seedlings in Daloa (Centre-West, Côte d’Ivoire)    

 

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