Grain & Oil Yield Variability in Castor Bean Accessions Across Savannah Zones | InformativeBD

T. L. Tchuenteu, C. Megueni, and Y. N. Njintang, from the institute of Cameroon. wrote a Research article about, Grain & Oil Yield Variability in Castor Bean Accessions Across Savannah Zones. Entitled, A study of the variability for grain and oil yield and yield related traits of castor beans accessions in two savannah agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB.  an open access scholarly research journal Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Field trials were carried out to investigate the seeds/oil yielding ability and yield related traits of three accessions of castor beans (Motso 1, Motso 2 and Ndoutourou) cultivated in the environmental conditions of the two agro-ecological zones of Northern Cameroon (Sudano-guinea zone and Sudano-sahelian zone). Planting was done following a randomized block design with 3 replications and three treatments (Castor bean accessions) in each of these study zones. The growing parameters, the seeds yield and oil yield were evaluated. Growing parameters and seeds and oil yields were significantly different (p<0.05) between castor bean accessions and the two study zones. Castor bean accessions adapted better in the Sudano-Guinea zone than the Sudano-sahelian zone. Irrespective of the growing zone, Ndoutourou accession possessed the highest seeds and oil yield, 4.09±0.004 and 4.28±0.02 t ha-1 respectively in Sudano-Guinea zone and Sudano-Sahelian zone) is more than those of Motso 1 and Motso 2 accessions. Motso 1 accession has the smallest seeds yield. It comes out from these results that Ndoutourou accession can be recommended to farmers of Northern Cameroon to be integrated into their agricultural systems.

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Introduction

Castor bean (Ricinus comminus L.) is an oleaginous (40-60% oil) cultivated for its seeds which yield viscous, pale and non-volatile yellow oil (Pina et al., 2005). The oil has many industrial applications notably it is used in the manufacture of paints, dyes, inks, waxes, varnishes, lubricants and brake fluids (Devendra and Raghavan, 1978; Ramos et al., 1984; Ogunniyi, 2006). The castor oil obtained by cold pressing of seeds is also used in household for soap production and as purgatives and laxatives (Weiss, 2000). Castor plant is cultivated industrially in many countries like India, China, Brazil, Madagascar (Pina et al., 2005). However India alone exports 0.73 Mt of castor seeds per year accounting to 60% of the total world production and therefore largely dominates the market. Despite the more and more increasing production, the demand for castor beans in the world market steadily increases (Sujatha et al., 2008), then given opportunity to improve and increase castor beans production. In this respect Reddy and Matcha (2010) suggested that castor bean crop can become a cash crop in modern agriculture. Studies have been initiated in this direction to introduce and study the adaptability of castor bean in different soil of several countries including USA (Baldwin and Cossar, 2009) and in Europe (Laureti and Marras, 1995; Koutroubas et al., 1999). Such study seems to be not undertaken under savannah climate, at the best of our knowledge. Yet, Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a C3 plant has been dedicated to be native of tropical Africa (Baldwin and Cossar, 2009).

In the perspective to explore the feasibility of castor oil as an alternative cash crop in Cameroon, questions on the growing performance of available accessions in the savannah regions needs to assess. Castor plant has been demonstrated to growth well in little shade environments where there is soil rich in organic manure, well drained and possessing neutral pH (Weiss, 2000). Castor bean yield also depend on the latitude and management practices (Oplinger et al., 1990). The seed oil content depends on the genotype, but it is also affected by the environmental conditions, cultural practices and time of harvesting.

Koutroubas et al. (1999) investigated the adaptation and yield of 19 castor bean plants genotypes and observed that the plant height depend mainly on the genotype, the site and the year of the experimentation. High temperatures, above 35°C, and water stress during the flowering and oil formation can reduce the seed oil content (Weiss, 1983). One of the most important factors affecting the seeds oil content is the variety, and in this respect Ramos et al. (1984) surveyed 36 castor bean varieties in Brazil for oil and fatty acid composition and revealed a large variability of seed oil percentage ranging from 39.6% to 59.5%.

Castor bean cultivation is not popularized in subSaharan Africa. Recent investigation on castor beans available in Cameroon revealed the presence of some accessions in the sudano-guinea and sudano-sahelian savannah zones where they are used as fence (Tchobsala, 2008) and /or soil fertilisation (Azim, 2005). Tchobsala (2008) listed 16 accessions of castor bean in North Cameroon. Djonbada (2010) investigate the agronomics characteristics of these castor bean accessions in field in North Cameroon and 3 of them named Motso 1, Motso 2 and Ndoutourou were identified as the best seeds yielding accessions. The savannah area seems to be favorable to castor production; however no information exists on their performance under this climate since the environmental conditions are determinant factors conditioning their growth and seed yield. The agronomies characteristics and oil content of castor bean from other countries such as Brazil, Nigeria, India and China had been studied. The agronomic characteristics of these local castor bean accessions cultivated in field in Adamawa and Maroua regions (Cameroon), the seeds oil content from these areas, as well as the influence of these localities on these parameters are not known. The research question on this study concerned then the evaluation of the performance of 3 local accessions of castor beans in 2 agro-ecological savannah zones of Cameroon. In other words what are the height, the number of leaves, the survival rate and seedling emergence, number of bunches per plant and number of fruits per bunch and seed yield of the accessions since seeds and oil yields depend on these parameters (Koutroubas et al., 1999). The purpose of this work was to study the yielding ability, the yield related traits and the oil yield of three castor bean accessions (Motso 1, Motso 2 and Ndoutourou) cultivated in field in two agro ecological savannah zones, the SudanoGuinea zone and the Sudano-Sahelian zone. The importance and usefulness of this work follows from the fact that the castor bean accession that adapts best in two agro-ecological zones of Northern Cameroon and has a better oil yield will be popularized.

Reference

Azim K. 2005. The nematicidal and the fertilizing effect of argan, castro and neem cak. Availability, utilization and potential value. World Review of Animal Production 14 (4), 11–27.

Baldwin BS, Cossar RD. 2009. Castor yield in response to planting date at four locations in the south-central United States. Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 29, Issues 2–3, March 2009, 316-319.

Devendra C, Raghavan GV. 1978. Agricultural by-products in South East Asia: availability, utilization and potential value. World Review of Animal Production 14(4), 11–27.

Djonbada P. 2009. Caractérisation de quelque accessions de Ricinus communis (L.) de la zone cotonnière du Cameroun et propriétés physico-chimiques des huiles issues de leurs graines. Mémoire soutenu de Master, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Ngaoundéré Cameroun, 34-48.

Koutroubas SD, Papakosta DK, Doitsinis A. 1999. Adaptation and yielding ability of castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes in a Meditarranean climate European Journal of Agronomy 11, 227-237.

Laureti D, Marras G. 1995. Irrigation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in Italy. European Journal of Agronomy 4, 229-235.

Maroyi A. 2007. Ricinus communis L. In: van der vossen. H.AM. and Mkamilo. G.S. PROTA:14:vegetable oils/oléagineux. Wageningen. Pays Bas, 12.-18. 

Ogunniyi DS. 2006. Castor Oil: A vital industrial raw material. Bioresource Technology 97, 1086-1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028 

Oplinger ES, Oelke EA, Kaminski AR, Combs SM, Doll JD, Schuler RT, 1990. Castor beans. Alternative Field Crops Manual, May 1990. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/castor.html.

Pina M, Severino LS, Beltrão NEM, Villeneuve P, Lago R. 2005. De nouvelles voies de valorisation pour redynamiser la filière ricin au Brésil. Cahiers Agricultures 14(1), 169-171.

Ramos LCD, Tango JS, Savi A, Leal NR. 1984. Variability for Oil and Fatty Acid Composition in Castor bean. Varieties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 61, 1841-1843.

Reddy KR, Matcha SK, 2010. Quantifying nitrogen effects on castor (Ricinus communis L.) development, growth and pathogensis. Industrial Crops and Products (In Press) 31, 185-191

Scholz V, Da Silva JN, 2008. Prospects and risks  of  the use of  castor  oil  as a  fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy 32, 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.08.004

Sujatha M, Reddy TP, Mahasi MJ. 2008. Role of biotechnological interventions in the improvement of castor (Ricinus communisL.) and Jatropha curcas L. Biotechnology Advances 26, 424-435.

Tchobsala, Amougou A, Abou AAN, Wey J, 2008. Inventaire des variétés de Ricinus comminus L. dans la zone cotonnière du Cameroun. In Biosciences and foods security.16ème conférence annuelle du Comité Camerounais des Biosciences, 81.

Tchuenteu TL, Megueni C, Tchobsala, Njintang YN. 2013. Effects of Intercropping Systems of Castor Bean, Maize and Common Bean on Their Growth and Seed Yield in the Soudano Guinea Zone of Cameroon. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A & Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B. Volume 3, Number 8B. Unpublished.

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Article source : A study of the variability for grain and oil yield and yield related traits of castor beans accessions in two savannah agro-ecological zones of Cameroon

 

 

 

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Effects of Two Propagation Methods on Growth and Seed Yield of Jatropha curcas (L.) in Tandjilé Region, Chad | InformativeBD

Kabé Hinlibé Karka, Megueni Clautilde, Tchobsala, and Tchuenteu Tatchum Lucien, from the different institute of the Tchad and Cameroon. wrote a research article about, Effects of Two Propagation Methods on Growth and Seed Yield of Jatropha curcas (L.) in Tandjilé Region, Chad. Entitled, Effets of two plants propagation methods on Jatropha curcas (L.) growth and seeds yield in Tandjilé region (Chad). This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Field trial was carried out in Chad to investigate the effects of two plants propagation methods on productivity of Jatropha curcas L. cultivated in four localities (Djoun, Insatal, Laï-Djoum and Tchoua) at Tandjilé region in Chad. Planting was done following a randomized block design with four replications and two treatments (plants propagation methods: cuttings of stem and seedling). Physico-chemical properties of growing soils were assessed. The growing parameters and seeds yield were evaluated. Results shown that growing parameters and seeds yield were significantly different (p˂0.05) between both plants propagation methods and four study localities. J. curcas adapted better in Tchoua locality than other three experimental sites. Cuttings of stem exhibited the highest (104±1.9 Kg/ha) seeds yield while the lowest (88±3.7 Kg/ha) is observed under seedling plants propagation method in each of four study sites. It comes out from this study that plants propagation method using cuttings of stem can be recommended to farmers of Tandjilé region (Chad) to be integrated into their agricultural systems for J. curcas growth.

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Introduction 

National communities, non-governmental organizations, national and international institutions have in recent years become aware the danger posed by the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide whose fossil fuel constitutes the main emission source (Minengu et al., 2014). Faced with the industries development and exponential growth of world's population, it is urgent to find a source of alternative energy to avoid energy crisis (Fall, 2007; Sall, 2007). Research focuses on bioenergy, particularly on non-edible plants that can produce oils with biofuel potentiality (Dieye, 2007; Bellefontaine, 2001; Nwaga, 2009). Jatropha curcas L., a shrub belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is one of the vegetable species that can solve energy problems because the oil extracted from its seeds can be used as biofuels without competing with food crops. J. Curcas growth well in intercropping with food crop (Dauriat et al., 2001, FAO, 2010). This plant is not edible for humans or livestock. It is widely used in traditional medicine. Seeds oil from J. curcas is used in the manufacture of biofuel, handmade soap, ointment and then used as insecticides and nematocides for crops protection (Hammaoui, 2006).

The cake obtained after seeds oil extraction is an excellent organic fertilizer for crops (Penjit, 2012). This cake can be used as fodder for livestock after detoxification (Kasuya et al., 2013). The stem of J. curcas is used for hedgerows construction. J. curcas adapts to various soils, withstands long periods of drought and requires very little maintenance. But its optimal production requires a well-drained and fertile soil (Bellefontaine, 2001; Olivier, 2007). Many countries in the world, including America, Asia and recently some West African countries have embarked on its culture for biofuels production. The Sudanian zone of Chad offers a favorable climate for planting this shrub in order to solve the socio-economic needs of population stricken by poverty. The purpose of this work was to evaluate (1) the physico-chemical characteristics of soils from Sudanian savannah of Tandjilé (Chad), (2) plants propagation methods (seedling and cuttings of stem) as well as localities of Sudanian savannah of Tandjilé (Chad) on J. curcas growth and development. The importance and usefulness of this work follows from the fact that the plants propagation method and the Chad study area which will provide the highest seeds yield of J. curcas will be popularized.

Reference

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Kasuya MCM, Da Luz JMR, Pereira LPD, Da Silva JS, Montavani HC, Rodrigues MT. 2013. Bio-detoxification of Jatropha seed cake and its use in animal feed. In Biodiesel – Feedstocks. Production and Applications. Zhen Fang (editor). In Tech. Chapters published 309-330. DOI: 10.5772/45895

Koutroubas SD, Papakosta DK, Doitsinis A. 1999. Adaptation and yielding ability of castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes in a Meditarranean climate European Journal of Agronomy 11, 227-237.

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Minengu JD, Mobambo P, Mergeai G. 2014. Influence de l’environnement et des pratiques culturales sur la productivité de Jatropha curcas L. en Afrique Subsaharienne (Synthèse bibliographique) 18(2), 290-300.

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Tchuenteu TL, Megueni C, Njintang YN. 2013. A study of the variability for grain and oil yield and yield related traits of castor beans accessions in two savannah agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. International Journal of Biosciences 3(8), p. 251-263.

Source: Effets of two plants propagation methods on Jatropha curcas (L.) growth and seeds yield in Tandjiléregion (Chad)

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