Effects of Two Propagation Methods on Growth and Seed Yield of Jatropha curcas (L.) in Tandjilé Region, Chad | InformativeBD

Kabé Hinlibé Karka, Megueni Clautilde, Tchobsala, and Tchuenteu Tatchum Lucien, from the different institute of the Tchad and Cameroon. wrote a research article about, Effects of Two Propagation Methods on Growth and Seed Yield of Jatropha curcas (L.) in Tandjilé Region, Chad. Entitled, Effets of two plants propagation methods on Jatropha curcas (L.) growth and seeds yield in Tandjilé region (Chad). This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Field trial was carried out in Chad to investigate the effects of two plants propagation methods on productivity of Jatropha curcas L. cultivated in four localities (Djoun, Insatal, Laï-Djoum and Tchoua) at Tandjilé region in Chad. Planting was done following a randomized block design with four replications and two treatments (plants propagation methods: cuttings of stem and seedling). Physico-chemical properties of growing soils were assessed. The growing parameters and seeds yield were evaluated. Results shown that growing parameters and seeds yield were significantly different (p˂0.05) between both plants propagation methods and four study localities. J. curcas adapted better in Tchoua locality than other three experimental sites. Cuttings of stem exhibited the highest (104±1.9 Kg/ha) seeds yield while the lowest (88±3.7 Kg/ha) is observed under seedling plants propagation method in each of four study sites. It comes out from this study that plants propagation method using cuttings of stem can be recommended to farmers of Tandjilé region (Chad) to be integrated into their agricultural systems for J. curcas growth.

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Introduction 

National communities, non-governmental organizations, national and international institutions have in recent years become aware the danger posed by the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide whose fossil fuel constitutes the main emission source (Minengu et al., 2014). Faced with the industries development and exponential growth of world's population, it is urgent to find a source of alternative energy to avoid energy crisis (Fall, 2007; Sall, 2007). Research focuses on bioenergy, particularly on non-edible plants that can produce oils with biofuel potentiality (Dieye, 2007; Bellefontaine, 2001; Nwaga, 2009). Jatropha curcas L., a shrub belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is one of the vegetable species that can solve energy problems because the oil extracted from its seeds can be used as biofuels without competing with food crops. J. Curcas growth well in intercropping with food crop (Dauriat et al., 2001, FAO, 2010). This plant is not edible for humans or livestock. It is widely used in traditional medicine. Seeds oil from J. curcas is used in the manufacture of biofuel, handmade soap, ointment and then used as insecticides and nematocides for crops protection (Hammaoui, 2006).

The cake obtained after seeds oil extraction is an excellent organic fertilizer for crops (Penjit, 2012). This cake can be used as fodder for livestock after detoxification (Kasuya et al., 2013). The stem of J. curcas is used for hedgerows construction. J. curcas adapts to various soils, withstands long periods of drought and requires very little maintenance. But its optimal production requires a well-drained and fertile soil (Bellefontaine, 2001; Olivier, 2007). Many countries in the world, including America, Asia and recently some West African countries have embarked on its culture for biofuels production. The Sudanian zone of Chad offers a favorable climate for planting this shrub in order to solve the socio-economic needs of population stricken by poverty. The purpose of this work was to evaluate (1) the physico-chemical characteristics of soils from Sudanian savannah of Tandjilé (Chad), (2) plants propagation methods (seedling and cuttings of stem) as well as localities of Sudanian savannah of Tandjilé (Chad) on J. curcas growth and development. The importance and usefulness of this work follows from the fact that the plants propagation method and the Chad study area which will provide the highest seeds yield of J. curcas will be popularized.

Reference

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Source: Effets of two plants propagation methods on Jatropha curcas (L.) growth and seeds yield in Tandjiléregion (Chad)

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Bioefficacy of Neem and Jatropha Seed Extracts on Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) | InformativeBD

Diabate Dohouonan, Golly Koffi Julien , Ahon Gnamien Marcel , and Tano Yao, from the different institute of the Côte d’Ivoire. wrote a research article about, Bioefficacy of Neem and Jatropha Seed Extracts on Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella). Entitled, Bioefficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Jatropha curcas L. seeds aqueous extracts on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract 

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an important pest of cruciferous crops in Côte d’Ivoire. It is a destructive pest of cabbage and it is developed resistance to many conventional insecticides. This study was carried out to evaluate the repellency and antifeedant effects of Azadirachta indica and Jatropha curcas seeds aqueous extracts on Plutella xylostella larvae and compared to two insecticides (Decis12 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC®) used by farmers under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations of Azadirachta indica seed powders (10.3, 25.9 and 41.5g) and of Jatropha curcas seed powders (14.7, 36.9 and 59.1g/L) and one concentration of the insecticides Decis 12EC® (0.042g/L) and Cypercal 50 EC® (0.13g/L) were separately applied on 20 larvae of Plutella xylostella for the antifeedent tests. For the repellent effect tests, 20 larvae of Plutella xylostella were placed on the middle of Whatman paper which half were uniformly applied with each insecticide or biopesticides. Three replicates were performed for each concentration of the treatments. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica 25.9 and 41.5g/L and of Jatropha curcas 59.1g/L seeds powders have higher antifeedant and repellency effects on Plutella xylostella larvae than the insecticides Decis 12 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC® in 72 hours. Antifeedant and repellent effects of these botanical extracts were increased with seeds extracts concentrations. Thus, the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica seed powders 25.9 and 41.5g/L and of Jatropha curcas 59.1g/L can be used to protect efficiency cabbage crops against Plutella xylostella and the environment.

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Introduction

The cabbage-moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a major pest of cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica in tropical and subtropical area (Seenivasagan and Paul, 2011; Diabaté et al., 2014). These insect pests are responsible for abundant crop losses and have reduced nutritional and low market values of cabbage (Cartea et al., 2009; Kirsch and Schmutterer, 2009). The larvae feed on the foliage of cruciferous plants and it cause an estimate 90% loss of production despite pesticides application (Cartea et al., 2009; Kirsch and Schmutterer, 2009; Diabaté et al., 2020).

In Côte d’Ivoire, farmers use chemical insecticides for the control of P. xylostella. Indeed, recommended application rates are not respected and only 27% of pesticides used by farmers are registered (Doumbia and Kwadjo, 2009). This intensive use of chemical pesticides has led to the development of resistance of P. xylostella to a wide range of insecticides (Zhao et al., 2006; Sayyed and Wright, 2006; Pu et al., 2010). However, that are hampered by many attendant problems such as toxicity to humans that consume the product, development of P. xylostella resistant strains to pesticides and the cost of procurement (Kirsch and Schmutterer, 2009; Nehare et al., 2010; Shen et al., 2010).

P. xylostella larvae develop physiological, biochemical, or anatomical mechanisms that allow them to reduce the effects of products applied to crops (Dugravot 2004; Zhao et al., 2006; Agboyi et al., 2016; Xue, 2018). These chemical pesticides used by farmers are persistent and accumulate in water, soil, air and in food (Baglieri et al., 2011; Horváth et al., 2013). Traoré et al. (2008) showed that the presence of the pesticide organochlorine in fish and in cow's milk in several regions of Côte d’Ivoire where cabbage cultivation where established. In addition, severe damage is caused to the natural enemies of this pest by the chemical insecticides (Shi et al., 2004). Their toxic effects reduce the activity of essential fauna for soil fertility (Baglieri et al., 2011; Horváth et al., 2013). Thus, the control of P. xylostella constitutes an ecological, environmental and health threat. The use of more natural methods that can offer compatible control efficiency plus the benefit to the environment is most favoured. The objective of this work was to evaluate the repellency and antifeedant effects of aqueous extracts of Jatropha and neem grain powders on P. xylostella larvae (L2) per contact in view of their large scale applicability.

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Source : Bioefficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Jatropha curcas L. seeds aqueous extracts on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

  

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