Seed Storage Impact on Germination and Survival of Syzygium polycephaloides | InformativeBD

 

Jan Orville P. Bautista,  and Novelyn D. Buhong, from the different institute of the Philippines. wrote a research article about, Seed Storage Impact on Germination and Survival of Syzygium polycephaloides. entitled, Germination and survival of Syzygium polycephaloides (C. B. Rob.) Merr. (Myrtaceae) under varying seed storage duration. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

S. polycephaloides or lipote is native in the Philippines that needs protection and conservation due to its usefulness and is considered as vulnerable and endangered. However, no studies were conducted about the effect of seed storage in germination and survival of S. polycephaloides. The study aimed to address this gap and study the impact of different duration of seed storage on the percent germination percent germinative energy and percent survival of S. polycephaloides. Single mother tree of lipote served as seed source and collected four times with 10 days interval (T0 – 0 day storage), (T1 – 10 days storage) (T2 – 20 days storage) (T3 – 30 days storage) and sown it simultaneously. One-way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test post hoc analysis were used to assess the difference among treatments in terms of germination and percent survival indicators. Analysis on the seed storage revealed that there is a significant difference among treatments applied to S. polycephaloides seeds in terms of percent germination and percent survival. Specifically, S. polycephaloides seeds under T2 (20 days of storage) had the highest germination percentage of 93.12% followed by T3 (30 days storage) with 92.5%, T1 (10 days storage) with 81.8%, and T0 (control) with 78.13%. S. polycephaloides seeds under T3 (30 days storage) obtained the highest percent survival of 98.57% compared to T2 (20 days storage), T0 (control), and T1 (10 days storage) obtained 97.27%, 89.65%, and 87.04%, respectively. Both T2 and T3 are significantly higher as compared to the control (T0) (p<.049). Longer storage of seeds appeared to improved germination of S. polycephaloides. The results can be served as basis for future reforestation project and future researches aiming to improve the seed physiological condition of S. polycephaloides under seed storage.

Read more : Carbon Storage and Biomass of Mangrove Forests in Samar, Philippines | InformativeBD

Introduction

Today, the demand of functional food has increase significantly in recent years. Functional foods are ones that offer advantages to health beyond merely meeting nutritional needs. They contain physiologically active ingredients that aid in lowering chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and other illnesses.

Syzygium polycephaloides is indigenous to the Philippines. Its berry can be juiced and turned into wine or eaten ripe and raw. The antioxidant content of S. polycephaloides is similar to vitamin E (Santiago et al., 2007). In local communities, indigenous fruit trees are important because it serves as food, nutrition and income. However, out of 300 edible fruit tree species in the Philippines only few are cultivated commercially and many others are still remaining underutilized (Dulay et al., 2022).

Storage of seeds helps to preserve its viability because there is a period of time between planting and harvesting. Some of the farmers, researchers, plantation owners used seed storage to recalcitrant, intermediate and orthodox seeds for the purpose of maintaining the seed in good physical and physiological condition from the time they are harvested until the time they are planted. Many Syzygium species like S. cuminii, S. jambos and S. polycephaloides are considered recalcitrant to intermediate seeds wherein these seeds are sensitive to drying and can be kept for several months in low temperature (Abbas et al., 2003).

According to Sultana et al. (2016), there are some various elements that influence seed quality that includes temperature, insects, and all other biotic and abiotic components. Seed stored in low temperature germinate higher compared to the seeds stored in high temperature since high temperature increase the respiration rate and enzymes activity resulting the overhaul of food reserves before the seeds germinate that leads to seed decrease vigor and physical quality seed (Mbofung, 2012). Lack of availability of quality seeds leads to a decline in production due to low percent germination, poor development of seedlings and reduce adaptation in the field (Jyoti and Malik, 2013). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the percent germination, percent germinative energy and percent survival of S. polycephaloides as affected by different seed storage duration.

Reference

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Source : Germination and survival of Syzygium polycephaloides (C. B. Rob.) Merr. (Myrtaceae) under varyingseed storage duration 

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Carbon Storage and Biomass of Mangrove Forests in Samar, Philippines | InformativeBD

Meriam M. Calipayan, Mark P. Bello, Raffy D. Aloquin, Marvin C. Aculan, and Shirleen Grace A. Brillantes, from the different institute of the Philippines. wrote a research article about, Carbon Storage and Biomass of Mangrove Forests in Samar, Philippines. entitled, Diversity, stand structure, biomass and carbon storage potential of natural and planted Mangrove Forests in Samar, Philippines. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Samar is one of the provinces in the Philippines with the most extensive remaining mangrove forest. However, information on ecology and carbon sequestration capacity is limited. Thus, this study aims to assess the species diversity, community structure, and carbon stock in the natural and planted mangrove stands in Zumarraga, Samar. The transect-line method was used to collect vegetation analysis and diversity data, while biomass estimation used an allometric equation. Fifteen sampling plots of 10 m x 10 m  were established in each sampling site, representing the seaward, middleward, and landward zones. The species composition of these areas consists of 11 species belonging to 5 families. Biodiversity indices indicated very low species diversity for both types of mangrove forests. Avicennia marina was the most important species, with an importance value (IVI) of 168.55% (natural stand) and 75.61% (planted stand). The total carbon stock was 71.97 t C ha⁻¹ in the natural stand and 391.44 t C ha-1 in the planted stand. Overall, even if both mangrove stands have very low species diversity, their ability to store and sequester carbon cannot be undermined, as evident in the biomass and carbon stock values. Thus, sustainable management strategies and efforts should be made to protect this naturally grown and planted mangrove ecosystem.

Read more :  Detecting MicroplasticContamination with Nile Red | InformativeBD

Introduction

Mangrove forests are coastal wetland ecosystems considered one of Earth's most highly productive ecosystems, contributing various functions and services to surrounding coastal areas (Van Oudenhoven et al., 2015). It provides many useful human products, such as charcoal, medicines, and building materials (Barbier et al., 2011). Moreover, mangroves aid in regulating floods, erosion, and saltwater intrusion (Camacho et al., 2020) and as a buffer for coastal communities against storms and typhoons (Polidoro et al., 2010). Aside from that, this habitat also provides food and livelihood for coastal residents (Gevaña et al., 2018). Furthermore, mangroves play an important role in the health of coastal ecosystems. Their intricate root network stabilizes sediments and enhances water clarity, providing a perfect home for many marine organisms (Arceo-Carranza et al., 2021).

Recently, blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves have received international attention as a valuable tool for mitigating the impacts of climate change. This coastal ecosystem is rich in biodiversity and one of the world's most significant carbon sinks, trapping and storing a remarkable amount of carbon within its dense root systems and forest soils (Alongi, 2014; Howard et al., 2014). Since the carbon trapped in the soil is difficult to decompose, this allows the stored carbon to stay in the soil for a long time, further emphasizing its vital importance in moderating the global climate (Castillo and Breva, 2012). Mangroves can hold up to 1023 t C ha-1 and five times more organic carbon than rainforests (Donato et al., 2011; Kaufman et al., 2018). Previous studies have emphasized that the bulk of this carbon is stored belowground, particularly in soil and roots (Donato et al., 2011).

Despite their importance, mangrove forests face numerous threats and challenges. Anthropogenic activities such as urbanization (Marchio et al., 2016), aquaculture (Primavera, 2006; Garcia et al., 2014), and overexploitation (McLeod and Sam, 2006) have led to the widespread degradation of mangrove habitats. Climate change also poses a significant risk to mangroves with rising sea levels and increased frequency and intensity of storms (Gilman et al., 2008; Abino et al., 2014a). Globally, it is estimated that mangrove forests lost at a rate of 2.74% in 1996- 2007 and 1.58% in 2007-2016 (Hagger et al., 2022). Brander et al. (2012) forecast a decline from 6,042 to 2,082 ha for the mangrove forests in Southeast Asia between 2000 to 2050. According to Gevaña et al. (2018), the country's mangrove forest cover is estimated at 356,000 ha with a decadal deforestation rate of 0.5%. The main drivers of this huge loss are various anthropogenic activities, including deforestation, land conversion for agriculture, aquaculture, and coastal development (Primavera et al., 2004; Garcia et al., 2014).

The western part of Samar has a relatively long coastline, extending over 300 km (Abino et al., 2014a). Its mangrove forests constitute 7% of the total mangrove area of the country (FMB, 2011). As one of the provinces in the Philippines with the most extensive remaining mangroves, its biomass carbon sequestration and storage potential is also expected to be huge. However, there is limited information on Samar's natural and planted mangrove stands' composition, structure, and carbon storage potential. Hence, this study provides information on the diversity, structural complexity, and carbon storage potential of mangroves in the province. The objectives of the present study were to (i) identify mangrove species composition and diversity, (ii) determine the mangrove community structure, and (iii) evaluate the biomass and carbon stock concentration. The data collected from this study provides more comprehensive information for properly implementing mangrove conservation programs and developing local-specific climate change mitigation strategies.

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Source: Diversity, standstructure, biomass and carbon storage potential of natural and planted MangroveForests in Samar, Philippines

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Detecting Microplastic Contamination with Nile Red | InformativeBD

Ruvina T. Castillo and Justin Dumale, from the different institute of the Philippines. wrote a research article about, Detecting Microplastic Contamination with Nile Red. entitled, Rapid detection of microplastic contamination using Nile red fluorescent tagging. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This study delves into the evaluation of fluorescent lights staining microscopy and its efficiency in cross validation by comparison with light microscopy. Rapid detection of microplastics of various sizes can be distinguished in assessing coastal marine sediment. A development of a novel approach in rapid detection is employed for analysis of coastal marine sediment microplastic contamination, based on fluorescent tagging using Nile Red (NR), separated by density-based extraction using Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and filtration. The fluorescent staining tags onto microplastic to fluorescent, aides with excitation of blue light and color filters. Fluorescence excitation is detected using simple smartphone photography through a polarizer filter. Rapid detection using light microscopy allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted in image-analysis. The study used a paired sample t-test to compare particle counts across five mesh sizes, revealing minimal too little to no significant differences between fluoresced and suspected MPs particles, indicating a novel detection process with greater selectivity and fluorescence intensity.

Read more : 3R Temporary Shelter:Compost Bin Design and Modification | InformativeBD

Introduction

The Philippines is an archipelagic country which consists of 7,641 islands and has an extensive and diverse coastline. It boasts as one of the longest coastlines in the world with a measure of approximately 36,000 kilometers (22,370 miles). This coastline encompasses a wide variety of features ranging from pristine beaches to rugged cliffs and rocky shores. These coastal areas play a crucial role in the country's culture, economy, and ecology as they provide habitat to numerous fish species, marine life, and migratory birds. It also serves as hubs for trade, tourism, and agriculture. However, with high level of tourism and recreational activities in the area such as fishing, swimming, sailing, and snorkeling may lead to have larger amount of plastic waste that can pollute and contaminate the marine environment (Chaisanguansuk et al., 2023)

Plastics and other synthetic, non-biodegradable pollutants, which are often referred to as “marine debris,” have been contaminating and polluting the world’s enclosed seas, coastal waters, and the wider open oceans for the past five or six decades (Gregory, 2009). The hazard posed by plastic waste is significant because it starves and suffocates wildlife, distributes invasive and possibly dangerous species, absorbs toxic chemicals, and breaks down into microplastics that can be ingested (Barnes et al., 2009). These microscopic particles, also known as microplastic which are smaller than 5 mm in size, are present in many different environments. It poses a threat to the ecosystem due to their small size (millimeters or less), it is accessible to a variety of organisms with the ability to cause both physical and toxicological harm (Law and Thompson, 2014). Microplastics can be swallowed by low-trophic feeders, filters, and deposits, as well as by detritivores and plankton-eating organisms. As a result, they can build up inside organisms and cause physical damage, like internal abrasions or blockages. Aside from the physical damage, microplastics can also leach into the environment, where they can cause cancer or endocrine disruption (Wright, 2013).

Even though microplastic contamination affects biota, the environment, and public health significantly, it is a difficult problem to solve since it is so pervasive, and the specific adverse consequences of both long-term and short-term exposure are unknown (Savuca, 2022). Because of the growing worries about the amount of marine plastic waste and the effects it has had on marine ecosystems, marine plastic debris pollution has been identified as a global concern (Mu et al., 2019).

This study serves as baseline studies in microplastic contamination in the coastal environment in sediments of Anda, Northwestern Pangasinan. This study generally aimed to identify the presence of microplastic contamination along the coastlines in sediments of Anda, Northwestern Pangasinan. Specifically, it aimed to detect microplastic contamination using Nile Red fluorescence along the coastlines in sediments of Anda, Northwestern Pangasinan and to assess the efficacy of Nile Red fluorescence in staining for rapid detection of microplastics along the coastline of Anda, Northwestern Pangasinan. 

Reference

Barnes DK, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M. 2009. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1526), 1985-1998.

Chaisanguansuk P, Ploenbuppa S, Assawincharoenkij T, Phantuwongraj S, Jiraphinyakul A. 2023. Microplastic Contamination in the Coastal Environment: A Case Study from the Mae Klong River, Samut Songkhram. Applied Environmental Study 45 (2). https://doi.org/10.35762/AER.2023009

Frias J, Pagter E, Nash R, O’Connor I, Carretero O, Filgueiras A, Gerdts G. 2018. Standardised protocol for monitoring microplastics in sediments. Deliverable 4.2.

Fries E, Dekiff JH, Willmeyer J, Nuelle M T, Ebert M, Remy D. 2013. Identification of polymer types and additives in marine microplastic particles using pyrolysis-GC/MS and scanning electron microscopy. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 15(10), 1949-1956.

Gregory MR. 2009. Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings—entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364(1526), 2013-2025. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0265

Hidalgo-Ruz V, Gutow L, Thompson RC, Thiel M. 2012. Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology 46(6), 3060-3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505

Law KL, Thompson RC. 2014. Microplastics in the seas. Science 345(6193), 144-145.

Klemm EB, Pottenger FM, Speitel TW, Reed SA, Coopersmith FA. 1990. The Fluid Earth. Honolulu. Curriculum Study & Development Group. https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/coastalinteractions/beaches-and-sand.

Löder MG, Gerdts G. 2015. Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics—a critical appraisal. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, 201-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_8

Mu J, Qu L, Jin F, Zhang S, Fang C, Ma X, Wang J. 2019. Abundance and distribution of microplastics in the surface sediments from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. Environmental Pollution 245, 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.097

Nel HA, Chetwynd AJ, Kelleher L, Lynch I, Mansfield I, Margenat H, Onoja S, Goldberg Oppenheimer P, Sambrook Smith GH, Krause S. 2021. Detection limits are central to improve reporting standards when using Nile Red for microplastic quantification. Chemosphere 263, 127953.

Savuca A, Nicoara MN, Faggio C. 2022. Comprehensive review regarding the profile of the microplastic pollution in the coastal area of the Black Sea. Sustainability 14 (21), 14376.

Tagg AS, Sapp M, Harrison JP, Ojeda JJ. 2015. Identification and quantification of microplastics in wastewater using focal plane array-based reflectance micro-FT-IR imaging. Analytical Chemistry 87(12), 6032-6040.

Vianello A, Boldrin A, Guerriero P, Moschino, V, Rella R, Sturaro A, Da Ros L. 2013. Microplastic particles in sediments of Lagoon of Venice, Italy: First observations on occurrence, spatial patterns and identification. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 130, 54-61.

Wentworth CK. 1922. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. The Journal of Geology 30(5), 377-392.

Wright SL, Thompson RC, Galloway TS. 2013. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review. Environmental Pollution 178, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031

Xu JL, Thomas KV, Luo Z, Gowen AA. 2019. FTIR and Raman imaging for microplastics analysis: State of the art, challenges and prospects. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 119, 115.

Source : Rapid detection of microplastic contamination using Nile red fluorescent tagging 

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3R Temporary Shelter: Compost Bin Design and Modification | InformativeBD

Rizqi Puteri Mahyudin, Muhammad Reynaldi Faradil Rakhim , Noriana Apriana , Muhammad Abrar Firdausy , Andy Mizwar , Yuni Safaria Dwi Lestari ,and  Bambang Joko Priatmadi, from the different institute of  Indonesia. wrote a research article about, 3R Temporary Shelter: Compost Bin Design and Modification. entitled, Design and Modification of Compost Bin with a Chopper for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter (TPS 3R) in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub.. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Composting is an effective method of managing organic waste from decomposition by microorganisms. This research using composting technique with a modification compost bin with additional chopper on the top of the bin. The composter was designed using an HDPE drum with a height of 100 cm and a diameter of 50 cm with the addition of a chopper and a manual compost mixer as well as a lower cross-section. This research aimed to calculate the amount and composition of waste in TPS 3R Sekumpul and to design modification of a compost bin to handle the problem of organic waste in TPS 3R Sekumpul. The average waste generation in TPS 3R Sekumpul is 66,875 kg/day with the composition of the waste generated including compostable (organic) at 4.28%, resaleable waste at 93.85%, and residual waste at 1.87%. The manual chopper is designed with 7 blades with a slope of 45° which are placed on an iron plate connected to a handle to rotate the chopper. The rotate is in the form of a spiral attached to the rotate handle and connected to the drum cover and the bottom section is a rectangular metal structure having 4 wheels on each side. All of the tools that are designed and made can work smoothly without being constrained during the testing of the tool. The composter drum can accommodate up to 25 kg of compost and leachate in the lower part of the compost bin partition. Assessment of the performance of the compost bin with a chopper is seen from the results of the chopped organic waste produced from the chopper. In the knife chopper test using 5 kg of organic waste, the chopped waste results were obtained with an average size is between 0.5 cm – 1 cm. Compost bin with chopper are designed so that they are easy to operate for households and regional scales. It is expected that the use of the compost bin can facilitate the user so that compost is produced with good quality, large quantity and fast composting time.

Read more :  Enhancing Shallot Growth with Coconut Shell Charcoal and Biocomposts | InformativeBD

 Introduction

Composting activity is an alternative choice in organic waste management using a composter with a decomposition process. With the help of microorganisms on biodegradable organic waste with the final result in the form of humus (Gonawala & Jardosh, 2018). There are two composting methods, namely aerobic and anaerobic processes. The use of a drum composter in the composting method is included in aerobic composting. The use of a drum that has been modified into a composter tool and used in organic waste composting activities in an area will help significantly reduce the amount of waste in a landfill (Manu et al., 2016). In utilizing organic waste in Banjar Regency, the composting method is an alternative that can be applied to convert organic waste into compost.

Indonesia, which is a developing country, is recorded to produce twice the amount of organic waste generation (food waste), which is 50 - 80% of the total municipal waste generation. Compared to the current three developed countries, Japan produces the highest organic waste generation, which is only 40%, followed by the European Union at 34%, and the USA at 24% organic waste generation from the total waste generation (Dalankopoulos et al., 1998)). For this reason, an organic waste management effort is needed which starts with micro-scale management at various points in the territory of the country of Indonesia to help reduce and deal with the problem of organic waste generation in Indonesia.

The discussion regarding Waste Management and TPS Facilities is contained in Law no. 18/2008, 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter (TPS 3R) is a place where activities to collect, sort, reuse, and recycle waste on a regional scale (Nurlela, 2017). Waste that is generated will go into the first processing site, namely the Temporary Shelter – Tempat Penampungan Sementara (TPS). TPS is a place where waste is transported before it is moved to either the recycling site, processing site, Integrated Waste Processing Site – Tempat Pemrosesan Sampah Terpadu (TPST), or 3R Waste Management (TPS 3R) site. Composting municipal waste allows the organic material contained in the waste to be returned to the soil so that the level of soil fertility is maintained because of the addition of organic material as a substitute for material absorbed by cultivated plants. Household-scale composting technology with several considerations such as placement can be done indoors and outdoors, resistant to heat and rain, has a longer shelf life, does not need to replace supporting materials (cardboard), and is easier get the composter container (Wahyono et al., 2016). Some of the obstacles in composting include still using the manual method (Antu & Djamalu, 2019). In addition, there are obstacles in the long composting time due to the large size of the organic waste. The smaller the size of the organic waste, the faster the decomposition will be. Designing a composter with a manual chopper can be a solution to simplify household and communal scale composting such as TPS 3R.

In this design, the development and improvement of the compost bin design was carried out in the three previous studies, namely by adding a compost mixer and improvements to the designs of Purba (2021) and Akhmad (2020) by making a bottom section of the composter bin as in the design of Tjahjani et al. (2008). The addition of a compost mixer in the compost bin is to help the mixing of the compost easier. Improvements to the chopper tool from Purba's research (2021) were also carried out because there were still many deficiencies, the majority of the chopped organic waste results were still not up to standard.

This research will develop the design of Compost Bin that have made in 2021 (Mahyudin et al., 2022) in order to produce tools that are easier to operate. The communal composter will process organic waste from several households to be composted. This composter is designed in such a way that it is easy to operate on a regional scale. Furthermore, testing the performance of the composter will be carried out so that later a variation will be produced that can produce compost with good quality, large quantity and fast composting time.

The urgency of this research lies in the innovative development of Compost Bin design with a chopper which is easier to operate on a regional scale and produces good quality compost that can be used or sold. This research was conducted for identifying the amount and composition of the waste that entering TPS 3R; also to designing a developed Compost Bin with a modification of the chopping knife to process organic waste into compost?

Reference

Akhmad A. 2020. Perancangan. Komposter. Sebagai. Unit.Pengolahan Sampah Pasar. Universitas Pertamina.

Gonawala SS, Jardosh H. 2018. Organic Waste in Composting: A brief review. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 8(1), 36-38.

IPCC. 2006. IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. And Tanabe K. IGES: Japan.

Mahyudin RP, Purba G, Lestari YSD, Firmansyah M. 2022. Design of Household Organic Waste Composter Bins “Tongposcah”. 9 (January), 630–634. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220173

Manu MK, Kumar R, Garg A. 2016. Drum Composting of Food Waste: A Kinetic Study. Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 456–463.

Nurlela N. 2017. Dampak Keberadaan Tempat Pengolahan Sampah 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Dan Recycle) Vipa Mas Terhadap Lingkungan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Bambu Apus Kecamatan Pamulang Kota Tangerang Selatan. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah.

Purba G. 2021. Tugas. Akhir. Perancangan. Tongposcah (Tong Komposter Pencacah) Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga. Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

Republik Indonesia. 2008. Undang-Undang.Republik.Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta. 1–46.

Antu ES, Djamalu Y. 2019. Desain Mesin Pencacah Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Untuk Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Gorontalo (JTPG) 3(2), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.30869/jtpg.v3i2.247

Sunge R, Djafar R, Antu ES. 2019. Rancang Bangun Dan Pengujian Alat Pencacah Kompos Dengan Sudut Mata Pisau 45°. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Gorontalo (JTPG), 4(2), 62–70.

Tjahjani IK, Wignjosoebroto S, Ciptomulyono U. 2008. Perancangan Sistem Pengolahan Sampah Organik Dengan Inovasi Komposter Yang Ergonomis Menggunakan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Manajemen Teknologi VIII, 2–12.

Wahyono S, Widanarko S, Moersidik SS, Djajadiningrat ST. 2016. Metabolisme Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Melalui Teknologi Komposting Di Wilayah Internal Perkotaan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 13(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v13i2.1417

Source : Design and Modification of Compost Bin with a Chopper for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Temporary Shelter(TPS 3R) in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan  

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Enhancing Shallot Growth with Coconut Shell Charcoal and Biocomposts | InformativeBD

I. Made Sunantra,  and Wawan Apzani, from the different institute of the Indonesia. wrote a research article about, Enhancing Shallot Growth with Coconut Shell Charcoal and Biocomposts. entitled, The effect of coconut shell charcoal (CSC) and liquid biocomposts on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) in dry land. This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This research was conducted to assist farmers in Indonesia in overcoming the problem of scarcity of fertilizers, expensive fertilizer prices and soil conditions on dry lands. The method used is an experimental method with experiments in the field. The activity started in August, 2022 until February 2023. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial experiments. The first factor was Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC) with 2 levels, namely T0 (soil without coconut shell charcoal) and T1 (soil and coconut shell charcoal). The second factor was liquid biocompost consisting of 5 levels, namely P0 (0 cc/litre water), P1 (1 cc/litre water), P2 (2 cc/litre water), P3 (3 cc/litre water) and P4 (4 cc/litre water). The results showed that coconut shell charcoal had a significant effect on shallot growth and yield. This treatment yielded 2.23 tonnes per hectare while the treatment without the addition of charcoal yielded 1.80 tonnes per hectare. The results of this study also showed that liquid biocompost had no significant effect on shallot growth and yield. However, the 4 cc/litre water liquid biocompost treatment gave better results, namely 2.43 tonnes per hectare when compared to the treatment without the addition of liquid biocompost with a yield of 1.80 tonnes per hectare. In addition, the results of data analysis showed that there was no interaction between coconut shell charcoal and liquid biocompost.

Read more : Assessing Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Parquetina nigrescens Extracts | InformativeBD

Introduction

Shallots (Allium cepa L.) are one of the core commodities that can have an impact on inflation in Indonesia (Permentan, 2022). Shallots have an economic value with a high demand so that the cultivation of shallots has spread to almost every province in Indonesia. Anitasari et al. (2019), stated that even though shallots are not a basic necessity like rice, shallots are always needed as a seasoning for all Indonesian dishes. Every year the shallot harvested area decreases (BPS, 2020). This is influenced by the declining productivity of agricultural land as a result of the application of inorganic fertilizers (Hand et al., 2021), high doses of fertilization and pesticides that exceed recommended doses which have an impact on soil structure (Nur and Ismiati, 2007). The decrease in harvested area can be increased by utilizing dry land which has the potential to become productive agricultural land (Rahni et al., 2003). However, not all dry land is suitable for farming. This is due to soil limiting factors such as very steep slopes or shallow soil solums. Therefore, the management of dry land in each region will be different depending on the existing limiting factors (Matheus et al., 2017).

Kata et al. (2020) reported that to improve soil quality in dry land it is necessary to use organic matter. This is in accordance with the opinion of Suntoro (2003) that the application of organic matter can improve the physic, chemical and biological of the soil. Organic fertilizers are divided into two types, namely solid organic fertilizers and liquid organic fertilizers. Solid and liquid fertilizers both have the function of adding nutrients to plants for growth and production.

Planting media is an external factor needed by plants (Budiyani et al., 2023). A good planting medium is a medium that is able to provide sufficient amounts of water and nutrients for plant growth. This can be found in soils with good aeration, good aggregates, good water holding capacity and optimal root system (Lewu and Killa, 2020).

This study is aims to utilizing waste that is considered useless as a solution to improve soil conditions in dry land and reduce the use of expensive and rare synthetic chemical fertilizers. In a previous study Apzani et al. (2015) conducted research on solid organic fertilizers and the results were good. However, Apzani et al. 2018a said that liquid fertilizer has the advantage of being easy to carry and nutrients are directly available to plants and can be applied through roots or leaves. Apzani et al. (2015) also have shown that the coconut shell charcoal has no effect on maize growth and yield. So, that is the motivation for investigated further the study about the effect of coconut shell charcoal and liquid biocompost on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) in dry land.

Reference

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Apzani W, Sudantha IM, Fauzi MT. 2015. Application of Biocompost Stimulator Trichoderma spp. and Biochar Coconut Shell for Growth and Corn Results (Zea mays L.) on Dry Land. Jurnal of Agroecotechnology 9(1), 21-35.

Apzani W, Sunantra IM. 2022. The effect of vermicompost stimulator Trichoderma sp. and local liquid microorganism of hyacinth on growth and production of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 20(5), 1-9.

Apzani W, Wardhana AW. 2018a. Response of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) to the Application of Combination Bioactivator Formula of Coffee Leafs and Hycinth Liquid Organic Fertilizer Fermented by Trichoderma sp. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 13(4), 51-63.

Apzani W, Wardhana AW. 2018b.The Effect of Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Liquid Organic Fertilizer Fermented by Trichoderma sp. to the Growth of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 13(4), 37-50.

Bertham YH, Aini N, Murcitro BG, Nusantara AD. 2018. Trial of Four Soybean Varieties in Coastal Areas Based on Biocompost. Scientific Journal of Biology Biogenesis 6(1), 36-42.

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Budiyani NK, Apriastuti NPE, Dwipradnyana IMM. 2023. Growth and Yield Responses of Eggplant Plants to the Use of Growing Media and Dosages of Organic Fertilizers. Journal Ganec Swara 17(1), 278-282.

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Hand MJ, Nassourou M, Nono GV, Taffouo VD, Youmbi E. 2021. Organic and inorganic nutrient sources influeced growth, flowering, fruition, fruit relative water content and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars under salinity in coastal region of Cameroon. IJAAR 18(5), 33-51.

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Kata A, Osmet, Analia D. 2020. Analysis of Soybean Commodity Competitiveness on Dry Land in Tebo Regency. Agri Science Journal 4(1), 48-59.

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Lewu LD, Killa YM. 2020. Rooting Variation, Canopy and Correlation on Soybean Yield at Various Combinations of Watering Intervals and Doses of Organic Matter. Journal of sustainable agriculture 8(3), 114-121.

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Malik A, Gul S, Buriro AH, Kakar H, Ziad T. 2022. Particle size of co-composted biochar: Influence on growth performance of lettuce and concentration of bioavailable soil nutrients under salinity stress conditions. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 20(3), 16-28.

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Meiyana RY, Salamiah, Soedijo S, Pramudi MI. 2021. Diversity of Soil Surface Arthropods on Shallots Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) Applied by Several Botanical Pesticides In Peatlands. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 19(3), 73-82.

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Source : The effect of coconutshell charcoal (CSC) and liquid biocomposts on the growth and yield of shallot(Allium cepa L.) in dry land

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