V. T. Iswariya, from
the institute of India. Sitawar Anusha, from the institute of India.
Varada Bala Gnana Laxmi, from the institute of India. Akshay, from
the institute of India and T. Ramarao, from the institute of India. wrote
a Review Article about, Bioelectronic Systems: A Novel Approach in
Controlled Drug Delivery. Entitled, Bioelectronic systems in controlled drug
delivery systems- A novel dosage form. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on
Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For
Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research
journal publisher.
Abstract
Electronic drug
delivery systems (EDDS) are an interesting advancement in drug delivery
technology. They are portable, interactive, wirelessly networked, and enable
patient-administered medication, which lowers overall healthcare costs.
Controlled DDS maintains drug plasma levels constantly by releasing the
definite dose of the drug at each time point for a predetermined duration. This
helps in reducing the dose and dosing frequency and improves patient
compliance. Lesser drug exposure to the biological environment reduces drug
toxicity and adverse effects. Among controlled release. Transdermal
delivery mode (referred to as patches) is more preferably used among them
because of great patient compliance. Bioelectronic systems play a crucial role
in electronically controlled drug delivery systems by integrating electronic
components with biological systems to deliver drugs with precision and
efficiency. Their efficiency is further increased when integrated into remotely
operated systems. One of the main motivations for developing EDDS was to
increase patient adherence to recommended drug regimens. Moreover, EDDS have
demonstrated the ability to administer drugs to specific body locations on
demand. This review concentrates on electronic medication delivery systems,
despite the fact that there are many different types of drug delivery devices
on the market. Along with their mechanism of actions are also discussed.
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Introduction
Controlled drug delivery system This is the drug delivery system in which a constant level of a drug is maintained in blood and tissue for an extended period. Controlled DDS maintains drug plasma levels constantly by releasing the definite dose of the drug at each time point for a predetermined duration (Tekade et al., 2018). This helps in reducing the dose and dosing frequency and improves patient compliance. Lesser drug exposure to the biological environment reduces drug toxicity and adverse effects.
Evolution of the controlled release dosage forms First-generation: This generation of dosage forms mainly involves four types of mechanisms for drug release, which include the oral and transdermal formulations. The mechanisms involved are dissolution, osmosis, diffusion, and ion exchange. Diffusion and dissolution-controlled systems are the most widely used mechanisms of drug delivery. The success of the first generation of drugs is mainly the development of the oral and transdermal routes (Park et al., 2014).
Second-generation: These are not widely used. Electrically delivery systems were developed for introducing insulin. Due to its lesser bioavailability, it is administered many times higher per dose than is required, which results in toxicity. In the last decade of the second generation, nanoparticles that target genes and tumors were studied.
The third generation: involves the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, long-term and non-invasive technology for delivering proteins/nucleic acids/peptides, and drug delivery to the targeted site using nanoparticles (Yun et al., 2015).
Formulations of controlled-release medication Oral, intravenous, and transdermal patches are easily developed. Among controlled release, transdermal delivery mode (referred to as patches) is more preferably used among them because of great patient compliance.
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Source : Bioelectronic systemsin controlled drug delivery systems- A novel dosage form