Seasonal Variation in Mollusc Diversity in Bagoue Region, Côte d’Ivoire | InformativeBD

Diversity of molluscs in the Bagoue region (Côte d’ivoire): Influence of seasons

Kouadio Behegbin Habib Herbert, Aman Jean Baptiste, and Memel Jean Didié, from the different institute of Côte d’Ivoire. wrote a Reseach Article about, Seasonal Variation in Mollusc Diversity in Bagoue Region, Côte d’Ivoire. Entitled, Diversity of molluscs in the Bagoue region (Côte d’ivoire): Influence of seasons. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract 

Côte d’Ivoire finds itself lacking in animal proteins despite the multiple efforts made to achieve food self-sufficiency for its population. Indeed, natural resources capable of guaranteeing food security are under pressure from humans (destruction of forests and wildlife and action of bush fires). Thus, our work was carried out in the Bagoué region in the north of Côte d’Ivoire. From January 2018 to December 2019 (2 years), we inventoried 7 species of mollusks divided into 5 families according to the two well-defined dry and rainy seasons. To carry out our work, the Bagoué region was divided into six zones. We demarcated quadrats of 200 m² in three villages chosen in each zone. To do this, we searched in the ground, the litter, on the leaves and tree trunks and then on the trees. The identification of molluscs was carried out using morphological criteria. Our study recorded 5089 ± 47.97 Achatina fulica (324 ± 9.13 in dry season and 4765 ± 38.84 in rainy season), 1794 ± 17.18 Laristes varicus (144 ± 1.02 in dry season and 1650 ± 15.97 in rainy season), 991 ± 22.45 Archachatina ventricosa (40 ± 2.2 in dry season and 951 ± 20.25 in rainy season), 968 ± 9.87 Limicolaria flammea (9 ± 0.99 in dry season and 959 ± 19.86 in rainy season), 444 ± 2.39 Gabbiella africana (432 ± 41.12 in dry season and 309 ± 38.21 in rainy season), 271 ± 1.44 Limacus flavus (12 ± 10.11 in dry season and 254 ± 23.28 in rainy season) and 187 ± 1.21 Mytilis edulis (36 ± 11.20 in dry season and 151 ± 21.02 in rainy season). At the end of our study, it appears that in the natural environment, the 7 species of molluscs collected vary according to the seasons. The populations of Bagoué, through their activities (bush fires, deforestation, slash-and-burn cultivation) have a considerable impact on the biotope. These activities could be a danger to the survival of molluscs. Thus, we suggest raising awareness among populations on environmental protection, strengthening measures for the protection and conservation of animal and plant species.

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Read moreAssessing Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Levels in Drinking Water of San Francisco,Agusan del Su | InformativeBD 

Introduction

The degradation of natural ecosystems is accentuated by the aridity of the climate which has become a worrying phenomenon in humid tropical zones (Thiombiano, 2005). Despite this aridity, animal and plant species survive there. Ivory Coast, particularly in the Bagoué region in the north, in the savannah district, is at the heart of this daily degradation. For Achard et al. (2002) and Anonymous (2014), the Ivorian forest has experienced rapid degradation. It increased from 16.5 million hectares in 1960 to 4 million in 2000 and then to 2.97 million hectares in 2014. According to Brooks et al. (2002) this deforestation results in the degradation and loss of natural habitats. This is the main cause of the massive disappearance of species such as molluscs in these environments. The diversity and distribution of these molluscs are determined by environmental factors, namely air humidity, temperature, litter thickness, altitude, soil type (Bruggen, 1969; 1995; Peake, 1978; Tattersfield, 1990; Welter-Schultes, 2000), the type of habitat (Cameron et al., 2007; Memel et al., 2009; Oke and Chokor, 2009; Tattersfield et al., 2001) and the availability of food resources (Memel, 2009). Little work has been devoted to the ecology and diversity of molluscs in Côte d’Ivoire. The oldest work carried out took place at Mount Nimba in the west of Côte d’Ivoire. Forcart (1953) studied the Veronicidae. Gaillard (1954) worked on the genus Curvella. Binder (1963; 1976) and Van Mol (1970) worked on Urocyclidae. Lamotte and Roy (2003) also studied these mollusks. The most recent work was carried out by (Memel, 2009) on the Achatinidae family within the Banco National Park. In the Yapo classified forest, (Amani, 2018) worked on the biodiversity and ecology of Gastropod molluscs. At the National Floristic Center of Abidjan Cocody (N’dri, 2021) carried out work on the biodiversity and ecology of terrestrial gastropod molluscs. The choice of the Bagoué region is justified by the fact that it is subject to anthropogenic pressures such as the collection of snails by populations, bush fires, field work, trampling by livestock and the long dry season. In addition, this study can contribute, for vulnerable species such as Molluscs (Lydeard et al., 2004; Régnier et al., 2015), or Invertebrates in general (Cardoso et al., 2011), to their better taken into account in conservation strategies, particularly in the context of current issues linked to the massive erosion of biodiversity (Barnosky et al., 2011; Pimm et al., 2014). Knowledge of the mollusks of this region could strengthen its conservation.

Diversity of molluscs in the Bagoue region (Côte d’ivoire): Influence of seasons

The general objective of this work is to determine the diversity of molluscs in the said region. It will be specifically:

1. To study the physicochemical conditions of the Bagoué region;

2. Make a qualitative (specific diversity) and quantitative (abundance) inventory of molluscs

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Assessing Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Levels in Drinking Water of San Francisco, Agusan del Su | InformativeBD

Physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations in the drinking water of San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines

Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña,  Romeo M. Del Rosario, and  Angelo Mark P. Walag, from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Reseach Article about, Assessing Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Levels in Drinking Water of San Francisco, Agusan del Su. Entitled, Physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations in the drinking water of San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Concerned about the safety of public drinking water supply, this study delved into the drinking water system in San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. There were two areas of concern in this study: the physicochemical properties which include alkalinity, conductivity, pH, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity; and the heavy metal contaminants which include cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, and nickel. The physicochemical properties and chemical contaminants present in both untreated and treated water were described based on their measured levels and were evaluated using the PNSDW 2017 and WHO-GDWQ. The findings showed that there is a decrease of levels in conductivity, TSS, turbidity, and manganese after the water treatment. The levels of total hardness at 303.02 mg/L fail to conform to the PNSDW 2017 and WHO-GDWQ standards while the rest of the physicochemical properties (alkalinity, conductivity, pH, salinity, TDS, total hardness, TSS, and turbidity) are under the maximum allowable level (MAL). The levels of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Manganese, and Nickel are lower than the MAL value of the PNSDW 2017 and WHO-GDWQ. Manganese, which has no health-associated risk but might affect water acceptability, is measured at 0.008 mg/L and is lower than the MAL at 0.4000 mg/L in both standards. Generally, the water is not acceptable for drinking due to high levels of total hardness. Other mandatory parameters for microbiological quality are recommended to determine the suitability of the drinking water for human consumption.

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Read morePhenotypic Assessment of Six Cassava Families Grown from Seed in Burkina Faso | InformativeBD

Introduction

Drinking water quality is one of the greatest factors affecting human health. However, the quality of the drinking water in many nations, particularly those that are developing, is not ideal, and this has led to an increase in the number of waterborne illnesses (Li and Wu, 2019).

Water pollution (surface and ground) may be considered as a naturally induced change in water quality or conditions induced directly by man’s numerous activities which render it unsuitable for food, human health, industry, agriculture, or leisure per suit (Dix, 1981). Toxic chemicals in water pose the greatest threat to the safety of drinking water and their effects are enormous and can cause damage to human health, crops, and aquatic organisms.

Physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations in the drinking water of San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines

Synthetic chemicals such as herbicides and insecticides as well as fertilizer runoffs from agricultural farmlands and industrial discharge have the potential to impact negatively on human health since they block vital metabolic processes in the body. Runoffs from domestic houses, solid waste dumps, and commercial establishments may contain detergents and nutrients, which causes algae blooms in water bodies leading to eutrophication. Human waste excreta may contain a concentrated population of bacteria, pathogenic bacteria in untreated sewage, and may cause acute gastrointestinal illness. This phenomenon has rendered most surface water bodies polluted (Anim et al., 2010; Osei and Duker, 2008; Asante et al., 2008).

In the Philippines, water contamination of the surface water is due to exposure of chemicals which has been rampant, especially in areas exposed to industrial processes, such as but not limited to mining, agricultural processing, manufacturing, farming, and aquaculture according to Philippine Environment Monitor (Jalilov, 2017). Caraga, the mining capital of the Philippines, has more than 15 mining companies distributed in the region. Two of the mining companies are specifically located in Agusan del Sur which might have been affecting the Magdiwata Watershed which supplies water to the Municipality of San Francisco, Agusan del Sur (PSA, 2020).

The river network of Magdiwata Watershed extends from various municipalities of the province and is vulnerable to chemical contaminations. Periodic assessment of Magdiwata river networks has been conducted by the San Francisco Water District to ensure that the public water is free from waterborne microbes and chemical contaminants. However, external assessment, surveillance and/or monitoring must be done also to validate the test findings of the local supplier. Additional and external assessments for public drinking water support the integrity of water quality management.

As such, this research assessed the physicochemical properties and heavy metal contaminants in the public water system of San Francisco, Agusan del Sur before and after water treatment. Additionally, the assessment findings were evaluated against the existing and recent local and international drinking water standards which provided a picture of its general usability for drinking and utility purposes.

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SourcePhysicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations in the drinking water of SanFrancisco, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines 

 

Phenotypic Assessment of Six Cassava Families Grown from Seed in Burkina Faso | InformativeBD

Phenotypic evaluation of six cassava families (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from seed in Burkina Faso

Sawadogo O. Michel, Some Koussao, Ouedraogo M. Hamed, Tiama Djakaria, Tiendrebeogo Fidèle, Soro Monique, Tonde Wendmanegda Hermann, and Sawadogo Mahamadou, from the different institute of Burkina Faso. wrote a Reseach Article about, Phenotypic Assessment of Six Cassava Families Grown from Seed in Burkina Faso. Entitled, Phenotypic evaluation of six cassava families (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from seed in Burkina Faso. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Phenotypic markers are important in plant genetic characterisation studies. They are used in the present study to assess the phenotypic structuring of cassava genotypes obtained by biparental crossing. The plant material studied consists of 56 cassava genotypes from the third generation of vegetative reproduction following germination of seeds from six families resulting from crosses. To evaluate these genotypes, an Alpha lattice experimental design was used with three replicates and three blocks per replicate. Blocks I and II each contained 19 genotypes and block III 18 genotypes. Data was collected on 10 qualitative traits on leaves, stems and roots. All the variables evaluated presented several modalities. The frequencies showed that: the green-purple color (41%) was dominant for the apical leaf color characteristic. Stems color were predominantly light brown (30%). Green color (57%) was most common in the petioles. Genotypes showed more dichotomous ports (44%). In addition, the relative Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) was very high for all characters within genotypes (H’=0.90) and families (H’=0.66). The most polymorphic traits between genotypes were flowering ability (H’=1), stem color (H’=0.99), tuberous root texture (H’=0.97), apical leaf color (H’=0.96) and branching type (H’=0.93). The same index showed high intra-family diversity, family VI (H’= 0.83), family II (H’= 0.76), family IV (H’=0.69), family I (H’= 0.61), family III (H’= 0.53) and family V (H’= 0.52) showing high internal variability. ACH was used to structure the genetics into three phenotypic groups. This observed diversity can be used for cassava breeding in Burkina Faso.

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Read moreNatural Patch Power:Moringa Pods and Katakataka Leaves vs. Staphylococcus aureus | InformativeBD

Introduction

Manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz 1766) is a perennial shrub 1 to 5 m high (Allem, 2002; Alves, 2002). It belongs to the class Dicotyledones, family Euphorbiaceae, genus Manihot and species Manihot esculenta Crantz (Isendahl, 2011; Soro, 2022). It has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=36 and a highly heterozygous genome (Alves, 2002). It is one of the most important tuberous root crops, highly valued for its starch content in tropical countries (N'Zué et al., 2014). Cassava is grown all over the world, particularly in West Africa (Agré et al., 2015). Cassava can be grown in areas with rainfall ranging from 500 mm to 8000 mm (François, 1989). Depending on the variety, production can be spread over a long period of the year, making the tuberous roots available when needed (François, 1989).

Phenotypic evaluation of six cassava families (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from seed in Burkina Faso

In recent years in Burkina Faso, climate variability has made farming very difficult. Crop diversification is very important to ensure food self-sufficiency. Tuber and root crops such as cassava can therefore be used to help achieve sustainable food security. In Burkina Faso, cassava production was estimated at around 17,081.25 tonnes in 2022 (FAOSTAT, 2024). As in all African countries, almost all cassava production in Burkina Faso is used for human and animal consumption (Amani et al., 2007). The tuberous roots are eaten raw or in the form of local dishes: boiled roots, grilled roots, placali, con'godê, attiéké and gari (Guira et al., 2017). In view of its food and nutritional potential, the quantities of cassava produced remain below national market demand, which in 2017 was estimated at around 124,917 tonnes of fresh tubers (Soro et al., 2022). In Burkina Faso, the major constraints to large-scale production are linked to several factors, namely: the long production cycle of six to 9 or even 12 months, the unsuitable quality of the soils used for its cultivation, which results in low root yields, the lack of suitable varieties, and the very narrow genetic base of cassava (Gmakouba et al., 2018). In order to meet consumer needs, production must be increased, and this requires efficient production technology based on the use of improved cassava varieties.

Phenotypic evaluation of six cassava families (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from seed in Burkina Faso

Exchanges of genetic material between producers mean that they end up with duplicates of the same cultivar (Soro et al., 2022). The reproduction of cassava, which is generally done by cuttings, leads to the spread of its bio-aggressors, which become more and more numerous and infest new fields. Studies carried out by Tiendrébéogo et al. (2009, 2012) reported the presence of Cassava Mosaic Diseases (CMD) in certain areas of Burkina Faso. Cassava is often grown under rainfed and irrigated systems in Burkina Faso. This is due to the earliness of the rains in relation to the length of the vegetative cycle and the poverty of the arable land, which means that average yields in farming areas are low, less than or equal to 15t/ha (FAOSTAT, 2024). In response to this situation, a great deal of research has been carried out by INERA through the introduction and evaluation of six (06) improved varieties, catalogued and popularised, TMS 4(2) 1425; TMS 91/02312; TMS 92/0067; TMS 92/0325; TMS 92/0427; TMS 94/0270) with potential yield (40/ha) (Gmakouba, 2018; Soro, 2022; MASA, 2014). But of these, only TMS 94/0270, commonly known as V5, is the most widely produced for its very good attiéké quality. To meet this challenge, new cassava varieties need to be developed, with a view to broadening the genetic base so as to obtain varieties that are tolerant to FGD, rich in beta-carotene, and with yields of up to 40 tonnes per hectare. It is therefore essential to assess the agro-morphological diversity of this cassava collection (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in order to better exploit the potential of these genotypes. This study was therefore carried out with the overall aim of determining the structure of the 56 genotypes obtained by biparental crossing. Specifically, the aim was (i) to determine the variability of genotypes through phenotypic traits and (ii) to identify the traits that best discriminate between genotypes and families.

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SourcePhenotypic evaluation of six cassava families (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from seed in Burkina Faso   

Natural Patch Power: Moringa Pods and Katakataka Leaves vs. Staphylococcus aureus | InformativeBD

Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) and katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extract as a natural-derived medical patch against Staphylococcus aureus

Cristine Joyce S. Buenaventura, Catherine B. Balaguer, Alexandrine Erica D. Barcelon, Ayessa Mae D. Cortes, Denise Mikaela A. Doroja, and Darylle Cesar G. Hilapo, from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Reseach Article about, Natural Patch Power: Moringa Pods and Katakataka Leaves vs. Staphylococcus aureus. Entitled, Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) and katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extract as a natural-derived medical patch against Staphylococcus aureus. This research paper published by the International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM). an open access scholarly research journal on Microbiology . under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) and Katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extracts on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a bacterium often causing skin infections. The researchers prepared ten treatments using a 95% ethyl alcohol solution and dried plants, which were then tested for their inhibitory effects on S. aureus growth. The results showed that treatments with Moringa pods extract, both alone and combined with a medical patch, significantly inhibited S. aureus growth, with zones of inhibition measuring 2.4cm and 2.7cm respectively. Conversely, Katakataka leaves extract showed little to no inhibition and even seemed to facilitate S. aureus growth. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test revealed significant differences between treatments, with those containing a higher percentage of Moringa pods extract proving more effective. This suggests that Moringa pods extract could be a potent natural-derived medical patch against S. aureus.

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Read moreControlling Fruit Fly in Bitter Gourd Using Sesame Leaf Extract | InformativeBD

Introduction

In order to keep the skin's physiological functions working, wound healing is a necessary procedure. Thus, if bacteria enter a wound and begin to multiply, an infection may develop, impeding the healing process of the wound (Leonard, 2023). The best technique for wound healing and infection control is dressing application. This lessens discomfort and improves the hypoxic environment's ability to promote healing (Nguyen et al., 2023). It also helps to maintain the environment's moisture content and temperature. Herbs have been utilized by humans for wound care since the dawn of time. According to a 2019 study by Doña et al., alternative medicine is becoming more popular due to the high cost of synthetic drugs and the possibility of genetic resistance developing in some microorganisms. Because of its uses in conventional medicine, the medicinal plant Kalanchoe pinnata is known to demonstrate antibacterial efficacy against a variety of diseases and their mechanisms of action, according to Tajudin et al. (2022).

The amazing tree of Moringa oleifera is rich in bioactive substances and a good source of pharmaceutical compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acid, and polyphenols, it is thought to have medical benefits like antioxidant, tissue protection, antiinflammatory, and analgesic (Chis et al., 2024). Natural polymers represent a potential class of materials for the development of skin wound dressings that can hasten the healing process and boost defense against infections (Ansari and Darvishi, 2024). Moreover, skin has extraordinary regenerating capabilities. When this regeneration process is occasionally disrupted and wounds heal slowly, patients face serious health risks because the available patches, dressings, and gauzes are insufficient to initiate a physiological wound healing process, which can lead to the formation of new lesions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible application of Katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) and Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) extract as a naturally derived antibacterial medical patch.

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SourceMoringa pods (Moringaoleifera) and katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extract as anatural-derived medical patch against Staphylococcus aureus