M Rezaul Karim, Hafizur Rahman, Tanziman Ara,
MST Rehena Khatun, M Monzur Hossain, and AKM Rafiul Islam, from the different
institute of the Bangladesh. wrote a research article about, Yield Potential
of Meristem-Derived Potato Varieties. entitled, Yield potential study of
meristem derived plantlets of ten potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.).This
research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an
open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the
affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences |
NNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
Ten exotic potato
varieties (var. All Blue, All Red, Cardinal, Diamant, Daisy, Granulla, Green
Mountain, Japanese Red, Pontiac and Summerset) were used the present experiment
during November 2010 to January 2011. In vitro grown plantlets were
spend 21 days old and achieve 4-5 cm long with good root system, were
transferred and established in the trial field for showing yield performance of
tuber number per plant and tuber weight per plant from 10 randomly selected
potato plants of each variety. The highest tuber number (57.52) per plant was
recorded in var. Daisy and the lowest tuber number (8.82) per plant was
recorded in red varieties. On the other hand total tuber weight per plant was
the highest (344.60g) recorded in var. Diamant and total tuber weight per plant
was the lowest (65.05 g) recorded in var. All blue varieties showed the most
potential yield in this experiment.
Introduction
Potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) is an important food and cash crop in Bangladesh. It is a member
of the family Solanaceae and belongs to the genus Solanum. Potato varieties are
highly heterogeneous and usually vegetative propagated. Potato can be grown in
all types of soil, except saline and alkaline soils. Loamy soil, sandy loamy
soil and organic matter enriched soil are the most suitable for cultivation of
potato crop. The potato is a crop of temperate climate and it is moderately
tolerant to frost. The young plants grow best at a temperature of 24 0C. Late
growth is favored at a temperature of 18 0C. Tuber production is the maximum at
20 0C and decrease with rise in temperature. At about 30 0C the tuber
production is totally stop. Relative humidity is need above 50 %. Photo period
are need 14-16 hours. The varieties can be grouped into two parts in Bangladesh
such as indigenous potato varieties and modern varieties. Indigenous potato
varieties are popular for good test but low yielding and high price. On the
other hand modern varieties are high yielding. Potato is very much susceptible
to the viral diseases. The yield reduction may be up to 75 % caused by the
infection of some viruses. Meristem culture is one of important methods to
produce virus-free stock plants. The virus-free clone produced more vigorous
haulm and about 10% higher yields, attributed to more tubers rather than large
ones (Bawden and Kassams, 1965). The technique has been widely applied in many
countries. In our country, average production of potato was 14-16 MTs/,
hectares (2008).But in our research field and many developed countries of the
world it's yield 30-40 MTs /hectares. The main causes of yield reduction in
Bangladesh are lack of quality seed potato, pathogen infected seed potato used,
low yielding variety used and faulty management. It is proved that use of
quality seed potato may produced 20-30% high yield. However, at present there
is no alternative way of high yielding variety developed in the world. Because
agricultural land has decrease and the people increase. Plant Breeders feel of
this subject and conducted research for developed and selection of high
yielding variety. As that part, study of yield potential of plantlets of ten
exotic varieties of potato developed through meristem culture.
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