Behrooz Pirniakan, Siamak Kalantari, and Mesbah Babalar, from the
institute of Iran. wrote a Research article about, Somatic Embryogenesis in
Rosa hybrida from Leaf & Petiole Explants. Entitled, Somatic embryogenesis
from leaf & petiole explants of some Rosa hybrida L. cultivars. This
research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an
open access scholarly research journal Biosciences. under the affiliation
of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open
access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
In this study, somatic embryogenesis of four Rosa hybrida L. cultivars, including BlackMagic, HotLady, Audio and Eldorado, from leaf and petiole explants in invitro condition was investigated. Explants were taken in April and cultivated in MS medium. A combination of 2,4-D+BA and NAA+KIN were applied for callus induction. For somatic embryogenesis the ½ MS medium containing hormonal combination of 2,4-D, BA, NAA, KIN and GA3 were used. The highest callus production was obtained from petiole explant, Audio cultivar and hormonal combination of NAA+KIN. The highest and lowest percentage of embryogenesis were manifested in HotLady and Eldorado cultivars, respectively. A hormonal treatment consisting of 0.5mg/l BA+0.3mg/l 2,4-D led to the highest rate of embryogenesis. Petiole explants led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) greater somatic embryogenesis.
Introduction
Rose is considered one
of the most economically invaluable flowers. Traditionally, it is propagated
through root cutting or grafting, both of which pose great economic burden. In
addition, they necessitate a great deal of effort and human labor. On the other
hand, genetic breeding in flowers is restricted by the polypoloid phenomenon
and heterozygosity. Remarkable achievements in propagation and regeneration of
a variety of rose species in the invitro conditions have been reported. Somatic
embryogenesis has been indicated as a potential invitro technique for rapid
vegetative propagation and breeding of some rose species. In 1958, somatic
embryogenesis was initially reported in carrot. According to Robert (1995)
somatic embryogenesis in rose became an option in 1990.
Various reports on the
somatic embryogenesis of rose from different plant sections have been reported.
leaf callus explants of R.hybrida cvs. Domingo and Vicky Brown (De wit et al.,
1990), and R.Chinensis minima cv. Baby Katie and R.hybrida cv. Carefree Beauty
(Hsia and Korban, 1996), immature leaf and stem segments of R.hybrida cv.
Landora (Rout, 1991), invitro mature leaf of R.hybrida cv. Soraya (Kintzios et
al., 1990), anthers, petioles, receptacles, leaves of R.hybrida cv. Meirutal
(Aren et al., 1993), root of R.hybrida cv. Moneyway (Marchant, 1996), petiole
of R.hybrida cv. Arizona (Robert et al., 1995), immature embryo of R.rugosa
(Kunitake et al., 1993) and filament of R.hybrida cv. Royalty (Noriega and
Sondhl, 1991). A variety of factors including nonresponsiveness of cultivars to
the application of somatic embryogenesis induction material (Kintzios, 1999;
Murali, 1996), low induction rate of the embryogenic tissue (Rout, 1999; Hsia
and Korban, 1996) and low frequency of germination (Sarasan, 2001; Rout, 1999)
prevent somatic embryogenesis of the rose flower. Therefore, successful
regeneration of rose hybrida is restricted to low cultivars. In addition,
further studies on the improvement of the quantity of resomatization from
somatic tissues of other Rose cultivars seems mandatory (Estabrooks et al.,
2006). In this study, the effect of a variety of factors including the cultivar
type, growth regulators and the source of the explant on different stages of
callus induction and somatic formation of the embryo in different Rose
cultivars have been investigated in order to optimize somatic embryogenesis of
this plant.
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