Kate Jocel D. Barroga,
Diana C. Castillo, and Evaristo A. Abella, from the different institute of Philippines.
wrote a Reseach Article about, Sea Urchin Methanolic Extract Shows
Antibacterial Activity Against E. coli and S. aureus. Entitled, Pharmacological
activity of the methanolic extract of sea urchins against Escherichia coli and
Staphylococcus aureus. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal
on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network
For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research
journal publisher.
Abstract
This study elucidated
the pharmacological potential of sea urchins using methanol as extracting
medium. The antibacterial potential was evaluated using the paper disc method
and zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus was measured. Antioxidant properties of sea urchins were evaluated
using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Three species of sea urchin randomly
collected along the intertidal zone of Diguisit, Baler Aurora were identified
using diagnostic keys by the National Museum of the Philippines and they were
identified as follows; Echinothrix diadema, Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra
oblonga. E. diadema recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition
against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 hours of incubation
with 11.03 ± 1.75mm and 13.52 ± 1.13mm respectively while E. mathaei only
inhibited S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 9.27 ± 2.06mm in 24
hours of incubation as well. As the zone of inhibition prolongs, the zone of
inhibition decreases as observed in 48 hours of incubation. E.
oblonga did not show inhibitoy effect, however it recorded the highest
radical scavenging activity with 64.46% among the three species of sea urchins.
This was followed by E. mathaei (51.52%) and E. diadema (37.38%).
All collected species manifested antioxidant potential. Based on the results,
the collected species of sea urchins has a pharmacological potential.
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Introduction
Marine invertebrates are excellent sources of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant dynamics. Recent discovery on pharmacological dynamics has stimulated the search for natural agents or natural sources that will lead to a desirable antibacterial and secondary metabolites (Abubakar et al., 2012).
The diversity of marine organisms in our ecosystem, secondary metabolites has been identified as one of very important compound available produced in marine organisms. Sea urchins are small, spiny, globular animals belong to the class Echinoidea of the echinoderm phylum (Shankarlal et al., 2011). Additionally, sea urchins have orbicular bodies coated with a strict shell and thoroughly covered with many sharp spines (Amarowicz et al., 2012).
As stated in the study of Bich et al., (2004), echinoderms have pharmacologically active secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activity of sea urchin is generally assayed through various extracts with different solvents. Methanol extract of Tripneustes gratilla showed highest antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Abubakar et al., 2012). Also, methanol extract of Diadema setosum exhibited higher zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Rahman et al., 2015).
An investigation report of Bragadeeswaran et al. (2013) on the bioactive compounds of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus showed remarkable hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. The spines of purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus showed excellent activity by using DPPH scavenging activity indicating the presence of PHNQ as potential sources of natural antioxidants (Zhou et al., 2011).
The present work focused on the screening of the antibacterial and
antioxidant activity of whole globular body and tissues of Echinothrix diadema,
Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra oblonga collected from the intertidal zone
of the coastal ecosystem of Barangay Diguisit, Baler, Aurora, Philippines.
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