Honeybee Foraging on Wild Flowers in Dang, Cameroon | InformativeBD

Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, Christian Wékéré, Delphine Nguemo Dongock, Sidonie Fameni and Tope, from the institute of Cameroon. wrote a Research article about, Honeybee Foraging on Wild Flowers in Dang, Cameroon. entitled, Exploitation of Acacia sieberiana, Allophylus africanus and Flacourtia indica flowers by Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon). This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

To date, in Cameroon, the demand for honey and other hive products is very high, partly because of the absent of the knowledge of the apicultural value of many plant species. This research was conducted to evaluate the apicultural value of Acacia sieberiana DC., Allophylus africanus P. Beauv. and Flacourtia indica (Burm. F.) Merr. Apis mellifera Linnaeus workers foraging activity was studied on the flowers of these plant species, from March to July 2015 and 2016. At Dang, the flowers of each plant species were observed two days per week, between 7am and 18pm, for recording the pollen and/or nectar foraging behaviour of A. mellifera workers. Results showed that, A. mellifera harvested intensely and regularly the nectar of each plant species. In addition, F. indica was visited intensely for pollen; Al. africanus and Ac. sieberiana were also visited for pollen but slightly. The greatest mean number of workers foraging simultaneously in activity per 1000 flowers varied from 210 (Al. africanus) to 634 (Ac. sieberiana). The mean foraging speed varied from 6.53 flowers/min (Ac. sieberiana) to 30.44 flowers/min (Al. africanus) in 2015 and  5.87 flowers/min (Ac. sieberiana) to 23.94 flowers/min (Al. africanus) in 2016. Thus, Ac. sieberiana, Al. africanus and F. indica could be cultivated and protected to increase honey production. Flacourtia indica could enable beekeepers to increase their pollen production as a hive product. During foraging, A. mellifera workers improved pollination possibilities of each plant species.

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Introduction

Honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) is a social insect that builds its nest in a cavity, by connecting cones to the upper wall (Michel et al., 1994). In nests also called hives, the bees live in colonies containing about 50000 to 60000 individuals (Michel et al., 1994). Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) DC., Allophylus africanus (Sapindaceae) P. Beauv. and Flacourtia indica (Flacourtiaceae) (Burm. F.) Merr. are the plant species who provide the alimentary resources (nectar et pollen) for honeybees. The plant species flowers are visited by these bees for the nectar and the pollen collection. The basic foods of each A. mellifera colony are nectar and pollen (Villières, 1987; Jha and Vandermeer, 2009) collected from many plant species (Morse and Calderone, 2000). The nectar is transformed into honey which is stored together with pollen in the hive for future use (Crane, 1999). These substances have been exploited by humans for thousands of years (Crane, 1999). The production of these two substances depends on the abundance of some plant species in the environment of the apiary and their attractiveness to honeybees (Afik et al., 2006). Thus sustainable beekeeping in a given Region requires a detailed knowledge of the apicultural value of the plant species that grow in the environment of the Apiaries (Leven et al., 2005).

Before this study, there was no literature on the relationship between the honeybees and many plant species (including Acacia sieberiana, Allophylus africanus and Flacourtia indica) in Cameroon. Yet, in this country, because of the increasing demand for hive products such as honey and pollen, beekeeping needs to be developed (INADES, 2000).

The main objective of this work was to study of the relationships between A. mellifera Linnaeus, Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) DC., Allophylus africanus (Sapindaceae) P. Beauv. and Flacourtia indica (Burm. F.) Murr. for their optimal exploitation. For each plant species, we recorded the activity of A. mellifera on flowers, evaluated the apicultural value and registered the pollination behaviour of A. mellifera.

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Article source : Exploitation of Acacia sieberiana, Allophylus africanus and Flacourtia indica flowers by Apismellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon)  

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Bee Pollination Efficiency on Vigna Unguiculata Flowers in Cameroon | InformativeBD

Pharaon Mbianda Auguste, Chantal Douka, Dounia, Christian Etoundi Eloundou, and  Fernand-NestorTchuenguem Fohouo, from the different institute of the Cameroon. wrote a research article about, Bee Pollination Efficiency on Vigna Unguiculata Flowers in Cameroon. entitled, Pollination Efficiency of Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Flowers of Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae) at Bilone (Obala, Cameroon).This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biology, under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

 Abstract

To evaluate Apis mellifera impact on pod and seed yields of Vigna unguiculata, its foraging and pollinating activities were studied in Bilone during the rainy season of 2016 and 2017. Treatments included unlimited flowers access by all visitors, bagged flowers to avoid all insects’ pollinators and limited of single visit of A. mellifera worker. For each year of study, observations were made on 40±7 flowers per treatments. Apis mellifera foraging behavior and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Results show that this bee foraged nectar and pollen on V. unguiculata flowers during the whole blooming period. The number of seeds per pod of unprotected flowers were significantly higher than those of flowers protected from insects (P<0.001). Through its pollination efficiency, A. mellifera provoked a significant increment the number of seeds per pod by 2.34% in 2016 and 18.89% in 2017 and the percentage of normal seeds by 0.28% in 2016 and 0.17% in 2017. The installation of A. mellifera colonies close to V. unguiculata fields is recommended to increase pod and seed yield in the region.

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Introduction

Several plant species depend on insect pollinators for their reproduction (McGregor, 1976; Philippe, 1991). In agro ecosystems, these pollinators have a great ecological and economic importance because they influence positively plant productions (Philippe, 1991; Tchuenguem, 2005). Vigna unguiculata is annual plant originated from Africa (Dabire, 2001). Vigna unguiculata grow vertically (upright to 5 m); climbing stems can reach two to three meters high. The leaves are generally trifoliate, the flower is pink, but can vary from white to red (Philippe, 1991) and produces nectar and pollen which attract insects (Dabire, 2001; Rodolphe-Edouard et al., 2002; Mone, 2008; Pando et al., 2014; Djonwangwé et al., 2017). Cross-pollination by insects is generally observed (Dabire, 2001; Mone, 2008; Rodolphe-Edouard et al., 2002; Bricas et al., 2009; Pando et al., 2014; Djonwangwé et al., 2017). Niger and Nigeria are the largest producers of V. unguiculata and Cameroon is the best producer in Central Africa (Bricas et al., 2009).

The fruit is a pod containing average fifteen seeds (Tchuenguem et al., 2009). Per 100 g of dry matter, ripe seeds contain proteins (23.65 to 29.98%), glucose (44.1 to 49.6%), and lipids (1.35 to 1.66%) (Iqbal et al., 2006; Piergivanni et al., 1989) those are important for human’s diets.

These researches conducted in Benin by Pauly et al. (2009), in Cameroon by Tchuenguem et al. (2009), Pando et al. (2014) and Djonwangwé et al. (2017) have revealed that Apis mellifera visits V. unguiculata flowers and collect nectar and pollen. No previous research has been reported on the relations between V. unguiculata flowers and A. mellifera in Bilone (Center Region, Cameroon), although, the activities of insects on the flowers can vary with region (Tchuenguem, 2005; Roubik, 2000). The main objective of this research was to gather more data on the relations between V. unguiculata and A. mellifera. Specific objectives were to study the activities of this bee on V. unguiculata flowers and to evaluate its pollination efficiency on pod and seed yields.

Reference

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Douka C, Tchuenguem FFN. 2013. Foraging and pollination Behavior of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on flowers of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) at Maroua, Cameroon. International Research Journal of Plant Science 4(2), 45-54.

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Taimanga, Tchuenguem FFN. 2018. Diversité des insectes floricoles et son impact sur les rendements fruitiers et grainiers de Glycine max (Fabaceae) à Yassa (Douala, Cameroun), International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 12(1), 141-156.

Tchuenguem FFN. 2005. Foraging and pollination activity of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae) on flowers of three plants at Ngaoundéré (Cameroon): Callistemon rigidus (Myrtaceae), Sygygium guineense var. macrocarpum (Myrtaceae) and Voacanga Africana (Apocynaceae). State doctorate, University of Yaounde I. p. 103.

Tchuenguem FFN, Ngakou A, Kengni BS. 2009. Pollination and yield responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to the foraging activity of Apis mellifera adansonii (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at Ngaoundéré (Cameroon). African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 1988-1996.

Tchuenguem FFN, Dounia. 2014. Foraging and pollination behavior of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Glycine max L. (Fabaceae) flowers at Maroua. Journal of Research in Biology 4(1), 1209-1219.

Source : Pollination Efficiency of Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Flowers of Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae) at Bilone (Obala, Cameroon) 

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