Health Benefits of Banana (Musa): A Review | InformativeBD

 

Fatima Zahra, Sidra Khalid, Maria Aslam, and Zainab Sharmeen,  from the institute of Pakistan. wrote a Review article about, Health Benefits of Banana (Musa): A Review. Entitled, Health benefits of banana (Musa)- A review study. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Banana is a very delicious and nutritious fruit, economically more affordable in all over the world for all age groups from the Musaceae family. It belongs to the genus Musa. Banana is easily digestible, have low fat, sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins therefore used in special diets as for babies, patient having stomach disorders, arthritis. Every part of banana plant has specific health benefits, used to treat and prevent different diseases like cancer, ulcer, Alzheimer’s disease, infection, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, diabetes, and hypertension due to its antifungal, antibiotic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The unripe banana cooked form called plantains used as vegetable in some countries, useful for ulcer and digestive disorder. The leaves of banana plant are used for skin allergies, skin burns and flower of banana for bronchitis, diabetes, insect’s bites. The peel and pulp have dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin which is effective for the smoothness of muscles of intestine and vitamin c of banana peel helps to get rid from free radical and protect the body from disease attack. The purpose of writing this review article to study the benefits of nutrients present in banana like phenols, flavonoids, phytochemicals, potassium, vitamins, fiber on human health.

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Introduction

Plants are the natural source of drugs and food products used in all over the world, plants itself and its derivatives are safer in use and have no harmful effects (Calberto et al., 2015). That’s the reason the plants and its derivatives are used as or in the production of medicine globally (Serafino et al., 2008). Medicine based research helps to know the value of the plants and the amount of active ingredients present in it (Williamson, Liu, & Izzo, 2020). The daily consumption of Fruits can lower the risk of some diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, gastric problems etc. ulcers that’s the reason of the addition of fruits as important ingredient in a healthy diet (Rakotoniaina, 2018).

Banana is mostly consumed by the people globally due to its low price and affordable for everyone (Amri, Hossain, & Sciences, 2018; Rodriguez-Amaya & Analysis, 2010). It is cultivated in all over the world about almost 130 countries, mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions and Asia is the center of origin from South-East. Cost-effectively, banana is the fifth agricultural food cultivated in world trade, after cereals, cacao, coffee and sugar and it is an essential fruit crop in the world other than grapes, apples and citrus fruits (Aurore, Parfait, Fahrasmane, & Technology, 2009). Only 20% of banana yield is exported to other countries while the rest are consumed by countries where they are grown. The major countries which are exporters of banana is Ecuador and USA in the world (Tubiello et al., 2013)

Banana fruit consist of two parts: pulp and peel. Peel is about 40% of total weight of the banana and main byproduct of fruit. In past before the researches have begun banana peel is dumped into waste, contributing as massive amount of organic material considering it has no useful benefits. Later on the composition of banana peel is studied and found that it has many beneficial activities and used in many applications (Agama‐Acevedo et al., 2009). Banana pulp is the edible portion of the fruit and has a large amount of nutrition composition. Researchers has studied the vast variety of biologically active components found in banana pulp that can be extracted or isolated for the enrichment of food for health purposes such as different types of starch and cellulose (Khoozani, Birch, Bekhit, & technology, 2019)

The main reason to study health benefits of banana to elaborate the need of consumption of banana in daily dietary practices, as it contains many bioactive substances like phytosterols, phenolics, biogenic amines, carotenoids which are highly required in daily diet as they have many beneficial and healthy effects on human well-being. Most of these substances have antioxidant properties and are required for protecting the body against various free radical stress. (Singh, Singh, Kaur, & Singh, 2016)

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 Article source : Health benefits of banana (Musa)- A review study 

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Pistacia integrrima: Evaluating the Value of an Important Medicinal Plant | InformativeBD

Muhammad Shuaib,  Kashif Ali, Umar Zeb,  Firasat Hussain,  Muhammad Aurang Zeb, Saddam Hussain, and Fida Hussain, from the institute of China. wrote a Research article about, Pistacia integrrima: Evaluating the Value of an Important Medicinal Plant. Entitled, Evaluation of Pistacia integrrima; an important plant. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Pistacia integrrima is a typical therapeutic plant belongs to family Anacardiaceae and local to Japan, China and found in the Northern regions of Pakistan commonly called KakrraSingi (Urdu) and Shanai (Pushto). It is used ethnomedicinally for a number of diseases include fever, cough, asthma, vomiting, Ascaris, Anorexia, Allergy, viral infections, diarrhea, snake and scorpion biting sting. The different parts of the plant roots, leaves, stems, barks, Galls and fruits contains various bioactive compounds like amino acid, alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, aromadendrene, Pistacinin, Pistacin, Dihydromalvic acid, Pistacienoic acid, sitosterol, resin, essential oils, caprylic acid, camphene, cineol, sterals, dihydroqueretin and triterpenoids. Antimicrobial activity of chloroform and ethanol leaves extract from Pistacia integrrima reported in many research papers. The leave extract exhibited the fungi growth including Aspergillus flavus, Dreschlera turcica and Fusarium verticillioides. The plant is known to have many biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, antioxidant, phytotoxic, cytotoxicity and antiasthmatic. The current review will cover biological activities, phytochemical evaluation, ethnomedicinal uses, ethnobotanical uses and aim to serve as a base for additional investigation and exploitation. The current review shows a gap needed further investigations and isolations of new compound, and its biological activities.

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Introduction

Pistacia integerrima belong to family Anacardiaceae and a native dioecious tree to China, Japan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India (Pant and Samant, 2010). The different researcher goal medicinal flora like the development of therapeutic compounds (Elisabetsky, 1991).

There is some disease in the world which cause much death killing almost 40000 people, a disease like diarrhea cause huge mortality among children’s (Piddock et al., 1991). Bacteria like Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus are most common species which are pathogenic to children (Singh 1992). In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world (Mulligen et al., 1992). Plant-based drugs are 120 worldwide and it is obtained from 95 plants.

About 250,000 flowering species and about 5000 flowers had pharmaceutical potential assessed. In East Asia, many plants are considered to have significant medicinal features i.e. antiinflammatory, anti-bacterial and analgesic functions because they contain a large variety of phytochemical i.e. monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and curcuminoids (Tang, 1992).

It is found and mostly grows at an altitude of 900- 2000m. Pistacia integrrima commonly called zebra wood but it has many vernacular names in Pakistan like Shania, Kakra, Khanjar, Thoak and India like Kakring, Kakra, Kakroi, Kakkar, Singhi, kakarsinghi (Orwa et al., 2009). Pistacia integrrima is a well prominent due to Galls that present on the leaves and petioles. These galls are like animals horn shaped. The galls are the store house of various secondary metabolites so; it has importance in Indian traditional medicine systems (Chopra et al., 1986).

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 Article source : Evaluation of Pistacia integrrima; an important plant 

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Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts | InformativeBD

Anthelmintic, Efficacy, Extract, Phytochemical,  and Sasso chicken, from the institute of Philippines.  wrote a Research article about, Natural Dewormers: Anthelmintic Power of Star Apple and Guava Bark Extracts. Entitled, Anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava ethanolic bark extracts against Ascaridia galli of chicken. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Limited substantiations are available supporting the pharmacological properties of herbal plants utilized in ethno-veterinary medication which remained sustainable in local communities in spite of advancements in animal health today. This study evaluated through in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic assays the folkloric use of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava, which are among the selection of documented florae in the Philippines being used in ethno-veterinary medicine. In vitro anthelmintic evaluation showed time-dependent and concentration-dependent efficacies. The ovicidal action of Chrysophyllum cainito bark ethanolic extract at 60mg/ml has recorded 94.65% inhibition capacity, whereas Psidium guajava bark ethanolic extract generated 92.64% and 96.28% efficacies at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, respectively. The wormicidal activity of the former elicited 88.88% at 60mg/kg, while the latter yielded 88.88% and 94.44% mortalities to worms at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, correspondingly. Probit analysis on the lethal concentration (LC50) against eggs and worms was logged at different magnitudes for both plants. In vivo assessment by means of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) rate has signified biologically, that the tested plants undoubtedly possess anthelmintic property.

Read more : Finding the Perfect Soil: Land Suitability for Boosting Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Production |InformativeBD 

Introduction

The scientific dwellings in modern animal health is averted with issues on drug resistance and residues attributed to injudicious use of veterinary drugs; a menace which may possibly upsurge as global problem in the future. The undisciplined custom of employing anthelmintics both for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes raises distress to authorities. Indeed, most farmers are reliant on the use of synthetic anti-parasitic drugs, and less application of organic approach (Waller, 2006).

The control and prevention of these parasites have depended largely on the application of several synthetic preparations of anthelmintics (Kumarasingha et al., 2016). In view of this concern, experts are assertive in seeking alternative approaches of controlling worm infection in animals, such as the elimination of Ascaridia galli, which is the most known parasite of birds that causes severe illness, pathological deformities and financial losses even in modern fowl production systems (Garedaghi, 2011; Soulsby, 1982).

The documented resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to commercial dewormers has intensified the essential need to evaluate natural products, which can supplant the current approaches of controlling these parasites (Macedo et al., 2012). Innovative dealings to control helminth infections are essential at this hour in order to halt this very concern on anthelmintic resistance (Giri et al., 2015). The identification of anthelmintic plant extract with promising pharmacologic properties may contribute to the development of phytotherapeutic products with lower risk of resistance in contrast to conventional medication currently employed (Ferreira et al., 2013). Yigezu et al. (2014) highlighted the need for further methodical evaluations of plant materials used in ethno-veterinary medicine. As such, limited investigation finding is known on the pharmacological properties of Psidium guajava and Chrysophyllum cainito specifically on the anthelmintic activity. This therefore, dictates the need to search for substantial scientific evidences on the beneficial use of the aforementioned herbal plants that would offer alternatives to animal raisers in managing worm infection using vegetation found in the surroundings which are safe, efficient and inexpensive.

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Article source : Anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava ethanolic bark extracts against Ascaridia galli of chicken 

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