Md. Anwarul Kabir
Bhuiya, Md Abdur Rahman, Md Shoeb Md. Asadul Islam , Sajib Madbar, Muniat
Niva, Md. Saiful Islam, and Samia Tabassum, from the different
institute of the Bangladesh. wrote a research article
about' Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Alternanthera
Philoxeroides for Environmental Applications. entitled, Green synthesis
and characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using leaf extract of
Alternanthera Philoxeroides for environmental applications. This research
paper published by the International
Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research
journal on Biology, under the affiliation of the International Network
For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access
multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
Iron oxide
nanoparticles, notably magnetite (Fe3O4), have become widely used and a key
topic of research due to their superparamagnetism and distinctive features. As
a result, scientists are diligently looking into new uses for these
nanoparticles. The choice and use of synthesis techniques are important
variables that might affect the size and characteristics of the nanoparticles
(NPs). The use of harmful compounds that are absorbed on the surface of the
nanoparticles has been linked to a number of negative impacts of chemical
production processes. The Green synthesis of nanoparticles has evolved as an
eco-friendly method in response to environmental concerns, giving researchers
the chance to internationally investigate the potential of various herbs for
nanoparticle synthesis. The aqueous extract of Alternanthera Philoxeroides
leaves and the precursors ferric chloride anhydrous (FeCl3 anhydrous) and
ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) are used in this study to
demonstrate a green synthesis approach for manufacturing magnetite
nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to evaluate the produced FeNPs. The presence of
functional groups including (-OH), (C-H), and (-NH) was detected in the FTIR
findings, showing that organic compounds had been coated on the FeNPs. A
maximum absorption peak was detected in the ultraviolet-visible spectra of the
aqueous media containing iron nanoparticles at about 330 nm. The magnetic
characteristics of the produced FeNPs were verified by VSM testing. Numerous
uses for these nanoparticles exist, such as waste water treatment, energy
production, and others.
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Introduction
Nanoparticles have seen an increase in demand in recent years, due to their use in various fields, including health, catalysis, energy, and drug delivery systems (Nam et al., 2009; Li et al., 2011). The physical, chemical, optical, and electrical properties of these nanomaterials are significantly influenced by the size, shape, and surface morphology of the nanoparticles. Various techniques, including physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, the solgel method, co-precipitation method, ultrasonic method, electrochemical synthesis, and chemical reduction of metallic ions, are used to create metallic nanoparticles (Horwat et al., 2011; Sobhani et al., 2011; Starowicz et al., 2006). These Syntheses frequently involve toxic, expensive, and unsustainable substances. Due to the simplicity of synthesis, environmental friendliness, and increased stability of nanoparticles, green synthesis approaches based on fungus, microbes, plant and peel extracts are currently being investigated (Balaji et al., 2009; Kumar et al., 2011; Sukirtha et al., 2012).
Because of their high saturation magnetization, Fe3O4 MNPs are simple to magnetically separate in an external magnetic field (Mohamed et al., 2017). Several studies have been done on the synthesis of MNPs using a variety of reducing agents, including hydrazine (Hou et al., 2005). Dimethyl formamide (Jian et al., 2006). Sodium borohydride (Cain et al., 1996). Carbon monoxide (Mondal et al., 2004) and others. The biocompatibility of MNPs is hampered by these highly reactive reducing agents, which also have negative environmental impacts. As a result, there are only a few bio-medical uses for chemically reduced MNPs. MNPs must be strictly biocompatible in order to be used in biomedical applications. Several research using plant extracts to synthesize Fe3O4-NPs have been successful. For instance, Artemisia annua fruit extract (Basavegowda et al., 2014). Perilla frutescens leaf extract (Basavegowda et al., 2014). Tridax procumbens (Senthil et al., 2012). Caricaya papaya extract (Latha et al., 2014). Plantain peel extract (Venkateswarlu et al., 2013). Grape proanthocyanidin seed extract (Narayanan et al., 2012). In the leaf extract, there are a number of polyphenols and acidic compounds available. These Polyphenols from the extract form complexes with metal ions and show both reducing and capping behavior for NPs Senthil et al., 2012. Also, these polyphenolic compounds are biodegradable, nontoxic, and water-soluble at room temperature, which proves that green leaf extract as an effective reducing agent compared to others (Latha et al., 2014). According to the literature analysis, no specific studies have been conducted on the synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs using the alligator weed Alternanthera Philoxeroides, which encourages and pushes us to work on this. We have developed a modified green synthesis method to prepare Fe3O4-NPs using green Alternanthera Philoxeroides extract as a reducing agent, a novel environmentally friendly technique for producing Fe3O4-NPs is suggested in this study.
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