Anticytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Moringa oleifera Flower Extract | InformativeBD

G. Rajeswari, from the institute India. S. Parvathi,  from the institute India. and S. Palanival, from the institute India. wrote a Research Article about, Anticytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Moringa oleifera Flower Extract. entitled, Anticytotoxic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of dried flowers of Moringa oleifera. This research paper published by the, Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES). an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is a common plant and known for various medicinal properties. The research work was conducted to investigate the anticytotoxic and antioxidant activity of dried flower powder extract of leaf Moringa oleifera. The ethanol extracts from flower of moringa plants contain severalphytochemicals such asalkaloids,amino acids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, coumarins and triterpenoids.The antioxidant activities of different concentrations of ethanol extracts of the leaves were determined by the three assay techniques i.e., DPPH radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing ability power (FRAP). The type of chemical bonds is identified through FTIR analysis. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the leaves of Moringa oleifera are a potential source of anticytotoxic and antioxidants.

Read more : Biocontrol of Oil Palm Pests Using Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana | InformativeBD

Introduction

Moringa oleifera (MO) grows owing to its nutrientrich seeds, edible leaves and flowers that can be used as food, medication, cosmetic oil, or livestock feed. The height varies between 5 to 10 meters. Different experiments have been demonstrated positive effects on health. MO is also used in developing countries as a source of fruits, medicinal plants, and edible oil. It is an essential nutrient- rich vegetative plant and is commonly considered as a versatile food that can be eaten in all sections (Bharali et al., 2003). Moringa claimed as a nutrient-rich due to its anti-ulcer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic and cholesterol lowering capacity. It has also been used in skin and hair care products (Brown et al., 1998). Moringa oleifera Lam., also known as the drumstick tree.’ It is mostly found in areas having warm and dry and moist. The most important bioactive compounds of plants are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds (Caceres et al., 1992). Different parts of this plan contain a profile of important minerals, and a good source of protein, vitamin, a carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. In the tropics, it is used as forage for livestock, and in many countries, it is used as a micronutrient powder to treat various ailments (Clarke Hans Thacher, 2007). Moringa oleifera has several medicinal properties and has potentiality to cure many diseases (Donli et al., 2003). It is used to treat diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, anaemia, arthritis, respiratory problems, skin, liver problems, paralysis, sterility, rheumatism, digestive disorders and many more (Eilert et al., 1981). The anticancer result of Moringa has been tested for its chemo-protective properties and has been shown to prevent the development of various human cancer cells (Fahey, 2005). M. oleifera has several bioactive compounds with antitumor activity.

Reference

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Caceres A, Saraiva A, Rizzio S, Zabala L, De Leon E, Navy F, 1992. Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 2: screening for antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity. J Ethnopharmacology 36(3), 233

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Donli PO, Dauda H. 2003. Evaluation of aqueous Moringa seed extract as a seed treatment bio fungicide for groundnuts. Pest Management Sci. 59(9), 1060.

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Fahey J, 2005. Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Journal 1(5), 231.

Özcan MM, Ghafoor K, Juhaimi F, Ahmed IAM, Babiker EE. 2019. Effect of cold-press and soxhlet extraction on fatty acids, tocopherols and sterol contents of the Moringa seed oils. South African Journal of Botany 124, 333-337.

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Source : Anticytotoxic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of dried flowers of Moringa oleifera 

 

 

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Acacia nilotica _Recovery from Pesticide ExposureBark | InformativeBD

Raphael Mwezi, Revocatus L. Machunda, and  Hamisi M. Malebo, from the different institute of the Tanzania. wrote a research article about, Acacia nilotica _Recovery from Pesticide ExposureBark, entitled, "Recovery of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition by Methanolic Bark Extract of Acacia nilotica from Organophosphate Pesticides Exposure in mice model".This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biology, under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Organophosphates (OPs) pesticides are reported to cause acute poisoning because of their ability to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Available antidotes drugs are atropine sulfur, Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) and diazepam, which act to recover OP-AChE inhibition. These are controlled drugs not easily accessed and very expensive. In this present study Acacia nilotica was assessed for its antioxidant activity, and in vivo AChE depression and recovery from OP-AChE inhibition. The mice were exposed in three different OPs including chlorpyrifos 480g/l (CPF), Fenitrothion 10g/l (FNT) and Profenophos 720g/l (PFP). The methanolic bark extract of A. nilotica had a substantial increase of absorbance readings from 2.895±0.0032 to 3.716±0.0259 compared to standard (ascorbic acid) from 0.108±0.0033 to 1.468±0.0297 at P<0.05. AChE depression and recovery were assessed by using the AChE test mate kit to analyze blood collected from the mice’s tail. Recovery effect under crude methanolic extract from A. nilotica, ascorbic acid and normal feeding were compared with the untreated group. Results have shown that there is a significant decrease of AChE level from Day zero to 14th day in all treated groups of CPF, PFP and FNT which indicate poisoning. Significance of AChE recovery observed only in male mice in all treatment groups. This is a first study to assess and report the antioxidant activity of stem bark methanolic extracts of A. nilotica in controlling organophosphate pesticide toxicity in mice, hence further studies on isolation of active compounds are recommended.

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Introduction

Pesticides exposure cause adverse effects on human health (Elibariki & Maguta, 2017). Worldwide, approximately 200,000 cases are due to acute poisoning that leads to deaths each year (UN, 2009). 99% of acute poisoning occurs in developing countries (WHO, 2014). Statistics show that about 700 cases of death related to pesticide poisoning may occur annually (Gupta & Sharma, 2006). This shows the need to prevent people from the adverse effects and death associated with pesticide exposure.

In Tanzania, a recent report shows that the prevalence of occupational acute pesticide poisoning range from 50% to 96% (Lekei et al., 2016). The current treatment of pesticide poisoning cases available in Tanzania’s hospital are an antidote, which includes a drug such as atropine, Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) and diazepam which are controlled drugs. The drugs are unavailable in rural settings and are very expensive, (Eddleston, et al., 2008). Alternative drug product from natural plant should be searched and developed in order to protect people who are exposed to pesticide and who are at risk to get pesticide poisoning.

Presence of OP in the human body triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces Oxidative Stress (OS) such as lipid peroxidation, it also induces neurotoxic action and cause inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme (AChE) and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme (Verma et al., 2007; Oruc, 2012). These antioxidants are essential for neutralizing ROS (Sultana, et al.,2007), meanwhile, AChE is an essential enzyme in neuro-system which play a great role of converting acetylcholine to Acetate and Choline, finally Choline taken back to the neural cell. Acetyl CoA from mitochondria combines with choline to form Acetyl-choline (Ach). Acetate at the ring is released as well as CoA in the neural (Akefe, 2017). Inhibition of AChE results into increase of acetylcholine in the body which cause decrease of AChE level (u/mL) result into acute health effects (headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, death) or chronic health effect (cancer, loss of coordination, loss of vision) (Fayuk & Yakel, 2004). Hence there is a need to prevent the AChE level depression.

Studies have observed that antioxidant derived from vitamins have the capability to fight ROS induced by OPs (Verma, et al., 2007). Also, some studies reported that ROS induced by Chlorpyrifos OP can be scavenged by vitamins enriched antioxidants (A, C and E) (Verma et al., 2007). However, other antioxidant-enriched plants should be searched and assessed their antioxidant property to fight against ROS induced by other OPs. A. nilotica is multi-medicinal plant found in kingdom Plantae, division Mangnoliophyta, Family Fabaceae and is widely found in Africa and Asia (Harmacy & Ciences, 2011). It is reported to have polyphenol antioxidant property (Johns et al., 1999). The medicinal property of the plant may vary depending on part of plant taken. Barks from A. nilotica was shown to contain polyphenol and flavonoids compared with leaves and roots (Sadiq et al., 2015). The presence of polyphenol in A. nilotica gives the plant an ability to scavenge ROS induced by chemicals and protect from oxidative stress in human body (Del et al., 2008): Duganath et al., 2010: Ravikumar & Angelo, 2015). This study was aimed to assess antioxidant activity of A. nilotica in controlling the effects of Chlorpyrifos, Profenophos and Fenitrothion organophosphate pesticides poisoning in mice.

Reference

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Source : Recovery of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition by Methanolic Bark Extract of Acacia nilotica from Organophosphate Pesticides Exposure in mice model 

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Green Synthesis: Silver Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera | InformativeBD

Jayaprakash Kuzhandaivel , Balamurugan Vadivel and Rajasekar Aruliah from the different institute of the india, wrote a research article about Green Synthesis: Silver Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera, entitled, Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera gum: a green synthesis approach. This research paper published by the  International Journal of Biosciences| IJB an open access scholarly research journal on Bioscience, under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Plant gums have enormous medicinal potential and have been used in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. In the present investigation, Moringa oleifera gum (MOG) was collected, and its physical properties and phytochemical composition were investigated. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced, and characterization was carried out using UV spectroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the standard method was used for the antioxidant assay and the antimicrobial test. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have irregular shapes and no fixed geometry. The agglomerate shape resembles that of pebble-like structures. UV‒vis analysis proved the wavelength of the sample to be 350–470 nm. In antioxidant studies, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activity values ranging from 21.15 ± 0.017 to 63.46± 0.03 g/mL at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 g/mL. In an antimicrobial experiment, the maximum incubation zone was 18 mm by 100 µL of AgNPs synthesized from M. oleifera gum extract against S. typhi. P. aeruginosa expressed a 16 mm zone of incubation at 100 µL of AgNPs synthesized from M. oleifera gum. According to the findings of this study, AgNPs derived from M. oleifera gum can be employed as a lead chemical in the creation of an effective antimicrobial drug for the treatment of microbial infections. This research establishes the foundation for synthesizing AgNPs from M. oleifera gum and its powerful novel pharmacological applications.

 

Read more:  Assessing Carbosulfan's Neuro-genotoxic Impact on Carp Fish | InformativeBD

Introduction

Plant gums have tremendous therapeutic importance in pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets, lotions, suspensions, syrups, and ointments. Plant gums are made of polysaccharides that can be used in various formulations and chemical changes to improve their properties [H Zaigham et al., 2019;].Researchers are actively attempting to develop a wide range of novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds from natural resources that are incredibly beneficial to humans and animals.

The bioactive compounds derived from plant gum can be extracted using current technological advances. Moringa oleifera is a widely distributed plant species used for medicinal purposes. oleifera comes under the Moringaceae family and is fast-growing, droughttolerant, and readily adapted to various habitats and agricultural systems. The plant is native to northeastern India and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions [SJS Flora and V Pachauri,2011;]. In the Indian vegetable industry, it holds adistinct and coherent stance. M. oleifera has been used as a food additive because of its high nutritional content and easy digestion of proteins, minerals, vitamins, and carotenoids [JW Fahey,2005; K Maheshwari et al., 2014; J Mehta et al.,2011].

Pharmaceuticals based on metals, polymers, liposomes, and oxide nanoparticles are being researched for their therapeutic potential in many diseases, including cancer [O C Farokhzad et al.,2006;]. Metal nanoparticle synthesis has emerged a san essential branch of nanotechnology, with a growing commercial demand for NPs due to their numerous applications. Researchers have been interested in AgNPs because of their unique properties. In this research, AgNPs have been characterized as antibacterial agents. Silver 'santibacterial action is magnified in the form of NPsdue to the increased number of NPs per unit area(increase in area/surface/volume ratio) [M Araujo etal., 2020;]. In the present investigation, Moringaoleifera gum (MOG) was collected, and its physical properties and phytochemical composition were analyzed. The green production and characterization of AgNPs from M. oleifera gum were then carried out utilizing UV-spectroscopic analysis and SEM. Several studies have reported that M. oleifera plant parts suchas leaves, stems, and seeds have shown suitable antibacterial activities [S Gupta et al., 2018;].However, because there has been no previous research on M. oleifera gum, the current work focuses on the antimicrobial characteristics of AgNPs generated from M. oleifera gum.

Reference

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Source: Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera gum: agreen synthesis approach 

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