Bacterial Wilt Threat: Ralstonia solanacearum Impact on Crops in South Kalimantan | InformativeBD

Yusriadi, from the institute of Indonesia. wrote a Research article about, Bacterial Wilt Threat: Ralstonia solanacearum Impact on Crops in South Kalimantan. Entitled, Intensity of Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial cause wilting disease in several plants in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Disease that develops and is very detrimental to plants in South Kalimantan is a bacterial wilt disease and has spread in plantations which are superior commodities, with high attack rates. Since 2007 losses due to this disease have increased until mid-2017 losses of up to 80% (severe attack rate). The cause of this disease is the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, which is found in almost all of Indonesia. This bacterium is the most important limiting factor for the successful production of 33 families or 150 types of plants both cultivated plants and ornamental plants, such as tomatoes, peanuts, ginger, bananas, eggplant, potatoes and tobacco which are dangerous diseases in the subtropics and tropics because this bacterium has many host plants. This study aims to determine the level of attack on several plants that are widely cultivated in South Kalimantan. This level of attack is very important for a comprehensive alternative control. The method used was sampling at each planting location and sampling in the affected areas of the plantations, then identification was carried out. The results showed that there was no difference in the level of attack on crops caused by these bacteria obtained from the South Kalimantan area of ​​Indonesia.

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Introduction

South Kalimantan in the development of the agricultural sector is felt to be very potential, this is supported by the vast land conditions, and sufficient labor available and conducive security conditions. Various policies and strategic steps in accelerating development in this field, the provincial government of South Kalimantan through the Department of Agriculture, Food Crops and Horticulture carries out policies and activities in the framework of Safeguarding Food Security through policies a). Maintaining/increasing the surplus of rice production, b) Increasing the availability of other food (crops and horticulture). Policy in increasing production, productivity, competitiveness and value added of food crops and horticulture products (TPH) by focusing on the development of superior commodities (Rice, Corn, Peanuts, Oranges, Bananas and Rhizomes) with the commodity zoning approach, as well as optimizing the control of disturbing organisms plants (OPT) and anticipation of natural disasters on agricultural land.

In Indonesia wilting caused by bacteria is a disease that is very detrimental to cropping. In general, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Yabuuchi et al., 1995) is one of the main obstacles in the production of almost all types of plants both in tropical and temperate climates. It is estimated that there are 50 plant families including Solanaceae, Musaceae, Asteracea, Fabaceae, including families of forest trees, shrubs and weeds. The cause of the bacterial wilt disease of R. solanacearum is known to have a wide geographical distribution and diversity of races (strains) so to control it first needs to know its races, as well as its biovar and host. So far, wilted bacteria are divided into biovar groups (Hartman, Hong, Hanudin & Hayward, 1993) and racial groups, each of which is differentiated based on phenotypic characteristics and host range.

Bacterial wilt caused by bacteria (Rasltonia solanacearum) is one of the main diseases and is widespread especially in plants that have economic value such as potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, ginger, chillies, peanuts, bananas and tobacco in tropical and subtropical regions (Hayward 1990; Hayward 1994). Machmud, (1989) that weed species found in peanut fields are also potential hosts for P. solanacearum bacteria. The role of weeds as an important source of inoculum, because bacteria that attack weeds sometimes do not show real symptoms. These bacteria have many races and different levels of attack on different plants, as well as in different regions will be found different races are not the same and sometimes have distinctive characteristics (both biology and physiology). This research will aim to look at the level of attack and spread of these bacteria, so that we will get a type of plant that is safe to be cultivated in certain areas, as well as integrated control tactics that will be prepared to prevent this wilt attack. In South Kalimantan the bacterial wilt of R. solanacearum is a major limiting factor in the production of Kepok bananas (2007 to present) Yusriadi et al., 2017). But lately it turns out that wilting is not only found in banana plants, but has been found in vegetable and other horticultural crops. This study aims to determine the level of attack on several vegetable and horticultural crops that are widely cultivated in South Kalimantan, carried out an overall alternative control.

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Article source : Intensity of Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial cause wilting disease in several plants in South Kalimantan, Indonesia