Antonio-Abdu Sami M.
Magomnang, from the institute of Philippines and Dianne Mae M. Asiñero, from the
institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Farmers and Pesticide
Practices in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. entitled, Pesticide usage by Farmers; A case
study of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research | IJAAR. an open access scholarly
research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International
Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary
research journal publisher.
Abstract
As well pesticides are
playing an important role in enhancing crop yield, but producing resistance
against many crop pests and are also harmful to our environment. Surveys were
conducted in 21 villages of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan in 2016. Data about
pesticide usage were collected from 210 respondents (local farmers). The
results show that only 22% local farmers have potential towards use of
pesticides. The maximum pesticide users were found in Taxila and the price was
the key factor to select pesticides for the farmers. Selection of pesticide
maximum depends on previous experience of farmers. Only 3 % farmers adopt
precautionary measures before using the pesticides in this area. This study
will be helpful in future to aware local people about the safe and accurate use
of pesticide to produce healthy and good yield crops and also helpful to
conduct awareness programs in the future.
Read more : Bacterial Wilt Threat:Ralstonia solanacearum Impact on Crops in South Kalimantan | InformativeBD
Introduction
The Philippine
agricultural sector has depended and relied on inorganic fertilizers and
pesticides for food production for almost over three decades. Due to lack of an
effective and locally available fertilizer and pesticide technologies,
Philippines resorted to importation of 85% of its total inorganic fertilizer
and more than 90% of its pesticide requirements. A study conducted by Javier
and Brown (2014) revealed that large amounts of foreign exchange spent on
importation have contributed to the stagnant and limited growth of our economy.
Hence, bio-fertilizer research in the country was undertaken in the late 70s to
come up with more cost-efficient local alternatives to imported fertilizers and
pesticides.
Organic agriculture was
developed not just to aid the limited economic growth of the country but also
to help poor farmers who cannot afford the insurmountable rising cost of
inorganic fertilizers. Organic agriculture is a specific type of low external
input agriculture that adheres to certain principles in the production and
transformation of agricultural commodities (Pendar, 2008). It is based on
minimizing the use of external inputs and avoiding the use of synthetic
fertilizers and pesticides (WHO, 2001). Organic farming has grown rapidly in
the past few decades, especially in industrialized nations, and organic
products were one of the most rapidly growing segments of the retail food
industry in these countries. In 2004, some 24 million hectares were globally
managed organically in three countries (Argentina, Australia and Italy), and
much of this farming involved an extensive, organically certified grazing land (Yussefi,
2004).
An Executive Order 481
was signed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo of the Philippines on December
27, 2005 on the Promotion and Development of Organic Agriculture in the
Philippines. Then, Agriculture Secretary Domingo F. Panganiban during this time
signed an Administrative Order No. 9 series of 2006 or the Implementing Rules
and Regulations (IRR) of EO 481. With this development, the Department of
Agriculture has come up with programs and projects in support to EO 481(ATI,
2006).
To promote organic
farming in the country, this study attempted to utilize natural farming through
the application of Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) in growing a particular
plant. IMO has been successfully tried by government agriculturists, academic
researchers, non-profit organizations and farmers alike. Studies have found
that IMO is useful in removing bad odors from animal wastes, hastening
composting, and contributing to crops’ general health (Business Diary, 2013).
The main purpose of
this study is to grow Brassica juncea (lettuce) plant using organic fertilizers
developed from the species of Paspalum conjugatum (Carabao grass) and Cynodon
dactylon (Bermuda grass). Prior to determining the effects of this developed
organic fertilizers, the soil samples used were determine in terms of size of
particles to examine permeability and capillary of water; pH (acidity or
basicity) and the nutrient contents of the soil (Nitrogen, Potassium and
Phosphorus).
Reference
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