Microbial Allies: Molecular Insights into Bacteria of Healthy Porites lutea Corals | InformativeBD

Muhammad Arif Asadi,  Bambang Semedi, Muliawati Handayani, and Umi Zakiyah, from the institute of Indonesia. wrote a Research article about, Microbial Allies: Molecular Insights into Bacteria of Healthy Porites lutea Corals. Entitled, Molecular characteristic of bacteria associated with healthy Porites lutea coral of South Malang Waters, Indonesia. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystem yet highly vulnerable to diseases and climate change impacts in which approximately 30% of corals have been affected globally. Porites lutea is among the most widespread coral in Indonesia, yet it is also highly impacted by the diseases. This study aimed to isolate, molecularly characterize and identify the associated bacteria that dominated the healthy P. lutea. The coral sampling was using snorkeling while streak method was used for bacterial isolation and purification. Molecular identification consisted of DNA extraction, 16S rRNA PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene flow, and BLAST homology. Results showed that the bacterium associated with healthy P. lutea was closely related to Marinobacter xestospongiae, Marinobacter zheijiangensis, and Marinobacter mobililis with a similarity of 96%, 96%, and 95% respectively. The bacterium can be used as a candidate for further anti-pathogenic bacterial test and may be able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria of coral diseases particularly Pink Line Syndrome that highly impact P. lutea in many areas.

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Introduction

Coral reefs form some of the most productive and diverse ecosystems on earth, often described as "rainforests of the sea" or as "ocean oases." The reefs are home to numerous marine species such as hard and soft corals, sponges, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, and even marine mammals (Fisher et al., 2015; Gross, 2013). In the marine ecosystem, coral reefs serve an important role in providing shelter, spawning and nursery grounds to a wide range of marine life (Fisher et al., 2015; Veron et al., 2009). Healthy reefs also generate income for local communities and support global economies through fisheries and coral reef tourism (Asadi and Andrimida, 2017).

Indonesia contains the highest diversity of coral reefs species. In the Bird’s Head Peninsula of Indonesian Papua alone, 574 species of corals live within the area (72% of the world’s total) (Veron et al., 2011). However, Indonesia's coral reefs are endangered due to destructive fishing practices as well as other anthropogenic threats such as sedimentation, organic pollution, and even destructive tourism activities (Putra et al., 2015). Moreover, the increasing sea surface temperature and the decreasing ocean pH due to the global rise of carbon dioxide elevate the damage of coral reefs ecosystem (Bruno, 2013; Orr et al., 2005). Those factors induce and contribute to the coral bleaching and the outbreak of coral diseases and subsequently increase death to corals over extensive areas (Séré et al., 2015; Weil et al., 2009).

The diseases of scleractinian corals were initially found in the Caribbean, and over the last 30 years, many Indo-Pacific corals have been affected with the diseases causing mortality and significant changes in coral community structures (Weil E et al., 2012). There are a few studies quantifying the coral diseases on Indonesian waters (Johan et al., 2015; Subhan et al., 2011). Moreover, molecular studies of the microorganisms that cause coral diseases and syndromes are even scarcer. In Karimunjawa waters, the molecular study of bacteria associated with Black Band Disease (BBD) on Acropora sp. coral showed that pathogenic microbial group was associated with the diseases (Sabdono and Radjasa, 2006).

Furthermore, to understand microorganisms that play a role in the White Band Disease (WBD) that infected Staghorn Coral Acropora cervicornis, Gignoux-Wolfsohn and Vollmer (2015) isolated and compared both the diseased and healthy-associated bacteria from the coral.

The healthy-associated bacteria may be able to produce bioactive agents with anti-pathogenic properties that could also protect against the diseaseassociated bacteria (Bakkiyaraj et al., 2013). This research aimed to isolate, molecularly characterize and identify the associated bacterium that dominated the healthy Porites lutea coral using 16S rRNA sequence analysis (Mignard and Flandrois, 2006). Moreover, P. lutea is the most abundant coral in the research area (Luthfi et al., 2016).

The species is also vulnerable to coral diseases like Pink Line Syndrome (Ravindran et al., 2015). Therefore, the study of the potential bacteria that could protect against coral disease is beneficial to reduce the impact of the disease on coral reefs ecosystem.

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Article source : Molecular characteristic of bacteria associated with healthy Porites lutea coral of South Malang Waters, Indonesia