Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Faisalabad Raw Milk | InformativeBD

Muhammad Fahad Chaudhary, Ali Abbas Dilawar, Muhammad Asim, Suneel Ahmad, and Unsa Saleem, from the institute of Cameroon. wrote a Research article about, Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Faisalabad Raw Milk. Entitled, Detection of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from raw milk samples in Faisalabad. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Milk is a very important source of nutrition for humans as well as animals. It contains carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Due to its nutritious composition, it is an excellent medium for the growth of microorganisms. Milk gets contaminated by different microorganisms including Streptococcus species.  Considering its importance, the present study was designed to check the microbial contamination of raw milk. 90 samples were collected from different areas of Faisalabad city. Mainly Streptococcus species were targeted and isolated. Out of 90, only 23 samples were found positive for Streptococcus species. Most species were identified as Streptococcus pyogenes by biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and isolates were found to be susceptible to Amikacin (30µg), Tazobactam (110µg), Levofloxacin (5µg), Tobramycin (30µg), Ampicilin-sulbactam (20µg), Chloromphenicol (30µg), and Gentamycin (30µg) and were resistant to Cefoxitin (30µg), Tigecycline (15µg), Cefipime (30µ), Ampicilin (10µ), Cefotoxime (10µg), Trimethoprim (25µg), Cefuroxime (30µg), Cefixime (5µg), Tetracycline (10µg). For further confirmation, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was performed according to CLSI guidelines and results showed that isolates were susceptible to only Ampicillin, Amikacin and Erythromycin. Animals suffering from clinical or sub-clinical mastitis are the source of Streptococcal contamination of milk. The current study supports the finding that raw milk can be regarded as a critical source of MDR bacteria. Strict monitoring and the implementation of effective hygienic should be implemented.

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Introduction

Milk is a nutrient-rich,white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is a primary source of nutrition for children and good for bone growth as it is rich in calcium. Its demand in the global market is increasing day by day. It is also used for the production of a variety of dairy products like yogurt, cheese, etc.It containscarbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals(Guetouache et al., 2014).Due to its nutritious composition, it is an excellent medium for the growth of many microbial communities(Soomro et al., 2002). Milk gets contaminated by different microorganisms including Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species, Compylobacter species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc and these microorganisms adversely affect the quality of milk(Elmoslemany et al., 2009).These pathogenic microorganisms are known to cause serious health hazards to the general population.Milk can serve as a source for transferring these microorganisms from animals to humans (Zoonosis)(Garcell et al. 2015). Milk is extremely susceptible to spoilage due to these microorganisms which get into milk from different sources such as Milkman’s hands, water, feed, Animal’s skin,utensils, environment, etc (Prejit et al., 2007). Microorganisms present in raw milk produce toxins and are responsible for foodborne diseases.Food borne diseases are responsible for >50% cases of mortality to children. These microorganisms are the huge challenge for the dairy industry.

Microorganisms are also present in the milk if the animal suffers from mastitis(Jeykumar et al. 2013). Generally, mastitis is divided into Clinical, subclinical and chronic(Haggag et al. 2018). Mastitis is a multifactorial disease and is very difficult to control. Mastitis can be caused by different bacterial species mainly Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Additionally, different pathogens are typical of different types of mastitis (Clinical, sub-clinical and heifer mastitis). Pathogens involved in bovine mastitis are classified as contagious or environmental pathogen depending upon their epidemiological association with the disease(Azevedo et al., 2015). Contagious pathogens are those which spread from one animal to another while the primary source of pathogen is animal. Environmental pathogens are those which enter the milk during milking whereas the primary source of pathogen is the environment. Due to its economic importance, extensive research is being carried out to determine the microorganisms which affect the quality of milk.Given growing public awareness about food safety and quality, information about the microbial contamination of milk is of great significance. Until now information on such aspects in Pakistan is scant and scattered. This study was performed to check the microbial contamination of milk in different areas of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, Streptococcal species that are adversely affecting the quality of milk are isolated. Because these microorganisms also cause food-borne diseases in the population so their susceptibility to different antibiotics is also determined. This test revealed that the organism is multidrug resistance (MDR).This MDR organism is one of the maincauses of the emerging problem of antibiotics resistance in humans. These bacteria become resistant to antibiotics when these antibiotics are overused in livestock(Azevedo et al. 2015). This resistant organism enters into humans through the milk of these organisms.

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Article source : Detection of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from raw milk samples in Faisalabad