Bioefficacy of Neem and Jatropha Seed Extracts on Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) | InformativeBD

Diabate Dohouonan, Golly Koffi Julien , Ahon Gnamien Marcel , and Tano Yao, from the different institute of the Côte d’Ivoire. wrote a research article about, Bioefficacy of Neem and Jatropha Seed Extracts on Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella). Entitled, Bioefficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Jatropha curcas L. seeds aqueous extracts on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract 

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an important pest of cruciferous crops in Côte d’Ivoire. It is a destructive pest of cabbage and it is developed resistance to many conventional insecticides. This study was carried out to evaluate the repellency and antifeedant effects of Azadirachta indica and Jatropha curcas seeds aqueous extracts on Plutella xylostella larvae and compared to two insecticides (Decis12 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC®) used by farmers under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations of Azadirachta indica seed powders (10.3, 25.9 and 41.5g) and of Jatropha curcas seed powders (14.7, 36.9 and 59.1g/L) and one concentration of the insecticides Decis 12EC® (0.042g/L) and Cypercal 50 EC® (0.13g/L) were separately applied on 20 larvae of Plutella xylostella for the antifeedent tests. For the repellent effect tests, 20 larvae of Plutella xylostella were placed on the middle of Whatman paper which half were uniformly applied with each insecticide or biopesticides. Three replicates were performed for each concentration of the treatments. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica 25.9 and 41.5g/L and of Jatropha curcas 59.1g/L seeds powders have higher antifeedant and repellency effects on Plutella xylostella larvae than the insecticides Decis 12 EC® and Cypercal 50 EC® in 72 hours. Antifeedant and repellent effects of these botanical extracts were increased with seeds extracts concentrations. Thus, the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica seed powders 25.9 and 41.5g/L and of Jatropha curcas 59.1g/L can be used to protect efficiency cabbage crops against Plutella xylostella and the environment.

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Introduction

The cabbage-moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a major pest of cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica in tropical and subtropical area (Seenivasagan and Paul, 2011; Diabaté et al., 2014). These insect pests are responsible for abundant crop losses and have reduced nutritional and low market values of cabbage (Cartea et al., 2009; Kirsch and Schmutterer, 2009). The larvae feed on the foliage of cruciferous plants and it cause an estimate 90% loss of production despite pesticides application (Cartea et al., 2009; Kirsch and Schmutterer, 2009; Diabaté et al., 2020).

In Côte d’Ivoire, farmers use chemical insecticides for the control of P. xylostella. Indeed, recommended application rates are not respected and only 27% of pesticides used by farmers are registered (Doumbia and Kwadjo, 2009). This intensive use of chemical pesticides has led to the development of resistance of P. xylostella to a wide range of insecticides (Zhao et al., 2006; Sayyed and Wright, 2006; Pu et al., 2010). However, that are hampered by many attendant problems such as toxicity to humans that consume the product, development of P. xylostella resistant strains to pesticides and the cost of procurement (Kirsch and Schmutterer, 2009; Nehare et al., 2010; Shen et al., 2010).

P. xylostella larvae develop physiological, biochemical, or anatomical mechanisms that allow them to reduce the effects of products applied to crops (Dugravot 2004; Zhao et al., 2006; Agboyi et al., 2016; Xue, 2018). These chemical pesticides used by farmers are persistent and accumulate in water, soil, air and in food (Baglieri et al., 2011; Horváth et al., 2013). Traoré et al. (2008) showed that the presence of the pesticide organochlorine in fish and in cow's milk in several regions of Côte d’Ivoire where cabbage cultivation where established. In addition, severe damage is caused to the natural enemies of this pest by the chemical insecticides (Shi et al., 2004). Their toxic effects reduce the activity of essential fauna for soil fertility (Baglieri et al., 2011; Horváth et al., 2013). Thus, the control of P. xylostella constitutes an ecological, environmental and health threat. The use of more natural methods that can offer compatible control efficiency plus the benefit to the environment is most favoured. The objective of this work was to evaluate the repellency and antifeedant effects of aqueous extracts of Jatropha and neem grain powders on P. xylostella larvae (L2) per contact in view of their large scale applicability.

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Source : Bioefficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Jatropha curcas L. seeds aqueous extracts on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)