Unraveling Maize Diseases: Insights into Major Leaf Blights and Damping-Off | InformativeBD

Md. Moshiur Rahman Akonda, Monira Yasmin, and Ismail Hossain, from the different institute of Bangladesh. wrote a Reseach Article about, Unraveling Maize Diseases: Insights into Major Leaf Blights and Damping-Off. Entitled, Study on etiology, incidence and severity of Southern corn leaf blight, curvularia leaf spot, sheath blight and damping off of maize. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher. 

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the incidence and severity of different fungal diseases of maize occurred in the major maize growing regions (Bogra, Gaibandha, Mymensingh and Rangpur) of Bangladesh during January 2007 to March 2008. Incidence and severity of the diseases viz. southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis), curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia lunata), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and damping off of seedlings (Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp.) were recorded from a hybrid variety Pacific-984 and a high yielding variety Khai Vutta at seedling stage (30 DAS-Days After Sowing), vegetative growth stage (60 DAS) and silking stage (90 DAS) of the plant. The etiology of the diseases was also studied. Considering all growth stages of plant, the comparative analysis revealed that incidence and severity of the diseases varied from one district to another, but almost minimum levels of infection were observed in Rangpur followed by Bogra, Gaibandha and Mymensingh. The results also depicted that southern corn leaf blight and curvularia leaf spot were found at all the growth stages of plants, sheath blight was found at vegetative stage and silking stage, where as damping off symptoms were recorded only at seedling stage of maize plants. As the pathogens have negative influence on plant health as well as yield so, special attention should be given by the growers to minimize the fungal infections by promoting good agricultural practices in the maize growing districts of the country.

Read more : Winged Residents of theMangroves: Understanding Avifauna Diversity in Misamis Oriental | InformativeBD

Introduction

Maize (zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and ranks third next to wheat and rice (Aldrich et al., 1975). In Bangladesh, it has a good potential as a cereal crop due to its low cost of production, wide adaptability and diversified use. There has been continuous increase in the consumption of corn mainly owning to increase in the demand from meat and starch sector. There is growing requirement of maize from poultry sector where it is being used as feed. It is also fractionated by either dry or wet milling into food and industrial ingredients. Starch, the major constituent of the corn kernel, is used in its native form or after chemical or enzymatic modification, in foods and industrial products. Starch is also converted into glucose or fructose for use as food sweetener. Glucose can be fermented into ethanol for beverages or into many other chemicals. Recently, it has been discovered that corn can also be used in the production of biofuel (Deepavali and Nilima, 2013). However, maize kernels have high nutritive value containing 66.2% starch, 11.1% protein, 7.1% oil and 1.5% minerals. Besides, it contains 90mg carotene, 1.8mg niacin, 0.8mg thiamin and 0.1mg riboflavin per 100g grains (Chowdhury and Islam, 1993).

The average yield of corn in the world is 4.31 ton/ha (FAO, 1999). In Bangladesh corn was cultivated in 66,801 ha of land and production was 35,600 ton having the average yield 5.33 ton /ha during the year 2005 (BBS, 2006). Recently, government of Bangladesh has given special emphasis on its extensive cultivation, especially in the char areas where the land remains almost fallow during the winter.

Many factors such as environmental conditions, yield potential, soil fertility, genetics of particular hybrids, and the synergistic action of different diseases and insects all impact yield loss and cannot be evaluated with any precision, especially over a large geographic area (White, 1999). As many as 112 diseases are known to occur on corn in the corn growing countries.

Of all the diseases, more than 70s are seed borne (USDA, 1960). Among the diseases, southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis), curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia lunata), stalk rot (Zibberella zeae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), damping off of seedlings (Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp.), bacterial leaf blight (Pseudomonas avenae), bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Zeae) and maize dwarf mosaic of maize are common in Bangladesh. Seasonal yield loss is significantly correlated with disease incidence and severity of maize (Zhang et al., 1999). Though it is a food crop of economic significance so, by knowing the causes of disease and damaging effects of a disease at particular growth stage of plant will provide basic information to the growers to initiate appropriate management strategies on time to minimize the yield loss. In view of above-mentioned facts, the present research has been undertaken to study the etiology of the diseases and to record the incidence and severity of maize diseases at specific growth stages of plants in the existing maize fields of the farmer.

Reference

Aldrich SR, Scott WO, Leng ER. 1975. Modern corn production. 2nd edition, United States of America pp. 1-5.

Atac. 1984. Survey of fungus disease of second crop maize in the Mediterranean region. Bitki Koruma Bulteni 24(3), 137-147.

BBS. 2006. Monthly Statistical Bulletin. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Govt. of Bangladesh 54.

Brekalo J, Palaversic JB, Rojic M. 1991. Monitoring the occurrence and severity of maize disease in Croatia from 1985 to 1989. Zastita Bilja 42 (1) 51-60.

Chowdhury MK, Isalm MA. 1993. Production and uses of maize (in Bengali). Published by On-Farm Res. Div. Bangladesh Agril. Res. Inst., Joydebpur, Gazipur 1-189.

Deepavali S, Nilima WK. 2013. Incidence of Seedborne Mycoflora on Maize and its Effect on Seed Germination, Int. J. Current Research 5(12), 4151-4155.

Egein MI, Arinze AE. 2001. A new fusarial disease of maize in Nigeria. Whurr Publishers, London, UK. Tropical Science 41(3), 133-136.

Esteves A. 1984. Incidence of diseases under field conditions on maize (Zea mays) cultivars in Dourados. Fitopatologia Brasileira 9(1), 155-160.

FAO. 1999. Production Year Book. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome 53, 70-79.

Harlapur SI, Mruthunjaya CW, Anahosur KH, Muralikrishna S. 2000. A report survey and surveillance of maize diseases in north Karnataka. All India Co-ordinated Maize Improvement project, Agricultural Research Station, Arabhavi-591318, India. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13(3), 75.

Kar AK. 2006. Assessment of losses due to maydis leaf blight disease of maize in Orissa. Bhubaneswar, India. Society for Plant Protection and Environment. Journal of Plant Protection and Environment 3(2), 120-121.

Tang CR, Jie C, Shan JM, Dao ZQ, Gang S. 2000. The etiology of corn sheath blight in Liaoning Province. Chinese Society for Plant Pathology, Beijing, China. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 30(4), 319-326.

USDA. 1960. Index of Plant Disease in the United States. Agricultural Hand Book. No 165, 531.

White DG. 1999. Compendium of Corn Diseases. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society. 3 rd edition 1-54.

Zhang DF, He-Pei X, Xiu WY, Ting MJ. 1999. Damage and control index of maize leaf spot (Curvularia lunata). Henan Vocation-Technical Normal College, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China. Plant protection 25(4), 12-15.

Article source : Study on etiology,incidence and severity of Southern corn leaf blight, curvularia leaf spot,sheath blight and damping off of maize 

Read More

Winged Residents of the Mangroves: Understanding Avifauna Diversity in Misamis Oriental | InformativeBD

Joly Bee A. Olila, and Richel E. Relox, from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Reseach Article about, Woody Allies: How Chagga Home Gardens Sustain Insect Pollinators in Northern Tanzania. Entitled, Factors affecting avifauna diversity in selected mangrove areas of Misamis Oriental, Philippines: Basis for conservation and management. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher. 

Abstract

Ecological and anthropogenic factors may influence the distribution and diversity of birds. This study assessed the avifauna and mangrove species composition, abundance, and diversity as well as the socio-economic and institutional conditions in three coastal ecosystems of Molugan, El Salvador City; Baybay, Alubijid and Tubajon, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental. Point count and mist-netting methods were used to survey birds, quadrat method to survey mangroves, household survey to 212 respondents and Geographic Information System (GIS) in mapping birds, mangroves and human activities. Results showed a total of nine (9) Orders, 19 Families, 22 species and 1,168 individuals were documented in three selected areas. Baybay had the highest diversity index (2.46), followed by Molugan (1.96) and Tubajon got the lowest (1.70). As for the mangroves, five (5) species were recorded namely: Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Avicennia rumphiana and Rhizophora apiculata. However, continuing threats such as growing human population, land-use changes and weak management in the coastal ecosystems led to its unsustainability. Thus, the diversity of birds is highly dependent on the mangrove species and zonation and human activities in the coastal areas. Hence, regular monitoring of programs and policies by stakeholders to ensure sustainability and conservation of birds and mangroves species is recommended.

Read more : Woody Allies: How Chagga Home Gardens Sustain Insect Pollinators in Northern Tanzania IInformativeBD

Introduction

The Philippine archipelago which is composed of 7,100 distinct islands (Ambal et al., 2012) is recognized as one of the 17 mega diverse countries which contain two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and about 70-80% of the world’s flora and fauna species. Avifauna refers to a group of birds that are found almost everywhere on the planet which shows great diversity by their habitat and geographical conditions (Tandan et al., 2015). Birds are valuable indicators of global patterns in biodiversity conservation (Mallari et al., 2011). Avifauna provides several ecological functions such as pest control, pollination, seed dispersal, and plant reproduction in thousands of economically and culturally important plant species through its consumption of several terrestrial, marine, and aerial resources (Whelan et al., 2015). The bird population is a sign of environmental changes as they respond fast to threats and changing environmental conditions (Mallari et al., 2011). However, few are aware of the importance of birds and are greatly affected by human development which leads to the loss of its species. Mangroves belong to a higher group of plants which may exist as trees, shrub, palm, herb, or fern (Primavera et al., 2004). It is a habitat of different avifauna species where they can hatch their eggs (Duke et al., 2007). Mangrove is the one that lessens the impact of tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclonic storms on human lives, properties and helps to prevents flooding and it is the one who catches the waste generated by humans (Danielsen et al., 2005). The mangrove habitat loss caused by deforestation, urbanization, salt production, conversion into paddy fields and aquaculture ponds, over-harvesting of timber and fuel wood, pollution, dumping of domestic sewage and crude oil exploration (Giri, 2011), and degradation has posed major threats to a wide array of fauna bringing them among the ranks of endangered and extinct species (Sandilyan et al., 2010). Thus, there is an urgent demand to examine the avifauna diversity inhabiting mangrove habitats to know the impact of disturbance for future conservation and management.

Reference

Abino AC, Castillo JAA, Lee YJ. 2014. Assessment of Species Diversity, Biomass and Carbon Sequestration Potential of a Natural Mangrove stand in Samar, the Philippines. Forest Science and Technology 10, 1.

Alemayehu F, Onwonga R, Kinyanjui M, Wasonga JO. 2014. Assessment of Mangrove Covers Change and Biomass in Mida Creek, Kenya. Open Journal of Forestry 4, 398-413.

Alviola GL, Del Rosario BI, Otadoy JB, Ibanez JC. 2010. Birds of Malagos Watershed, Southeastern Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 1(1).

Alviola GL, Mohagan A. 2017. Assessment of Bird Species in Central Mindanao University, Bukidnon, Philippines. Journal of Biology and Life Science Vol 8, No. 2. 2157-6076.

Ambal RGR, Duya MV, Cruz MA, Coroza OG, Vergara SG, de Silva N, Molinyawe N, Tabaranza B. 2012. Key Biodiversity Areas in the Philippines: Priorities for Conservation. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(8), 2788-2796.

Ascaño II CP, Albutra QB, Ansigbat VV, Mugot DA, Demayo CG. 2016. Avifauna Assessment in and around the Hydraulic Mining Area of Brgy. Tumpagon, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. Journal of Scientific Research and Development 3(4), 83-90.

Branch FM, May J, Roberts B, Russell E, Clark BM. 2002. “Case studies on the socio-economic characteristics and lifestyles of subsistence and informal fishers in South Africa,” South African Journal of Marine Science 24, 439-462.

Cailing CAG, Caban JLS, Cultura, RKM, Relox RE. 2018. Relationship of Avifauna and Mangroves in Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 13(1), 216-222.

Calimpong DMT, Nuñeza OM. 2015. Avifaunal diversity of Bega Watershed, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6(4), 385-400.

Danielsen F, Sørensen MK, Olwig MF, Selvam V, Parish F, Burgess ND, Hiraishi T, Karunagaran VM, Rasmussen MS, Hansen LB, Quarto A, Suryadiputra N. 2005.      The Asian Tsunami: A Protective Role for Coastal Vegetation. Science 310(5748), 643.

Duke NC, Meynecke JO, Dittmann S, Ellison AM, Anger K, Berger U, Cannicci S, Diele K, Ewel KC, Field CD, Koedam N, Lee SY, Marchand C, Nordhaus I, Dahdouh-Guebas F. 2007. A World without Mangroves. Science 317, 41-42.

Ellison AM. 2015. Managing mangroves with benthic biodiversity in mind: moving beyond roving banditry. Journal Sea Research 59, 215.

Giliba RA, Boon EK, Kayombo CJ, Chirenje CI, Musamba EB. 2011. “The influence of socio-economic factors on deforestation: a case study of the bereku forest reserve in Tanzania,” Journal of Biodiversity, vol 2, pp. 31-39.

Giri C. 2011. Status and Distribution of Mangrove Forests of the World using Earth Observation Satellite Data. Global Ecology Biogeography 20, 154-159.

Harrison T. 1976. The food of Aerodramus mearnsi (Aves, Apodidae) at Niah Great Cave, in Borneo. F. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 71, 376-393.

Honda K, Nakamura Y, Nakaoka M, Uy WH, Fortes MD. 2013. Habitat Use by Fishes in Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangrove Habitats in the Philippines. PLoS ONE 8(8).

Jin H, Wang Z, Ran S, Yun C. 2003. “Study on coastal resource evaluation theories and methods,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuaries and Coasts pp. 9-11.

Kennedy RS, Gonzales PC, Dickinson EC, Miranda HC, Fisher TH. 2000. A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.

Malavashi R, Battisti C, Carpaneto GM. 2009. Seasonal Bird assemblages in a Mediterranean patchy wetland: corroborating the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Polish Journal of Ecology 57(1), 171-179.

Mallari NA, Collar N, Lee DC,mcGowan PJK, Wilkinson R, Marsden SJ. 2011. Population Densities of Understorey Birds Across a Habitat Gradient in Palawan, Philippines: Implications for Conservation. Oryx 45, 234-242.

Mariano HG, Dagoc FLS, Espra AS, Ruben F, Amparado RF. 2019. Mangrove diversity, taxonomic classification, and morphological characteristics of natural and reforested mangrove forests in selected municipalities of Zamboanga Del Sur, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), Vol 15, No. 4, p. 86-99.

Mengesha G, Bekele A. 2008. Diversity and relative abundance of birds of Alatish National Park International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science 34, 215-222.

Mohagan AB, Nuñeza OM, Gracia AG, Selpa ECT, Escarlos JA, Baguhin LJB, Coritico FP, Amoroso VB. 2015. Species Richness of Avifauna in Four Long Term Ecological Research Sites in Mindanao, Philippines. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences.

Mtwana L. 2012. Nordlund, People and the Intertidal: Human Induced Changes, Biodiversity Loss, Livelihood Implications and Management in the Western Indian Ocean.

Nordlund LM, Unsworth RKF, Gullström M, Cullen-Unsworth LC. 2018. “Global significance of seagrass fishery activity,” Fish and Fisheries, vol     19, no. 3, pp. 399-412.

Pototan BL, Capin NC, Tinoy MRM, Novero AU. 2017. Diversity of Mangrove Species in three Municipalities of Davao del Norte, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation – Bioflux Society 10(6).

Primavera JH, Sadaba RS, Lebata NJHL, Altamirano JP. 2004. Handbook of Mangroves in the Philippines–Panay. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines 106pp.

Relox RE, Leano EP, Camino FA. 2011. Avifaunal Assemblage in Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 14(1), 1-11.

Sandilyan S, Thiyagesan K, Nagarajan RM. 2010. Decline in species-richness of waterbirds in the Pichavaram mangrove wetlands, southern India. Wader Study Group Bull 117, 91-98.

Sarmin NS, Mohd Hasmadi I, Pakhriazad HZ, Khairil WA, Monjurur R, Khalid I. 2018. Community Perception on Mangrove Change Issue in Southwest Johor, Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7(37), 171-173.

Shackleton SC, Delang O, Angelsen A. 2011. “From subsistence to safety      nets and cash income: exploring the diverse values of non-timber forest products for livelihoods and poverty alleviation,”in Non-Timber Forest Products in the Global Context pp. 55-81, Springer.

Tagupa VMF, Besoro ET, Bacas TDL, Labiao RJG, Sinco AL, Raagas EL. 2017. Avifaunal Assemblage in Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 11(5), 169-178.

Tandan HN, Maheshwari R, Tandan S. 2015. Avifaunal diversity of Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Campus, Raipur (Chhattisgarh). IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 1(6), 41-44.

Welsh DA.1987. The influence of forest harvesting on mixed coniferous-deciduous boreal bird communities in Ontario 8, 247-252.

Whelan CJ, Sekercioglu CH, Wenny DG. 2015. Why Bird Matter from Economic Ornithology to Ecosystem Services? Journal Ornithology 156, 227-238.

Article source : Factors affecting avifauna diversity in selected mangrove areas of Misamis Oriental, Philippines:Basis for conservation and management

 

Read More

Woody Allies: How Chagga Home Gardens Sustain Insect Pollinators in Northern Tanzania I InformativeBD

Nanyika Kingazi RPC. Temu, Agnes Sirima, and  Mattias Jonsson, from the different institute of Tanzania. wrote a Reseach Article about, Woody Allies: How Chagga Home Gardens Sustain Insect Pollinators in Northern Tanzania. Entitled, Woody plants supporting insect pollinators in Chagga home Gardens, Northern Tanzania. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract 

Insects play a great role in the pollination of flowers in many agricultural systems, and they rely on floral resources for their survival. However, a significant decline and extinction of these crucial insects have been witnessed globally as a result of fragmentation and/or loss of their habitat such as floral resources using data from the Chagga home garden (CHGs), we aimed at (1) examining the composition and species richness of pollinator forage plants in the CHGs, (2) determining how elevation affects the diversity of pollinator forage species in CHG, (3) determining the temporal availability of pollinator forage plants in the CHGs, (4) determining the pollinator groups foraging on the plants in the CHGs, (5) determining the type of floral rewards for the insect pollinators in CHGs. It was observed that: (1)of the 302 wood species in the CHGs, 293 (97%) from 62 families were pollinator forage of which 170 species (58.02%) were trees while 123 species (41.98%) were shrubs; (2) pollinator forage species diversity decreased with increase in elevation gradient; (3) Flowering of the pollinator forage plants was spread throughout the year; (4) Bees were the most dominant group of plant visitors, visiting about 93% of the plants; (5) the majority of plants provided both pollen and nectar to insect pollinators. The results from this study suggest that traditional agroforestry systems such as Chagga home gardens can contribute to increasing the spatial and temporal availability of diverse floral resources for insect pollinators.

Read more : Healing from theIslands: Hypoglycemic Power of Cagayan’s Endemic Flora | InformativeBD

Introduction

The importance of pollinators' protection is underscored by the fact that they are essential for pollination of the majority of the world's wild flowering plants (Ollerton et al., 2011) and 75% of crop species (Klein et al., 2007). With regard to crop pollination, understanding factors influencing pollinator populations in farmlands is critical in designing conservation strategies that ensure their longtime survival in agricultural landscapes (Timberlake & Vaughan, 2019).

Insect pollinators are the main pollinator group in agricultural areas and their population is affected by several factors including the availability of floral resources (nectar and pollen) and nesting sites in farmlands (Fowler et al., 2016). One way to ensure the availability of floral and nesting resources for insect pollinators in agricultural areas is by integrating trees and shrubs in farmlands (Bentrup et al., 2019; Centeno-Alvarado et al., 2023). The trees and shrubs in farmlands provide nesting sites and ensure floral resources availability for insect pollinators even when crops are not in bloom (Lowe et al., 2021). However, this depends on whether the integrated trees and shrubs species are suitable for insect pollinators such as supplying food resources in terms of pollen, nectar, or both as well as nest sites.

The Chagga home gardens in Tanzania are one of the agricultural land use systems whereby farmers integrate trees and shrubs with crops and livestock in the same unit of land (Mbeyale &mcharo, 2022). The trees and shrubs in Chagga home gardens are either retained or planted for different purposes such as providing shade to the crops, especially bananas and coffee, fodder, live fences, and fruits (Soini, 2005). According to Hemp (2005), the Chagga home gardens maintain a high diversity of plants with over 500 plant species (including wood and herbaceous plants). However, despite of the high floral diversity of Chagga home gardens, there is little information concerning their potential in supplying floral and nesting resources to insect pollinators. Previous studies such as Arnold et al. (2021), Sawe et al.

(2020), and Elisante et al. (2019) focused on assessing the pollination service of insect pollinator communities in the Chagga home garden and not their ecological habitat (floral resources and nesting sites).

The diversity of pollinator forage plants in the landscape reflects the continuous supply of floral resources from different plant species and hence encourages the insect pollinators to remain on site (Mensah et al., 2017a). This is because trees and shrub species differ in flowering time and duration hence due to their intermittently flowering, they provide floral resources for insect visitors throughout the year (Torne-́Noguera et al., 2014). Also, floral availability to insect pollinators in the landscape depends on the flowering time and spatial distribution of pollinator forage plants in the landscapes. In the Chagga home garden, farmers play a great role in determining the species composition in their garden since they plant or retain species based on their preferences and needs (Fernandes et al., 1985). However environmental factors such as elevation affects the composition of plant species in the landscape (Malizia et al., 2020).

This paper aimed at quantifying the availability of forage resources to insect pollinators in CHGs. A survey was carried out in CHGs to: (1) examine the composition and species richness of pollinator forage plants; (2) determine how elevation affects the diversity of pollinator forage species in CHG; (3) determine the temporal availability of pollinator forage plants in CHG, (4) determine the pollinator groups foraging on the pollinator forage species in CHGs (5) determine the type of floral rewards among insect pollinators forage species in CHGs. The results from this study are a crucial part of formulating efficiency policies, plans, and strategies to manage and conserve insect pollinators in agricultural landscapes in Tanzania.

Reference

Appelhans T, Mwangomo E, Otte I, Detsch F, Nauss T, Hemp A. 2016. Eco-meteorological characteristics of the southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. International Journal of Climatology 36(9), 3245-3258. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4552

Arnold SEJ, Elisante F, Mkenda PA, Tembo YLB, Ndakidemi PA, Gurr GM, Darbyshire IA, Belmain SR, Stevenson PC. 2021. Beneficial insects are associated with botanically rich margins with trees on small farms. Scientific Reports 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94536-3

Bentrup G, Hopwood J, Adamson NL, Vaughan M. 2019. Temperate Agroforestry Systems and Insect Pollinators : A Review. Forests 10, 1-12.

Blüthgen N, Klein AM. 2011. Functional complementarity and specialisation: The role of biodiversity in plant-pollinator interactions. Basic and Applied Ecology 12(4), 282-291.

Brokaw J. 2013. Pollinator Habitat Availability and Diversity in Various Tropical Agroforestry Management Systems of Coffea arabica in Santa Clara, Chiriqui 1-27.

Centeno-Alvarado D, Ariadna Valentina L, Xavier A. 2023. Fostering pollination through agroforestry : A global review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 351, 108478.

Di Pasquale G, Salignon M, Le Conte Y, Belzunces LP, Decourtye A, Kretzschmar A, Suchail S, Brunet JL, Alaux C. 2013. Influence of Pollen Nutrition on Honey Bee Health: Do Pollen Quality and Diversity Matter. PLoS ONE 8(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072016

Elisante F, Ndakidemi PA, Arnold SEJ, Belmain SR, Gurr GM, Darbyshire I, Xie G, Tumbo J, Stevenson PC. 2019. Enhancing knowledge among smallholders on pollinators and supporting field margins for sustainable food security. Journal of Rural Studies, 70, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.07.004

Fernandes ECM, Oktingati A, Maghembe J. 1985. The Chagga homegardens: A multistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania). Agroforestry Systems 2(2), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00131267

Fowler RE, Rotheray EL, Goulson D. 2016. Floral abundance and resource quality influence pollinator choice 481-494.

Grundel R, Jean RP, Frohnapple KJ, Glowacki GA, Scott PE, Pavlovic NB. 2010. Floral and nesting resources, habitat structure and fire influence bee distribution across an open-forest gradient. Ecological Applications 20(6), 1678-1692.

Hemp A. 2005. The Banana Forests of Kilimanjaro : Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chagga Homegardens. Biodiversity and Conservation 15(2006), 1193-1217. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5208-8

Hülsmann M, von Wehrden H, Klein AM, Leonhardt SD. 2015. Plant diversity and composition compensate for negative effects of urbanization on foraging bumble bees. Apidologie 46(6), 760-770.

Klein AM, Vaissière BE, Cane JH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke T. 2007. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 274(1608), 303-313.

Lowe EB, Groves R, Gratton C. 2021. Impacts of field-edge flower plantings on pollinator conservation and ecosystem service delivery- A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 310, 107290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107290

Malizia A, Blundo C, Carilla J, Acosta OO, Cuesta F, Duque A, Aguirre N, Aguirre Z, Ataroff M, Baez S, Calderón-Loor M, Cayola L, Cayuela L, Ceballos S, Cedillo H, Ríos WF, Feeley KJ, Fuentes AF, Gámez Álvarez LE, Young KR. 2020. Elevation and latitude drives structure and tree species composition in Andean forests: Results from a large-scale plot network. PLoS ONE 15(4), 1-18.

Mbeyale GE, mcharo N. 2022. Institutional and land use dynamics of Chagga homegardens in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation 91(1), 101-119.

Mensah S, Veldtman R, Seifert T. 2017a. Potential supply of floral resources to managed honey bees in natural mistbelt forests. Journal of Environmental Management 189, 160-167.

Mensah S, Veldtman R, Seifert T. 2017b. Potential supply of floral resources to managed honey bees in natural mistbelt forests. Journal of Environmental Management 189, 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.033

Ollerton J. 2017. Pollinator Diversity: Distribution, Ecological Function, and Conservation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 48, 353-376. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022919

Ollerton J, Winfree R, Tarrant S. 2011. How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals. Oikos 120(3), 321-326.

Onyango P, Nyunja R, Sikolia SF, Opande G. 2019. Seasonal Availability and Floral Calendar of Apis mellifera Nectar and Pollen forage in Eastern Mau 7(1), 88-97.

Patel V, Pauli N, Biggs E, Barbour L, Boruff B. 2021. Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development. Ambio 50(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01333-9

Plascencia M, Philpott SM. 2017. Floral abundance, richness, and spatial distribution drive urban garden bee communities. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00074853170

Potts SG, Vulliamy B, Roberts S. 2005. Role of nesting resources in organising diverse bee communities in a Mediterranean landscape. Ecological Entomology  30, 78-85.

Røhr PC, Killingtveit Å. 2003. Rainfall distribution on the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro. Hydrological Sciences Journal 48(1), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.48.1.65.43483

Rollin O, Bretagnolle V, Decourtye A, Aptel J, Michel N, Vaissière BE, Henry M. 2013. Differences of floral resource use between honey bees and wild bees in an intensive farming system. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 179(2013), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.007

Sawe T, Eldegard K, Totland Ø, Macrice S, Nielsen A. 2020. Enhancing pollination is more effective than increased conventional agriculture inputs for improving watermelon yields. Ecology and Evolution 10(12), 5343-5353. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6278

Soini E. 2005. Changing livelihoods on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: Challenges and opportunities in the Chagga homegarden system. Agroforestry Systems 64, 157-167.

Taki H, Yamaura Y, Okabe K, Maeto K. 2011. Plantation vs. natural forest: Matrix quality determines pollinator abundance in crop fields. Scientific Reports 1, 1–4.

Timberlake TP, Vaughan IP. 2019. Phenology of farmland floral resources reveals seasonal gaps in nectar availability for bumblebees. Journal of Applied Ecology 56, 1585-1596. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365

Torne-́Noguera A, Rodrigo A, Arnan X, Osorio S, Barril-Graells H, Da Rocha-Filho LC, Bosch J. 2014. Determinants of spatial distribution in a bee community: Nesting resources, flower resources and body size. PLoS ONE 9(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097255

Waykar B, Baviskar RK. 2015. Diversity of bee foraging flora and floral calendar of Paithan taluka of Aurangabad District (Maharashtra), India. Journal of Applied Horticulture 17(2), 155-159. https://doi. org/10.37855/jah.2015.v17i02.29

Article source : Woody plants supportinginsect pollinators in Chagga home Gardens, Northern Tanzania 

Read More

Healing from the Islands: Hypoglycemic Power of Cagayan’s Endemic Flora | InformativeBD

Jane R. Sambrana, and Andy L. Catulin, from the different institute of Philippines. wrote a Reseach Article about, Healing from the Islands: Hypoglycemic Power of Cagayan’s Endemic Flora. Entitled, Three Cagayan Island endemic flora: Its phytochemicals and hypoglycemic effect on alloxan induced Sprague Dawley Rat. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences |JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Cagayan province is blessed with vast flora with presence of many island species that are endemic. Currently, different botanicals have been formulated as pharmaceutical agents to developed new products essential for human wellbeing. This study generally aimed to determine the secondary metabolites present in the three island endemic plant species in Cagayan namely; Igem dagat (Podocarpus costalis C. Presl), Balingagta (Drypetes falcata Pax & K. Hoffm.) and Babuyan lunas (Lunasia babuyanica Merr.) and to determine their hypoglycemic effect on Sprague Dawley Rats. Ethanolic leave extract of the three endemic plant species were used and tested for its phytochemicals. Complete randomized design (CRD) was used for the hypoglycemic potential with three replications for each species and Alloxan was used to induce hyperglycemia in the rats. The results reveals that P. costalis, D. falcata and L. babuyanica contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and tripertenes. Likewise, L. babuyanica and D. falcata were also positive with saponin and phytosterols. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the initial glucose level, after Alloxan induced and after treatment of plant extracts did not show significant difference across treatment means. Among the treatments, T3 (L. babuyanica ethanolic leave extract) significantly reduced the Alloxan induced hyperglycemia in Spraue Dawley Rats. Glucose level were reduced with the administration of the other treatments but not significant to reject the null hypothesis. All the plant extracts have hypoglycemic effect however, T3 (L. babuyanica ethanolic leave extract) is more effective.

Introduction

Situated within the Cagayan Valley region, the province is bounded by the Philippine Sea on the east; on the south by Isabela province; on the west by the Cordillera Mountains; and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Group of Islands. About 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the northeastern tip of the province is the island of Palaui; a few kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and Babuyan Claro, is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland. This island comprises a unique flora that most of the islanders used them in their traditional healing practices. Three of these plants are endemic in the island town of Calayan. The three island endemic plant species in Cagayan namely; Igem dagat (Podocarpus costalis C. Presl), Balingagta (Drypetes falcata Pax & K. Hoffm.) and Babuyan lunas (Lunasia babuyanica Merr.).

Plants are richest source of bioactive secondary metabolites in a most effective way and with specific selectivity. From the start of human being development men were using different medicinal plants as traditional medicines for their health care. Plants have the ability to produce several valuable classes of chemical constituents which showed interesting biological action.

Plants are recognized in the pharmaceutical industry for their broad structural diversity as well as their wide range of pharmacological activities. The biologically active compounds present in plants are called phytochemicals. These phytochemicals are derived from its various parts of plants such as leaves, flowers, seeds, barks, roots and pulps. These phytochemicals are used as sources of direct medicinal agents. They serve as a raw material base for elaboration of more complex semi-synthetic chemical compounds. Due to these active compounds that are present in plants many diseases have been treated, like hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia is associated with high blood glucose level. Severely elevated glucose levels can farther result in a medicinal emergency like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic (HHNS) also referred to as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state). The main symptoms of hyperglycemia are increased thirst and a frequent need to urinate.

Objectives of the Study This study aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and hypoglycemic effect of the three Cagayan Island endemic plant ethanolic extract on Sprague Dawley Rats (Mus musculus).

Specifically, this study sought to determine the following:

 1. The phytochemical constituents present on the three Cagayan island endemic plant ethanolic extract namely: Igem dagat (Podocarpus costalis C. Presl), Balingagta (Drypetes falcata Pax & K. Hoffm.) and Babuyan lunas (Lunasia babuyanica Merr.);

2. The percent decrease of the blood glucose level of Sprague Dawley Rats after fasting and after administration of the different treatments; and

3. The treatment with the highest lowering effect on the blood glucose level of the experimental rat

Reference

Boon NA, Colledge NR, Walker BR. 2006. Diabetes mellitus. In vidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine (ed. Hunter, J.A.A.), Elsevier, Edinburg, pp 805-847. Boyle J.P., Honeycutt A.A., Narayan K.M., www.academia.edu/Diabetes_mellitus_The_P

Carlson, Elizabeth A. 1998. Prospective Longitudinal Study of Attachment Disorganization/ Disorientation Child Development 69(4), pages 1107-1128.

Dhasarathan P, Theriappan P. 2011. Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Strychonous potatorum in alloxan induced diabetic rats- J Med Med Sci.

Krishnaraju V, Manimekalai P, Davidraj C. 2010. “Effect of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of Nelumbo nucifera (G) on STZ induced Diabetic Rats.” International Journal of Pharma World Research June-Sept.

Lancion Jr, Conrado M, de Guzman, Rey (cartography). 1995. “The Provinces”. Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces (The 2000 Millenium ed.). Makati, Metro Manila: Tahanan Books pp. 48, 49, 84, 118. ISBN 971-630-037-9.

Rajalakshmi M, Cecilia Edel Priya, Nirmala A, Daisy P. 2009. Anti-diabetic properties of Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts on streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Academic Journal Organization. 28 Apr.

Trivedi NA, Mazumder B, Bhatt JD, Hemavathi KG. 2004. Effect of Shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J. Pharmacol 36, 373-376.

WHO. 1991. World Health Organization Department of Noncommunicable Disease Serveillance.

World Health Organization IDF. 2004. Diabetes Action Now: An initiative of WHO and IDF.

Yadav Manish, Khalid Kafeel Khan, Beg MZ. 2012. Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Diabetes by the Baiga Tribe Living in Rewa District m.p. Indian Journal Science 2(1), 99-102, http://www.ijls.in/upload/897053355PAPER_19.

Article source : Three Cagayan Island endemic flora: Its phytochemicals and hypoglycemic effect on alloxan inducedSprague Dawley Rat 

Read More

Understanding Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Pregnant Women: Insights from a Hospital Study | InformativeBD

Pooja C., Mita D. Wadekar, Jayashree S., and Sathish JV. from the different institute of India. wrote a Reseach Article about, Understanding Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Pregnant Women: Insights from a Hospital Study. Entitle, Status of prevalence of hepatitis-B in pregnant women: A hospital based study. This research paper published by the International journal of Microbiology and Mycology | IJMM. an open access scholarly research journal on Mycology. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher. 

Abstract 

India has more than 37 million of HBV carriers and contributes a large proportion of the global burden. The perinatal route is the most important route of the transmission. This study was done to estimate the seroprevalence rate of HBV infection in female of reproductive age group. Since sexual and perinatal route transmission are major targets to prevent the infection, the study focused on pregnant females attending antenatal care (ANC) clinic of the hospital. This was a retrospective observational study to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Pregnant Women. Two and a half years retrospective study was performed from June 2019 to December 2021. The blood sample was collected as a part of routine screening for HBV infection and the samples were tested for HBsAg. Of the total 1353 antenatal women, 11 (0.81%) were positive for HBsAg in 2019. In the year 2020, of the total 4186 antenatal women, 43 (1.02%) were positive for HBsAg. In the year 2021, of the total 3903 antenatal women, 21 (0.53%) were positive for HBsAg. It is important to screen all the antenatal women for HBsAg to prevent maternal complications and, its transmission to the child and to manage appropriately.

 

Introduction

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem (Dortey et al., 2020; Abdi et al., 2015). HBV, a DNA virus transmitted percutaneously, sexually and perinatally (ElMagrahe et al., 2010). Despite having an effective and safe vaccine, it affects 350-400 million individuals worldwide (El-Magrahe et al., 2010; Sibia et al., 2016). Among the five different hepatitis viruses, most common virus that affects liver is Hepatitis B virus (Bancha et al., 2020). It causes both chronic infection and has a high risk of development of cirrhosis and liver cancer (Yohanes et al., 2016).

The vertical transmission of HBV from infected mothers to their neonates is one of the most important routes of infection worldwide (Shoghli et al., 2014; Sirilert et al., 2021). Some believe that chronic carriers of HBV in pregnancy are associated with increased rates of miscarriage, gestational diabetes and preterm labor. Chorion angiopathy and reduced function of placenta are the main cause of fetal distress in pregnant women (Abdi et al., 2015).

Barriers to eradication of HBV transmission to offspring include under-utilization of immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccination and HBV immune globulin (HBIG), as well as failure of immunoprophylaxis. Female patients of childbearing age present a unique challenge to clinicians, who must facilitate appropriate counselling to ensure safe treatment of a mother during pregnancy (Ayoub et al., 2016).

Many international organizations (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, World Health Organization) recommend that all pregnant women to be tested for HBsAg. For many years, even though HBV vaccine & HBIG has been administered to the infant against HBV, perinatal transmission is observed in 10% of children born to mothers with high levels of viremia. For this reason, oral antiviral use in the last trimester has been recommended in some pregnant women in recent years (Bilman et al., 2021).

The UIP (Universal Immunization Program) schedule of India recommends Hepatitis B vaccine to all infants within 24 hours of birth, followed by three doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks to complete the schedule. In case of an unimmunized adult, the vaccine administered at 0, 1 and 6 months (Das et al., 2019).

Hence this study was done to determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg in otherwise healthy antenatal women.

Reference

Abdi F. 2015. Hepatitis B and pregnancy: An update review article. World J Obstet Gynecol. 4(1), 1-8.

Ayoub WS. 2016. Hepatitis B Management in the Pregnant Patient: An Update. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 4, 241–247.

Bancha B. 2020. Prevalence of hepatitis B viruses and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in public hospitals of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia. PlosOne 15(5),e0232653.

Bilman FB. 2021.  Prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity during pregnancy and evaluation of vaccination programs: A multi center study in Turkey. North Clin Istanb 8(4),359–364.

Borgia G. 2012. Hepatitis B in pregnancy. World Journal of Gastro Enterology 18(34), 4677-4683.

Das R. 2019. Status of seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in pregnant females: a hospital based study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8(12), 4858-4861.

Dortey BA. 2020. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. PlosOne 15(4), e0232208. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232208

El-Magrahe H. 2010. Maternal and neonatal seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Tripoli, Libya. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4(3),168-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5317/wjog.v4.i1.1    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232653

Rajendiran S. 2017. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in South India. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6(1), 249-251.

Shoghli A. 2014. Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence in pregnant women: A cross‑sectional survey in Iran. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 5 (Suppl 3), S213–S218.

Sibia P. 2016. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection among Pregnant Women in One of the Institute of Northern India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 10(8), QC08-QC09.

Sirilert S. 2021. Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Immunological Response, Natural Course and Pregnancy Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, 2926.

Yohanes T. 2016. Seroprevalence and Predictors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Routine Antenatal Care in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia. Hepatitis Research and Treatment 2016, 9290163. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9290163

Source : Status of prevalence ofhepatitis-B in pregnant women: A hospital based study 

Read More

Growth Performance of Rabbits Fed with Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala Leaves in Southern Benin | InformativeBD

Azonwakin Rodrigue Akotegnon, Euloge Oscar Manhognon Faton,  Fatoumata Bah, Kenneth Zougou, Eudoxie Sidoine Kai Assou,  Clémentine Michodjehoun, Steven Chokki, Assirius Kotomale, and Alphonse Sezan, from the different institute of Benin. wrote a Reseach Article about, Growth Performance of Rabbits Fed with Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala Leaves in Southern BeninGrowth Performance of Rabbits Fed with Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala Leaves in Southern Benin. Entitled, Effects of Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves on the growth performance of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern Benin. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Our study aims to analyze the effect of adding Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves to the diet of rabbits on their zootechnical parameters. This study was conducted on 16 weaned rabbits aged 8 weeks, divided into four groups and fed different diets, including either commercial feed alone or commercial feed supplemented with Ipomoea aquatica or Leucaena leucocephala leaves. We measured growth parameters, feed utilization, and carcass characteristics. The results showed that the addition of Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves significantly improved (p<0.001) the rabbits’ growth rate. The group fed with commercial feed and Ipomoea aquatica leaves exhibited the best feed conversion ratio. Although the diets showed significant differences, there was no significant difference in carcass yield, even though the group receiving commercial feed with Ipomoea aquatica leaves had a higher yield. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that adding Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves to rabbit diets can enhance their zootechnical performance. 

Read more : Phytochemical and Spectroscopic Profiling of Clerodendrum inerme Leaf Extract | InformativeBD

Introduction

Proteins are essential for growth, reproduction, immunity, as well as the maintenance and development of bones in humans. They play a key role in the overall functioning of the body (Elmadfa and Meyer, 2017; Wu, 2016). The rabbit farming industry is an important sector for the economies, both rural and urban, of many countries (Oseni and Lukefahr, 2014). It provides high-quality animal proteins to a growing population and contributes to improving the livelihoods of local producers (Lebas et al., 1997). However, feed costs represent a significant portion of the total production costs for rabbits, posing a major challenge for breeders (Gidenne et al., 2010).

In this context, several studies have explored the incorporation of low-cost, nutrient-rich plant byproducts into animal feed. Among them, the leaves of Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala have been successfully used in the feeding of various animal species, such as poultry, ruminants, and pigs (Pascual et al., 2003; Koné et al., 2020). Research by Defang et al. (2014) showed that incorporating 20% Leucaena leucocephala into the diet improves feed intake and digestibility in rabbits. 

To assess the potential effects of incorporating Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves into rabbit feed, a study was conducted under the title: "Effects of Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala Leaves on the Growth Performance of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Benin." This research aims to evaluate the potential benefits for local producers, including reducing production costs, improving feed quality, and optimizing rabbit growth.

The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of incorporating Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves on the growth parameters of rabbits. More specifically, it involves analyzing the feed consumption associated with these leaves, as well as their effect on growth rate and meat production in rabbits fed these diets.

Reference

Akomagni LA, Guidibi E. 2006. Monographie de la commune de Ouèssè. Afrique Conseil.

Akpo Y, Kpodekon M, Djago Y, Youssao I. 2016. Effet de l’Ipomoea aquatica sur les performances de croissance des lapereaux et la qualité organoleptique de la viande de lapin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 10(1), 367–375. http://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v10i1.29

Defang HF, Keambou TC, Manjeli Y, Teguia A, Pamo TE. 2014. Influence de la farine des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala sur les performances de croissance des lapereaux. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8(4), 1430–1437. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i4.11

Defang HF, Keambou TC, Manjeli Y, Teguia A, Pamo TE. 2014. Influence de la farine des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala sur les performances de croissance des lapereaux. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8(4), 1430–1437. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i4.21

Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. 2017. Animal proteins as important contributors to a healthy human diet. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 5, 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022943

Fomunyam RT, Kana JR. 2016. Performance des lapins nourris avec des rations contenant des niveaux croissants de feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala. Journal of Applied Animal Research 44(1), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1031778

Gidenne T, Lebas F, Fortun-Lamothe L. 2010. Feeding behaviour of rabbits. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-692-0

Koné M, Kpodekon M, Mensah GA. 2020. Effet de l’incorporation des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala et d’Ipomoea aquatica sur les performances zootechniques des lapins au Bénin. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010001

Konmy G, Kpodekon M, Mensah GA. 2020. Effet de l’incorporation des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala et d’Ipomoea aquatica sur les performances zootechniques des lapins au Bénin. Journal of Animal Science Research 12(3), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1234/jasr.v12i3.5678

Kouassi P, N’Dri Y. 2019. Impact de l’utilisation de Leucaena leucocephala dans l’alimentation des monogastriques en zone tropicale. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 30(2), 4783–4792. https://doi.org/10.35759/JAPS.2019.30.2.10

Lebas F, Coudert P, de Rochambeau H, Thébault RG. 1997. The rabbit: Husbandry, health and production. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5874-1

Nguemfo EL, Teguia A. 2015. Utilisation des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala comme source de protéines dans l’alimentation des lapins en zone tropicale humide. Tropicultura 33(1), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.25518/2295-8010.1001

Ognika G, Kouadio JH. 2021. Étude comparative de l’utilisation de différentes sources protéiques végétales dans l’alimentation des lapins au Congo. African Journal of Agricultural Research 16(5), 789–798. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2021.12345

Oseni SO, Lukefahr SD. 2014. Rabbit production in low-input systems in Africa: Situation, knowledge and perspectives – A review. World Rabbit Science 22(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2014.1348

Pascual JJ, Cervera C, Blas E. 2003. Recent advances in rabbit nutrition: Emphasis on alternative feeds. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936693.0000

Seng M, Ven S. 2023. Supplementation of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) on the utilization of Mimosa pigra and Leucaena leucocephala leaf for in vitro fermentation. Veterinary World 16(1), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.215-221 

Soulemane M, Adama T. 2018. Valeur nutritionnelle des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala et d’Ipomoea aquatica dans l’alimentation des ruminants. Revue Africaine de Nutrition Animale 7(2), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.4314/rana.v7i2.9

Tchoumboue J, Boukila B. 2017. Effets de l’incorporation de différentes proportions de feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala dans la ration des lapins en croissance. Livestock Research for Rural Development 29(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrrd.2017.09.176

Wu G. 2016. Dietary protein intake and human health. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.71

Xochipelli T. 2021. Composition chimique et valeur nutritive de différentes plantes fourragères tropicales. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 15(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.4038/jta.v15i1.9012

Source : Effects of Ipomoea aquatica and Leucaena leucocephala leaves on the growth performance of rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern Benin 

 

 

 

Read More