Natural Control: Larvicidal Effects of Madre de Cacao Extract on Horn Fly Larvae | InformativeBD

Antonio Tangayan, Hershey P. Mondejar, and  Zeam Voltaire E. Amper, from the  different institute of Philippines, wrote a Research Article about, Natural Control: Larvicidal Effects of Madre de Cacao Extract on Horn Fly Larvae. Entitled, In vitro larvicidal activity of varying concentrations of madre de cacao (Gliricidiasepium Jacq.) Concentrated crude ethanolic extract againts larvae of horn fly (Haematobiairritans Linn.). This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

A study on in vitro larvicidal activity of different levels of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidiasepium Jacq. Steud) concentrated crude ethanolic extract (CCEE) against hornfly larvae (Haematobiairritans Linn.) was conducted. The air-dried leaves of Gliricidiasepium were infused in a 1:3 ratio (w/v) using ethanol as a solvent and concentrated in a rotary evaporator (60°C). A total of 120 larvae of Haematobiairritans were exposed in various concentrations: 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm. Based on the result after 5 hours of exposure, CCE G. sepium extract at 200 ppm showed less effect with 30% mortality compared to 400 ppm, 800 ppm and 1000 ppm with 70%, 83% and 100% mortality, respectively. Findings also revealed that CCE of G. sepium extract at 1000 ppm, 800 ppm, and commercial larvicide were comparable in causing mortality of H. irritans larvae from the first hour up to the fifth hours of exposure. However, in the fifth hour, 400 ppm was also found to be effective. This suggests that the higher the concentration of CCE G. sepium extract and the longer the time of exposure, the higher is the percentage mortality of the larvae. Thus CCE G. sepium extract can be used as an alternative for commercial larvicide.

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Introduction 

Horn flies (HaematobiairritansLinn.) is an external parasite considered to be one of the economically important pests infesting cattle. Infestation would result in to decrease in the production (Byford et al., 1992) as these flies will feed on the body tissues including the skin, hair and blood of animals (Kaufman et al., 1995). They also serve as vectors of blood parasites (Fitzpatrick and Kaufman, 2011) and once cattle are infected, it may even lead to the death of the animal (Lovaas, 2008).

The adult hornflies spend most of their life on their host and they swarm on the back and shoulders of the cattle (Cumming and Murray, 2006) causing annoyance and blood loss that results in chronic wasting of calf and decline in cow milk production (Loftin and Corder, 2011).

To combat these flies, most cattle owners utilized synthetic insecticides. However, the improper usage of insecticides may cause the development of resistance against the target pests and can even cause serious human health concerns (Mock, 1997). Thus botanical insecticides derived from plant extracts as an alternative source for chemical control of pests are being looked into (Detablan, 2013). In the Philippines, Madre de Cacao (Gliricidiasepium) is the most ideal plant to use as this is abundant in all parts of the country. There are many compounds found in Gliricidiasepium. These compounds are reported to have potential antidiarrheic, antidysenteric, antimutagenic, antinephritic, antioxidant, antiradicular, antiviral, bactericide, cancerpreventive, hepatoprotective and viracide activities.

There is no literature regarding the larvicidal activity of Madre de Cacao (Gliridiasepium) against horn fly in particular, the effective level of Gliricidiasepium CCE extract to be administered as well as the duration of effectivity against Horn fly larvae, thus this study was conducted. The results of this study will be used as a basis and as reference for further study of the potential of Madre de Cacao as an alternative to chemical insecticides.

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Article source :  In vitro larvicidal activity of varying concentrations of madre de cacao (Gliricidiasepium Jacq.) Concentrated crude ethanolic extract againts larvae of horn fly (Haematobiairritans Linn.)