Healing Licks? Testing Animal Saliva Against Pus-Forming Bacteria | InformativeBD

Muhammad Muzammal,  Saqib Ali Rustam,  Shawana Huma, Muhammad Sohaib,  Safeer Ahmad, Muhammad Zeeshan Ali, Kaleem Ullah shah,  Muhammad Hanif,  Rizwan,  Fatima,  Sohail Ahmad,  Saima Mashal,  Hafsa Qureshi and Safeena Sadiq, from the  different institute of Pakistan and China, wrote a Research Article about, Healing Licks? Testing Animal Saliva Against Pus-Forming Bacteria. Entitled, In-vitro effect of domesticated animal’s saliva against puss forming bacteria. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB.  an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Puss forming bacteria increasing their resistance against number of antibiotics, this study was done to check the antibacterial activity of domesticated animal’s saliva before and after feeding against 5 different puss forming bacteria using disc diffusion method. In this study saliva was taken from three domesticated animals i.e. dog, horse and cat and examine against five puss forming bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Among the test saliva, highest antibacterial activity was shown by dog saliva (21+1mm before feeding &23+1mm after feeding)against Escherichia coli and its activity was lowest(16+1mmbefore feeding and19+1mm after feeding) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. In case of cat, its saliva shown highest activity (20+0.6mm before feeding &22+0.8mm after feeding) against Staphylococcus aureus and its activity was lowest (16+0.6mm before feeding &16.5+0.9mm after feeding) against Streptococcus pyogenes and in case of horse highest antibacterial activity (18+0.3mm before feeding and 18.2+0.7mm after feeding) was shown by its saliva against Salmonella typhi and lowest (16+1 mm before feeding) against Staphylococcus aureus and after feeding its activity was lowest (17.6+0.5mm) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Before and after feeding the pH of saliva was also measured. PH of dog saliva before and after feeding was 8.46 and 8.22, for cat it were 8.1 and 7.9 and for horse it were 7.2 and 6.5 respectively. Form the result it has been suggested that animal’s saliva has high antibacterial activity against number of pathogenic bacteria and can be used as antibacterial drug in near future.

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Introduction

The species of vertebrates that has been captured and domesticated by humans; to live and breed in tuneful environment provided by humans is called domesticated animals. Domestication is the process of human forethought control over domesticates protection, tame full training, distribution, protection, and most important their breeding behavior to obtain specific and identified goals (Zeder, 2012). Breeding of domestic animal is controlled by humans. The domestication of animals and plants over past 1150 years has affected significantly biosphere by effecting human population and changing the human evolution. The process of domestication was started from dog, domestication of animal accessible through evidence of archaeology and driven by unintentional as well as willful actions of humans (Zeder, 2012). Day by day bacterial resistance is increasing and commercially available antibiotics are getting less effective. So for this reason many pharmaceuticals companies are trying many other sources to overcome this problem. So for this reason we looked for animal’s saliva because wounds that are licked by the animals are not get infected and vice versa. So there was possibility that animal saliva must have something in it which lowers the affect of bacteria and help in reducing the chance of infection. So, for this reason we use saliva for most common domesticated animals i.e. Dog, cat and horse and check their activity against number of pathogens.

In this study, we use 3 domesticated animals including Dog, Cat and Horse and check their saliva ability to kill the bacteria that are involved in formation of puss. As we know animals a have the ability to lick their wound so they don’t get infected. Our study was to check that either animal saliva is good for human pathogens or not. Saliva is liquid composition secreted by serous and mucous salivary glands. The basic unit of salivary gland is clump of acing cells they release fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus and enzymes all are these come out into the collecting ducts. The composition of this fluid is change in the collecting ducts. Most of the sodium is diligently reabsorbed, potassium is secreted, and large amount of bicarbonate ion are secreted.

Domesticated animals include goat, bovine and equine animals, sheep, dog, cat, honey bee, poultry, and other domesticated birds. Cat, (feliscatus) member of family felidae, order carnivore, also known as house cat(Wanget al., 2008. Domestic cats have features like low-laying bodies, finely sculpture heads, long balancing tail, and adaptable teeth and claw for active hunting(Davis and Valla, 1978). They are active, agile and having feature of carnivore relate them to their wild relatives. Dog, (canis lupus familiarizes), member of family canidae, abundant terrestrial carnivore. It is subspecies of gray wolf. (Larson and Fuller, 2014) For more than 12,000 year, dog is friend, protector, and hunting adorable partner. The dog and cat are the most popular domestic animal. Horse, (equuscaballus) a hoofed mammal of family equidae. This family consisted of single species, Equuscaballus, whose other varieties known as breed. Before the invention of vehicles, horse use as a source of transportation, use for riding etc. (Pickering et al., 2010).

Pus is yellowish brown, white-yellow liquid formed due to inflammation on the site of inflammation caused by infection of bacteria or fungus. A space containing pus in tissue is known as abscess and visible pus within or below epidermis is known as pustule (Ku et al., 2018; De Almeida et al., 2008).

Main aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of saliva of domesticated animals like dog, cat and horse before and after feeding. Change in PH of animal’s saliva were also measured and show that what kind of change occur before and after feeding.

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Article source : In-vitro effect of domesticated animal’s saliva against puss forming bacteria