Phytochemical & Antioxidant Profiles of Local and HYV Rice in Bangladesh | InformativeBD

Mohammad Abdul Mannan, Tushar Chandra Sarker, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, and Mohammad Firoz Alam,  from the institute of Bangladesh. wrote a Research article about, Phytochemical & Antioxidant Profiles of Local and HYV Rice in Bangladesh. Entitled, Screening of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant properties in local and HYV of Bangladeshi Rice (Oryza sativa L.). This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Naturally occurring antioxidant supplements from plants are vital to counter the oxidative damage in cells where consumption of whole grain plays a vital role. As a dietary supplement, antioxidant activities of five local and HYV rice (Kalijira, Chinigura, Hizoldigha, BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29) of Bangladesh were examined through DPPH antioxidant assay. Methanol extract of bran, polished and unpolished grain of each genotype were used as a studied sample. Studied sample showed significant antioxidant activity. Where bran is more potent part of rice showed higher antioxidant properties compeering unpolished and polished grain. Unpolished grain also showed greatest result where polished grain showed less performance. Among different genotypes Kalijira bran is black in color and showed better scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 60.12 μg/ml. Hizoldigha unpolished grain is red in color and showed higher antioxidant properties (130.2 μg/ml) compeering other unpolished grain. IC50 value of the positive control as BHT was 37.35 μg/ml. The result of present investigation denotes that the studied genotypes possess moderate antioxidant activity where Kalijira bran bear high antioxidant compound and keep demand to more processing and recently is using for extracting edible oil commonly called as rice bran oil. Unconventional Hizoldigha grain also contain high antioxidant activity and can be considered as nutraceutical foods as staple food.

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Introduction

It is widely recognized that dietary ingredients have a dual role, one of them is nutritional and another is pharmaceuticals. So now it’s often called nutracuticals. In recent years, cereals and its ingredients are accepted as functional foods and nutraceuticals because of providing dietary fiber, proteins, energy, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants required for human health. Plant derived antioxidant such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolic compounds (polyphenols) (Choi et al., 2007), besides other bioactive compounds are reported to have antioxidants activity. Currently, synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate (PG) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) are used under strict regulations because of their toxic effects on human enzyme systems (Hatate et al., 1990, Hattori et al., 1998). In contrast, natural antioxidants have attracted more and more interests because of their safety and wide distribution properties (Lewis, 1993).

The phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables are different from those in the grains, which contain tocotrienols and tocopherol, while rice is contain oryzanol (Lloyd et al., 2000). The phenolic like ferulic acid and diferulate are predominant in grains, but are not significant in some fruit and vegetables (Bunzel et al., 2001). Thus, the regular insertion of cereals and their processed products can make a payment to health endorsement and disease avoidance (Chaturvedi et al., 2011).

Rice, being one of the most produced and consumed cereals in the world (FAO, 1995), has an important role in the relation between the diet and health. Several compounds with antioxidant activity have been identified in rice, including phenolic compounds, tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol (Iqbal et al., 2005). Among them phenolic compounds is one of most important that are secondary metabolites of plants, with different activities such as protection against pathogens and predators, mechanical support, attraction of pollinating animals, and protection against ultraviolet radiation (Parr and Bolwell, 2000). Several phenolic compounds have already been identified in rice. The phenolic compounds are mainly associated with the pericarp in rice; hence, the milling process reduces the concentration of these compounds in the grain. Besides, grains with darker pericarp colour, such as red and black rice, contain higher amounts of polyphenols (Tian et al., 2004). The concentration of total phenolics in the grain has been positively associated with the antioxidant activity (Zhang et al., 2006).

Rice bran is an underutilized co-product from rice milling and generally used as animal feed, although it has long been considered an excellent source of vitamins and other nutrients. Bidlack (1999) has shown that rice bran may contain over 100 different antioxidants. Lloyd et al. (2000) also reported that, rice bran contains high amounts of beneficial antioxidants including tocopherols, tocotrienols, and oryzanols. It is also remarkable that, antioxidants containing level also depend on the type of rice (Gaydou et al., 1980). However if we see the rank of antioxidant rich food, than it will be clearer that the color fruits, vegetables, spices and nuts are more potent to show antioxidant activity than grain. But all of those are expansible and not edible as much as we need where rice is only foods that we take maximum amount per day and suitable for all classes of people. So if we could find out the high antioxidant compound containing rice genotypes and increase the amount of those phytochemicals in our daily diet rice, than it would be also beneficial like golden rice. Studied genotypes Kalijira and Chinigura are local aromatic varieties and small in size, Hizoldigha is low yielding local Amon varieties with red color pericarp and normally grown in deep water where BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 are modern transplanted high yielding varieties of Bangladesh.

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of rice genotypes generally cultivated if Bangladesh and are important in different aspects. Here DPPH antioxidant assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of selected sample because scavenging of DPPH radical is the basis of the popular DPPH antioxidant assay (Kordali et al., 2005).

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Article source : Screening of phytochemical compounds and antixidant properties in local and HYV of Bangladeshi Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 

 

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Floral Flavonoids: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Power of Tamarix africana | InformativeBD

Abdelhamid Khabtane,  Azzeddine Zeraib,  Laiche Aouidane,  Wahiba Kara Ali,  Fatima Zohra Belguidoum, and  Chabane Rahmoune, from the different institute of Algeria, wrote a Research article about, Floral Flavonoids: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Power of Tamarix Africana. Entitled, In vitro evaluation of the anti-microbial activity and the anti-oxidant activity of the flavonoids extracted from the flowers of the Tamarix africana Poir. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to determine the quantity, the quality, the antimicrobial activity and the antioxidant power of various extracts of the flavonoids obtained from the flowers of Tamarix africana Poir. The quantification of the extracts obtained was revealed in high yield of the flavonoids with respectively: the methanoic extracts (26.31%), the extracts of the aqueous phase (19.29%), the extracts of ethyl acetate (0.87%), the extracts of petroleum ether (0.18%). The qualitative study, using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC), showed the dominance of Flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones and 3-glycosidic Anthocyanidins. The study of microbial activity revealed an important bactericidal power for the extracts of the aqueous phase on Gram + bacteria with a disc of inhibition of 24±1mm on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 and 20±1mm on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, For the antifungal activity all the extracts gave important effects on Podosphaera leucotrichia (apple powdery mildew), with a maximum disc inhibition of 20±1mm for the ethyl acetate extracts, on the other hand alone The ether extracts of the petrol which showed an inhibitory effect on Penicillium sp. The antioxidant study, expressed as a percentage of DPPH, showed a high efficiency of the various extracts; In particular that of the ethyl acetate extract which inhibits oxidation and traps the free radicals at 100%, which demonstrating the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain types of cancer.

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Introduction

The resistance developed by pathogenic organisms to antibiotics, the spread of many carcinogenic diseases and the excessive use of pesticides polluting ecosystems are reasons that have pushed research towards the exploitation of medicinal plants used Since antiquity using the healing power of their secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. (Benabdallah, 2016).

Among these plants are the Tamarix species from the Tamaricaceae family, of which Algeria has more than 15 species of this genus (Khabtane and Rahmoune, 2012). View the use of these plants in traditional medicine in some cases of cancer, diarrhea, hair loss, etc. (Khabtane and Rahmoune, 2010); many studies are carried out on biological activity (antibacterial effect only), neglecting the fungicidal effect, as well as the antioxidant power of the different parts of the Tamarix species such as (Ksouri 2009, Wang, 2009 Saıdana, 2008, Parmar et al., 1994 and ...)

On this vision, our work aims at: the quantitative and qualitative determination of the various extracts of the flavonoids obtained from the floral part of Tamarix africana Poir. The determination of the bactericidal effect and the fungicidal effect which is applied for the first in this work against a fungal species known for its detrimental effects on the production of apple trees (Podosphaera leucotrichia) and finally to put the accent on the antioxidative power of the extracts obtained.

To assess the antimicrobial activity we chosed five species of pathogenic bacteria that are: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp. for the Fungi We chosed two species: Podosphaera leucotrichia (powdery mildew of apple) which constitutes a threat to the to the arboriculture of apple tree which characterizes the region Khenchela and Penicillium sp.

At the end of the in vitro determination of the antioxidant power we applied the method of Blois (Ben Mansour, 2015), (Biswas 2014), where the free radical DPPH unstable has a dark violet coloration, when it is reduced and the coloration becomes pale yellow

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Article source :  In vitro evaluation of the anti-microbial activity and the anti-oxidant activity of the flavonoids extracted from the flowers of the Tamarix africana Poir

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Comparative Antioxidant Activity of Popular Philippine Herbal Teas | InformativeBD

Amanda Villaggi, Victoria Carranza,  Ariana Defrancesco, Judy Kristel V. Bayalas, Rollan Paul Parakikay, Jose Rene L. Micor,  and Elmer-Rico E. Mojica, from the different institute of the United States and  Philippines. wrote a Research Article about, Comparative Antioxidant Activity of Popular Philippine Herbal Teas. Entitled, A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of selected Philippine herbal teas. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB). an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Tea ranks as the second most consumed beverage worldwide, surpassed only by water. With an annual production of approximately 2.5 million metric tons of dried tea, its popularity has surged in recent years, largely due to its recognized health benefits, particularly as a rich source of potent antioxidants. This study focused on evaluating the total phenolic content of seven commercial herbal tea samples from the Philippines using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Additionally, antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assays, and the findings were correlated to the phenolic content. The results revealed that mango tea showed the highest phenolic content followed by pito-pito tea. In terms of antioxidant efficacy, the pito-pito tea showed the lowest IC50 value in the DPPH assay, while mango had the lowest IC50 value in the ABTS assay, followed closely by pito-pito. A correlation was found between the phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the teas.

Read more : Fishing Gears and Their Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems in Barpeta District, Assam | InformativeBD

Introduction

Tea, one of the world’s most popular beverages, holds profound cultural and historical significance across various societies. With over 2 billion cups consumed daily, tea is produced in more than 60 countries, demonstrating its universal appeal. Traditionally, tea is made from the dried leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, celebrated for its numerous health benefits. Green tea, for instance, is known to boost the immune system and improve cardiovascular health, while black tea has been linked to a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes (Khan and Mukhtar, 2007). However, as awareness of the potential negative effects of caffeine has grown, many people have turned to herbal teas as a caffeine-free alternative that still offers a variety of health benefits.

Unlike traditional tea, herbal teas are not derived from the Camellia sinensis plant. Instead, they are made from a blend of ingredients known as tisanes, which include leaves, bark, nuts, fruits, and other botanical elements. These herbal blends are prized not only for their flavor but also for their medicinal properties. Often crafted with specific health outcomes in mind, herbal teas can help boost the immune system, provide antioxidants, or promote relaxation (Serafini et al., 2011). For example, chamomile tea is well-regarded for its calming effects, while peppermint tea is commonly used to alleviate headaches and improve digestion (McKay and Blumberg, 2006).

The global rise in the popularity of herbal teas has coincided with a growing interest in natural antioxidants, which play a crucial role in maintaining the body’s balance by neutralizing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to degenerative diseases (Bocci and Valacchi, 2013). Recent studies have highlighted a preference for natural antioxidants like those found in herbal teas over synthetic ones as these have been associated with toxicity and carcinogenicity (Pokorny, 2007). This trend underscores the increasing demand for healthier, plant-based alternatives in both dietary and medicinal contexts. 

In the Philippines, a country rich in biodiversity, herbal plants have long played a vital role in traditional medicine and are deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of the nation. Although many of these plants are not indigenous to the region, they have been used for centuries for their medicinal properties, contributing to a rich historical legacy. Philippine herbal teas, such as those made from guava, mango, guyabano, pito-pito, malunggay, and ampalaya, have gained popularity for both their health benefits and cultural significance. These teas are typically prepared by brewing or boiling plant materials in water, and are often enhanced with sweeteners or spices to improve their flavor. A growing body of literature emphasizes the importance of understanding the benefits of various Philippine herbal products to ensure their safe and effective use (Maramba-Lazarte, 2020), particularly in light of ongoing research into remedies for diseases like COVID19, diabetes, and hypertension.

This study focuses on six popular Philippine-based herbal teas, examining their potential health benefits by analyzing their polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. The research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how these locally sourced herbal teas contribute to health and well-being, aligning with the global trend of turning to natural, plant-based remedies for maintaining health and preventing disease.

Reference

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Bocci V, Valacchi G. 2013. Free radicals and antioxidants: how to reestablish redox homeostasis in chronic diseases? Current Medical Chemistry 20(27), 3397-3415. DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320270005.

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Source : A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of selected Philippine herbal teas

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