%20Schott%20found%20in%20Bukidnon,%20Philippines.%20(A)%20Upper%20part.%20(B)%20Lower%20part..JPG "N. biserrata (Sw.) Schott found in Bukidnon, Philippines. (A) Upper part. (B) Lower part.")
Aileen May G. Ang, Edsel Tan, Rainear A. Mendez, Melania M. Enot, Jessa May B. Ofima, Reggie Y. Dela Cruz and Gina B. Barbosa, from the different institute of Philippines, wrote a Research Article about, Fern Power: Natural Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Tropical Plant Extracts. Entitled, In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott Rhizome and Angiopteris palmiformis (Cav.) C. Chr. Leaf Extracts. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
Increasing inflammation-mediated
health issues have driven the search for more natural anti-inflammatory drug
sources. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Nephrolepis
biserrata rhizome and Angiopteris palmiformis frond extracts
were determined via inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes, 15-lipoxygenase(15-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Extraction with absolute ethanol was
done followed by subsequent partitioning with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water.
Results revealed that the ethyl acetate-soluble partition (Nb-EtOAc) and
aqueous partition (Nb-Aq) of N. biserrata and the ethanolic extract
(Ap-EtOH) of A. palmiformis exhibit active inhibition against the
15-LOX enzyme. All of the N. biserrata extracts (Nb-EtOH, Nb-Hex, Nb-EtOAc,
and Nb-Aq) and the hexane-soluble partition (Ap-Hex) of A.
palmiformis were found to be active and selective towards inhibition of
the COX-2 enzyme. The observed anti-inflammatory activity of N.
biserrata rhizome and A. palmiformis frond extracts suggests
that N. biserrata rhizomes and A. palmiformis fronds are
potential sources of natural anti-inflammatory components.
Read more : Natural vs. Reforested: Mangrove Diversity in Panguil Bay | InformativeBD
Introduction
Inflammation is a
natural defense mechanism of a body against noxious conditions such as
microbial infection and tissue injury. Inflammation enables the removal of
harmful stimuli as well as the healing of damaged tissue (Ahmed, 2011).
However, prolonged and chronic inflammation is linked to the development of
various harmful and fatal diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular,
pulmonary, and neurological diseases (Aggarwal et al., 2006). Studies have
associated the occurrence of a variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis,
diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, asthma, and psoriasis with inflammation.
For the past thirty years, the number of inflammation-mediated diseases has
increased rapidly (Bosma-den Boer et al., 2012).
While several
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become available for the
treatment of inflammation-related conditions, they also come with unwanted
harmful side effects (Rainsford, 1999). Even with the advancements in
technology, nature remains a primary source of various potent drugs responsible
for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, inflammation-related or not.
Hence, continued screening of natural sources for biologically active compounds
is encouraged (Schumacher et al., 2011).
Nephrolepis biserrata
(Sw.) Schott, under the family Lomariopsidaceae – fringedferns, is a perennial
fern commonly found in shaded and wet places such as river banks and swamps. It
has been used as a treatment for microbial infections, wounds, stomach pain,
bleeding, boils, blisters, abscess, and sores (Shah et al., 2014; Kormin et
al., 2018). Moreover, the plant has been found to be composed of a number of
several phytochemicals that play various important roles in the body, such as
beta carotene, steroids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids,
anthraquinones, phytosterol, saponins, and flavonoids (Shah et al., 2014;
Shorinwa and Ogeleka, 2016). Angiopteris palmiformis, under the Family
Marattiaceae, is a tropical fern with large, pinnately compound fronds
measuring up to three meters in length and is commonly found in Taiwan,
Philippines, and Tahiti. In the Philippines, it is known as Elephant fern or
“pakong kalabaw”. Some biologically important compounds have also been isolated
from A. palmiformis such as triterpenoids which were found to be cytotoxic
against cancer cells (Chudzik et al., 2015).
To date, there are
still very limited studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of N. biserrata
and A. palmiformis. Hence, the potential of N. biserrata rhizomes and A.
palmiformis fronds to inhibit 15- LOX, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2
proinflammation enzymes was evaluated in this study.
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