Next-Gen Wheat: Breeding for Drought, Disease Resistance, and Better Protein Quality | InformativeBD

Lanouari Sanâa,  El Haddoury Jamal, Udupa Sripada Mahabala,  Henkrar Fatima, Nasser Boubker, and Bencharki Bouchaib, from the different institute of Morocco, wrote a Research article about, Next-Gen Wheat: Breeding for Drought, Disease Resistance, and Better Protein Quality. Entitled, The application of new breeding strategy for tolerance to drought, resistance to Hessian fly, resistance to rust and end-use quality of protein content in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This research paper published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research | IJAAR. an open access scholarly research journal on Agronomy. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Genetic diversity in crop specie is essential to breed buffered genotypes capable to withstand under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. An approach called genotypic selection based on the widespread conventional selection with the use of information of the molecular markers can facilitate breeding strategy by providing effective achievement of biotic stress resistance reducing in mean time generation interval and investments in ecological-friendly crop production is reviewed. Also the phenotypic selection is an important step in breeding programs, and genetic variability increases the chances of obtaining variance in progenies. In this study, we present a practical validation of the breeding strategy to produce bread wheat lines derived from a three elite cultivar with superior dough properties and durable rust resistance. Molecular markers were used to screen a double hybrid population produced from a cross between the three varieties of bread wheat considered as donor parents: Dharwar, Annuello and Stylet crossed with six varieties considered as recurrent parents: Achtar, Aguilal, Merchouch, Baraka, Salama and Amal. Following the phenotypic selection was applied for the doubled haploid plants to select new genotypes for rust resistance, Hessian fly resistance, drought tolerance and grain protein content.

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Introduction

In Morocco, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) occupies, in both production and area, an important position, but the productivity is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Developing new wheat varieties using the breeding program is the most effective means to managing these stresses and improving the productivity (El Haddoury et al., 2012). The objectives of the breeding strategy used in this experiment is to develop new bread wheat variety with different quality, as rust resistance, Hessian fly (HF) resistance, drought tolerance and end-use quality of a gluten protein.

The HF, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has been recognized for several years as the major pest of wheat, that attack annually the most wheat-growing regions in Morocco. The damage caused by this insect can go up to the total destruction of culture, especially if the infestation coincides with the early stage of the plant (Lhaloui et al., 2005). To overcome this problem several methods are used but the genetic control, through the introduction of the resistance in varieties, is the most effective and economical approach for control the damage caused by this insect (Lhaloui et al., 2005; Nasrellah and Lhaloui 2006). So far, 34 major HF resistance genes have been identified, named and characterized (Liu et al., 2005; McIntosh et al., 2005; Chunlian et al., 2013).

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina, stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis and stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis are the major foliar diseases of wheat, resulting in yield loss all over the world (Kaur et al., 2008). The wheat cultivars become susceptible to rusts due to their narrow genetic base for resistance and the rapid rate evolution of the pathogen, making it necessary to search for new sources of resistance. So far, nearly 58 leaf rust and 40 stripe rust resistance genes have been identified and designated as Lr1 through Lr58 and Yr1 through Yr40, respectively (McIntosh et al., 2005; Kuraparthy et al., 2007).

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factor limiting crop yields around the world. The increase in global temperature, drought stress or water shortage is projected to have a growing impact on plants and crop production (Kiliç and Yağbasanlar, 2010). The ability of a cultivar to produce high and satisfactory yield over a wide range of stress and nonstress environments is very important (Ahmad et al., 2003). The response of plants to water stress depends on several factors such as developmental stage, severity of stress and cultivar genetic (Beltrano and Marta, 2008).

In this study, we present a practical validation of the breeding strategy to produce wheat lines derived from elite cultivars with several characteristics. Molecular markers were used to screen double hybrid (DHy) lines produced from a cross between three wheat varieties considered as donor parents: Dharwar, Annuello and Stylet crossed with six varieties considered as recurrent parents: Achtar, Aguilal, Merchouch, Baraka, Salama and Amal. Following the phenotypic selection (PS) was applied for the doubled haploid (DH) plants to select new genotypes with rust resistance genes, HF resistance genes, drought tolerance gene and grain protein content.

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Article source : The application of new breeding strategy for tolerance to drought, resistance to Hessian fly,resistance to rust and end-use quality of protein content in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)