Paulo César Ferreira
Linhares, Paloma de Almeida Oliveira, Maria Francisca Soares Pereira, Janilson
Pinheiro de Assis, Roberto Pequeno de Sousa, Lunara de Sousa Alves, Joaquim
Odilon Pereira, Maria Elisa da Costa Souza, Domingos Severino de Souza Junior, Walter
Rodrigues Martins, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, and Jovynttino Francisco de
Araújo Santana
Abstract
Arugula is a
nutritionally rich vegetable. Considered a functional food, it can be used to
treat diseases and improve clinical conditions. This work was conducted at the Rafael
Fernandes Experimental Farm, in the Alagoinha district, rural area of
Mossoró-RN, from December 2016 to February 2017, with the objective of
evaluating the agronomic viability of arugula, functional vegetable under the
residual effect of species of the semi-arid region. The experimental design was
the complete randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a 5 x 3 factorial
scheme, with three replications. The first factor was constituted by four green
fertilizer (0.0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2kg m-2 dry basis) and second factor by
the types of green fertilizers (Merremia aegyptia, Calotropis procera and Senna
uniflora). Initially radish was planted in plots of 1.4 x 1.4m. After the crop
was withdrawn, the arugula cultivated Cultivada was planted. The evaluated
characteristics were: height and number of leaves per plant, yield; number of
sauces and dry matter mass of the aerial part. The best agronomic performance
of the arugula was observed in the amount of 2.4kg m-2, with yield of 902.3g m-2 and
30 arugula sauces. Among the types of fertilizers, Merremia aegyptia presented
statistical superiority in relation to Calotropis procera and Senna
uniflora for yield and number of sauces. The incentive for the cultivation
of arugula is important because its benefits are directly related to the
farmers who produce and also commercialize, and the consumers who acquire this
vegetable.
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Introduction
The production of vegetables is in a fairly intense activity in northeastern Brazil region due to the cycle of crops, ranging from 25 to 35 days. Another factor that contributes to this activity is the demand for these olerícolas products, where the producers realize plantations that meet the needs of the market (Linhares, 2009).
Among the olericolas, one finds Arugula (Eruca sativa) also known as Persian Mustard, is a Brassicaceae whose leaves are much appreciated in the form of salad, being produced in all regions of Brazil. It is estimated that the cultivated area is 6.000ha/ano (Sala et al., 2004; Purqueiro et al., 2007). Although it develops better under mild temperatures, arugula has been cultivated throughout the year in many regions (Filgueira, 2008).
In the northeastern region of Brazil, there is a large consumption of arugula due to its use in cooking in various recipes, such in pizza, in meat, which has contributed to the increase of the production area. The cultivation is mainly by family farmers in an organic production system, using manure as the main source of input. Thus, the dependence of this input makes the producer vulnerable to scarcity, since you do not always own on your property, increasing the cost of production (Linhares et al., 2014).
In this context, organic fertilization, using spontaneous species from the caatinga biome, contributed as a with resource availability, besides reducing production costs (Linhares, 2013). Spontaneous species of the caatinga occurring in the rainy season, hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and kill pasture (Senna uniflora) and throughout the year, rooster tree (Calotropis procera), has been used as organic fertilizer in the production of vegetables , contributing to the increase in productivity (Linhares, 2009).
Linhares (2013) states that spontaneous species can promote the same benefits as introduced species in cycling and nutrient availability. In this sense, some studies have evidenced the use of spontaneous species of caatinga as organic fertilizer (Linhares et al., 2009a; 2009b; Linhares et al., 2010; Linhares et al., 2011; Linhares et al., 2012; Linhares et al., 2018; Bezerra Neto et al., 2011; Góes et al., 2011; Linhares et a., 2021 and Linhares et al., 2022).
Neves et al. (2018) evaluated the production of leafy vegetables, lettuce, found efficiency in the application of mung bean in the presence of bovine manure in agronomic performance, with productivity of 1.5kg m- 2 in the amount of 2.0kg m-2.
In this sense, an important aspect to be considered when studying the organic production of vegetables, having as source of fertilizer, species of the caatinga biome, is the contribution that residues left in the soil in successive cultivation can promote in the subsequent productivity, since the fertilization of the soil in an activity as intense, as the olericultura, would increase the cost of production whenever a new crop was implanted. Therefore, with the objective of evaluating the agronomic viability of arugula, functional vegetable under the residual effect of species of the semiarid region.
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