Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Peanut Fields | InformativeBD

Seyede Negin Mirghasemi, Mina neginfar, Salar Jamali , Mina Allamoradi  and Amaneh Hosseinikhah Choshali from the different institute of the Iran, wrote a research article about, Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Peanut Fields, entitled,  "Reported some species of plant parasitic nematodes from rhizosphere of peanut (Arachis ypogaea) fields". This research paper published by the International Journal of Mycrobiology and Mycology | IJMM. an open access scholarly research journal on Mycrobiology, under the affiliation of the International Network  For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an  open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

In order to identify of peanut fields plants parasitic nematodes, 130 samples of soil around the roots of peanut plants were collected in province of Guilan, during the summer and fall of 2011. After extraction, killing, fixation and transferring to anhydrous glycerol, the nematodes were mounted on permanent microscopic slides and nematodes species identified by using light microscope, equipped with digital camera, based on morphological and morphometric characters using valid keys. In this study 20 species belonging 17 genera were identified, that are as followes: 1- Aphelenchoides sacchari 2-Aphelenchus avenae 3- Basiria graminophila 4-Coslenchus costatus 5-Ditylenchus myceliophagus 6-Filenchus vulgaris 7-Helicotylenchus digonichus 8-Heterodera cruciferae 9-Meloidogyne incognita 10-Meloidogyne hapla 11-Merlinius bavaricus 12- Mesocriconemarusticum13- Mesocriconema curvatum 14-Paratylenchus nanus 15-Pratylenchus neglectus 16- Psilenchus hilarulus 17-Quinsulcius capitatus 18-Tylenchorhynchus annulatus 19- Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi 20- Tylenchus davainei. In thisstudy, 20 species belonging 17 genera were identified that before just 6 Species2-5-7-11-15-16were reported from rhizosphere of Peanut in Iran. Other species (14 Species) are going to report from rhizosphere of Peanut in Iran as a first.

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Introduction

Arachis hypogaea, the peanut or groundnut, is an annual herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae (legume or bean family), with high protein content, vitamins and useful mineral compounds. Total commercial production of peanuts worldwide was 37.6 million tons, harvested from 24.1 million hectares, in 2010. Iran cultivated area The most under cultivating area is located in Guilan province of Iran as 90 present of peanut crop were cultivated in this area (Anon,2012).

Peanut Arachis hypogaea is considered one of the important food crops, produced in many subtropical and tropical countries; also it is a high value cash crop for small and large growers alike. It was listed as one of the twenty crop plants that stand between man and starvation (Wittwer, 1981). Numerous nematode species can damage peanut.(Minton &Baujard, 1990).Several plant parasitic nematodes were reported from peanut fields in South Eastern States of USA such as Belolaimus longicaudatus, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenaria, Mesocriconema ornatum and Pratylenchus brachyurus (Barker, 1992). Peanut root–knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria is considered one of the most serious nematode pathogens of peanut in many parts of the world, attacking peanut roots, pegs and pods and causing substantial yield losses in severely infested fields (Minton & Baujard, 1990). Meloidogyne arenaria and M. hapla are the most important peanut crop loss agent in USA, which their populations have reached as economically damaging threshold (Hirunsalee et al.,1995). Elekcioglu et al. (1994) also have reported many species Aphelenchus avenae, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, D. valveus, Pratylenchus thornei, Tylenchorhynchus goffartri from peanut fields in the east mediterranean region of Turkey.

In order to improve cultivating steps in peanut and prevent the decline of peanut crop production in traditional cultures, the need to identify plant pathogens, is the first and most important step in disease management. Since the yield loss associated with plant pathogens including plant parasitic nematodes, this study aims to investigate the peanut nematodes.

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 Source: Reported some species of plant parasitic nematodes from rhizosphere of peanut (Arachis ypogaea) fields