Coccinia Grandis: Antiangiogenic Activity in Duck Embryos | InformativeBD

Vivian C. Peligro from the different institute of the philippines.  wrote a research article about Coccinia Grandis: Antiangiogenic Activity in Duck Embryos. entitled, "Antiangiogenic activity of Coccinia grandis ethanolic leaf extract using the chorioallantoic membrane assay in anas platyrhynchos embryos". This research paper published by the International Journal of Biomolecules and Biomedicine | IJBB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biomedicine. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Vascular growth is vital for every aspect of tumor growth. Coccinia grandis is one of the medicinal plants in many countries because of its diverse ethnomedicinal uses. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of C. grandis ethanolic leaf extract using the Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM) in Anas platyrhynchos. Thirty pieces of six-day-old duck eggs were used in the study with triplicates in each treatment namely: positive control (vitamin A), negative control (ethanol), and C. grandis ethanolic extracts in 1µg/mL, 3µg/mL, and 5µg/mL. These were then applied to six-day old duck embryos and were incubated at 37°C with 65.5% humidity. The eggs were then harvested on the tenth day of incubation. The antiangiogenic effect of C. grandis ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated by taking the average number of branch points using the chorioallantoic membrane. Results revealed that in negative control angiogenesis was induced while in the different treatments of the ethanolic leaf extracts, inhibition reduced significantly. Statistical analysis supports that there was a significant difference in the antiangiogenic effect of C. grandis ethanolic leaf extract using the CAM assay on the vascularization of duck embryos. It showed that the higher the dosage, the lesser the branch points and the smaller the ducks. Further, C. grandis ethanolic leaf extract contains alkaloids and tannins which are responsible for the anti-angiogenic property and antiproliferative effects of the extract. Thus, it indicated that C. grandis ethanolic leaf extract may have a potential and promising source of chemotherapeutic agent against tumors.

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Introduction

Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt, commonly known as ivy gourd and the scarlet gourd is native in North- Central East Africa. It has been introduced and naturalized in different parts of tropical Asia, Pacific, and Americas (Chun 2001). It also occurs as a naturalized weed in the degraded land, fields and roadsides of Fiji (Smith, 1981). In addition, agricultural and residential areas were being covered by this plant (Chun 2001).

Many traditional medicinal practitioners from many countries considered C. grandis a medicinal plant because of its diverse ethnomedicinal uses. C. grandis is well-known for its several medicinal uses namely anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, antifungal, antileishmanic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antitussive, antiulcer, analgesic, antipyretic, antianaphylactic, and anti-cancer properties (Kirtikar and Basu, 1994; Yadav et al., 2010; Tamilselvan et al., 2011; Pekamwar et al., 2013; Gill et al., 2014; Nagare et al., 2015; Sakharkar et al., 2017). In addition, C. grandis ethanol leaf extract produced significant in vivo anticancer activity (Bhattacharya et al., 2011). This was validated by numerous scientific reports on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the plants (Monalisa et al., 2014). Its leaf extract was found to have alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, sterol and tannins (Alamgir et al., 2014) which suggests that the plant can be a candidate for further studies towards isolation of efficacious therapeutic agents (Monalisa et al., 2014).

 Choriollantoic membrane (CAM) model is widely used research tool in studying the morpho-functional aspects of angiogenesis in vivo and investigating the activity of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules due to its extensive vascularization (Ribatti, 2012). It is also suitable for tumor engraftment to study various aspects of the angiogenic and metastatic potential of human malignancies (Ribatti, 20012; Lokman et al., 2012) such as glioma (Westhoff et al., 2013; Warnock et al., 2013; Miranda et al., 2013), colorectal cancer (Ankri et al., 2013; Subauste et al., 2009), leukemia (Taizi et al., 2006), ovarian cancer ((Lokman et al., 2012), prostate cancer (Wittig et al., 2011; Conn et al., 2009), and osteosarcoma (Balke et al., 2010) because of its fully developed immune system in the chick embryo (Ribatti, 2012; Palmer et al., 2011).

Moreover, angiogenesis is the development of new capillary blood vessels in the body (Vinoth Prabhu et al., 2011) that sprouts from endothelium, where there is endothelial cell migration, tube formation and proliferation (Lokman et al., 2012). Seventy-two to ninety-six hours (72-96 hr), the reaction was observed after stimulation of the increasing vessel density around the implant, with the blood vessels radially joining onto the center like spokes in a wheel (Tufan, Satiroglu-Tufan, 2005). Hence, there is a flareup in the field of research for potential antiangiogeniic agents because of the success of antiangiogenic therapy for treating cancer (Lokman et al., 2012). Diseases such as cancer is an example of wherein extreme angiogenesis occurs. Thus, natural products have been discovered as angiogenesis inhibitors to treat cancer (VinothPrabhu, 2011). Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic property of C. grandis ethanolic leaf extract using duck embryo CAM assay.

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Source : Antiangiogenic activity of Coccinia grandis ethanolic leaf extract using the chorioallantoic membraneassay in anas platyrhynchos embryos