Bhavana Dixit, from the
different institute of the india, wrote a research article
about, Bilaspur's Wild Mushrooms: Edible and Medicinal Diversity,entitled,
"Diversity of edible and medicinal wild mushrooms of Bilaspur District of
Chhattisgarh in Central India".This rsearch paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly
research journal on Biodiversity, under the affiliation of the International
Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub.an open access multidisciplinary
research journal publisher.
Abstract
India is a tropical
country with a wide range of climatic conditions; it is a natural habitat for a
large range of wild mushrooms. Chhattisgarh, which is the central part of
India, has Tropical Forests providing ideal growing conditions for diverse wild
mushrooms flora including many edible and therapeutic fungi. The present study
explores the biodiversity of naturally growing wild edible and medicinal fungi
from the different forest-associated tribal/rural areas in Bilaspur. A total of
15 species of wild edible mushrooms including 8 fungi having therapeutic
properties were collected and identified. The identified species were found
saprophytic and mycorrhizal. Moreover, the majority of popular edible mushroom species
were recorded during either the early or the late rainy season. Therefore, the
present study generated a database on mushrooms diversity in the Bilaspur
District of Chhattisgarh that will help for its sustainable management.
Introduction:
Wild edible fungi have
been collected and consumed by people for thousands of years but in recent
decades, there has been a surge in global interest in the utilization of wild
edible fungi (FAO 2004). Because they are a valuable medicinal, socioeconomic resource,
and food safety and, security in many parts of the globe. Wild edible fungi are
considered a healthy food because their mineral content is higher than that of
meat or fish and most vegetables (Chan, 1981). Furthermore, fresh edible fungi
have roughly twice the protein amount of veggies (Chan, 1981). They have rich
nutritional value with high content of vitamins, protein and minerals, fibers,
trace elements, and contain no or low calories cholesterol (Agahar- Murugkar
and Subbulakshmi2005; Wani et al., 2010; Okoro I.O. et al., 2012). Moreover,
many researchers have conducted nutritional analyses of various mushroom
species, finding that they are high in protein (30–48%), carbohydrate
(125–40%), fat (1– 4%), ash (7–17%), and fiber (16% - 20% ), etc. (Pushpa &
Purushothama, 2010; Manikandan, 2011). Apart from their use as food, a variety
of edible and non-edible fungi have been utilized for therapeutic purposes
(Wasser and Weis, 1999; Hobbs, 1995), as they contain a good amount of
secondary metabolites and have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-mutagenic,
antimicrobial, and antiradical properties (Barros L et al., 2007), that may
help to prevent or lessen the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and
viral infections (Oei, 1991). Moreover, the presence or absence of mushroom
species can be used to determine whether an ecosystem is degrading or
developing, they also play a crucial role in nutrient reprocessing, plant
growth, and establishment in forests (Tapwal et al., 2013). More than 2,000
fungi have been identified as producing edible sporocarps around the world
(Boa, 2004), and 283 edible species from India (Purkayastha and Chandra, 1985;
Adhikari, 2000) among them have been cultivated.
The consumption of fleshy fungi has expanded in many nations in recent years, making it necessary to investigate the treasure trove of wild mushrooms. India is a tropical country with a wide range of climatic conditions; it is a natural habitat for a large range of wild mushrooms. Chhattisgarh, which is the central part of India, has Tropical Forests providing ideal growing conditions for diverse wild mushroom flora including many edible and therapeutic fungi. The forests of this state have a high reservoir of unexplored macro-fungal wealth, as the knowledge about various edible and medicinal fungi in different tribal/rural areas has not received significant attention. Therefore, the present study has undertaken to explore the biodiversity of naturally growing wild edible and medicinal fungi from the different forest-associated tribal/rural areas in Bilaspur. This paper reports the wild edible and medicinal mushrooms diversity from Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh, India
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