Nano Silver from Andrographis paniculata: Germicidal Power | InformativeBD

M. Revathy, C. Aswathy, S. Amutha, E. Amutha, T. Madhumitha, E. Pushpalakshmi, R. Venkateshwari, S. Rajaduraipandian, and G. Annadurai from the different institute of the India. wrote a research article about, Nano Silver from Andrographis paniculata: Germicidal Power. entitled,  "Rapid biosynthesis of highly stabilized nano silver by Andrographis paniculata leaf extract; A prioritized medicinal plant and its germicidal activity". This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The present research explains a rapid and environmental friendly route for the synthesis of highly stabilized silver nanoparticles using the Andrographis paniculata leafextract. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning electron microscope. The UV- visible spectrum exhibited surface Plasmon resonance band at 421 nm signifies the presence of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture. The XRD technique revealed the synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline in nature as well as possess face centered cubic geometry. FTIR studies were carried out to investigate the functional groups responsible for the silver nanoparticle reduction in the range 4000 – 400cm-1. EDAX analysis displayed the elemental composition in the sample. SEM analysis confirmed the synthesized particles are polydispersed in nature. The inhibition zone gradually increased with increase in silver nanoparticle concentration. Further the silver nanoparticle exhibited an effective germicidal activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms by using disc diffusion method. The in-vitro antimicrobial assay demonstrated the results of maximum inhibition zone with the (36±0.334) in Lactobacillus sp and minimum zone with (15±0.318) in Streptococcus sp. Because of the potent antimicrobial activity it might be concluded that silver nanoparticles were efficiently utilized as an effective antibacterial compounds.

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Introduction

Nanoscience and nanotechnology is a promising area of nanoscale structures and materials appliances typically ranging from 1 – 100 nm and at these range materials physical and chemical characteristics are drastically distinct from those in bulk materials because of quantum effects (Sharma et al., 2009; Matos et al., 2011). Due to their distinctive properties as well as growing use for several applications in nanomedicine, silver nanoparticles have attracted considerable importance among the rising nanoproducts. Silver in the silver nitrate or silver sulfadiazine form has been utilized for the healing of bacterial infections connected along with burns and injuries due to its antimicrobial properties for a long time (Lok et al., 2007). Several physical, chemical and biological techniques have been improved for the silver nanoparticle synthesis and it has a low yield as well as complex to synthesize nanoparticles with a definite size (Malik et al., 2010).

Traditional approaches similar to physical and chemical such as lithography, laser ablation, pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, sol-gel techniques for nanoparticle synthesis appear to be costly and harmful. Additionally the process includes numerous reactants such as sodium borohydride, potassium bitartrate, methoxypolyethylene glycol, hydrazine as well as it involves stabilizing agents sodium dodecyl benzyl sulfate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone to inhibit the metallic nanoparticles agglomeration. Though numerous techniques are obtainable for the nanoparticle synthesis, there is an essential to expand easy, cost effective, and ecofriendly methods. Hence it is vital to find an alternative biological process for metal nanoparticle synthesis with control particle size and shape for several biomedical applications (Gurunathan et al., 2009; Gurunathan et al., 2013). Plant, plant products, algae, fungi, yeast, bacteria and viruses are a huge collection of biological reserves may possibly utilized for the nanoparticle synthesis and the period needed for the absolute reduction is lesser in biological methods. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are quickly available in solution with high stability, density and depend upon the compounds like alkaloids, tannin, steroids, phenol, saponins, and flavonoids in the plant extract we assume whether the proteins, polysaccharides or secondary metabolites are able to reduce the Ag+ to Ag0 state and develop silver nanoparticles (Singhal et al., 2011). Andrographis paniculata is frequently recognized as king of bitter belongs to the family Acanthaceae indigenous to India and Srilanka. The leaves and root were utilized predominantly for therapeutic purposes in traditional ayurvedic and siddha medicine in India and several other countries. Extract of this plant revealed antifungal, antityphoid, antioxidants, anti-snake venom, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Andrographis paniculata extract contains two major chemical components acquired from the whole plant such as diterpenoids and flavonoids 7, 2’, 3’- tetramethoxyflavonone as well as 5- hydroxy-7, 2’, 3’-trimethoxyflavone which are expected to be responsible for the major bioactivities of this plant (Aliyu et al., 2009; Puri et al., 1996; Tang et al., 1992). 

A number of novel antibiotics were exploited in the previous decades; none have recovered action against multidrug resistant bacteria and due to the growing pervasiveness of microbial resistance has made the public health organization a major concern in the recent world (Mohanty et al., 2012). The main objective of the current study was to improve an easy and ecofriendly method for the silver nanoparticle synthesis and characterization by employing Andrographis paniculata. After that aim of this analysis engaged the germicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. Improving silver nanoparticles as an innovative origination of antimicrobial agents could be a desirable and cheaper means to overwhelm the multi-drug resistance difficulties noticed with bacteria.

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Source : Rapid biosynthesis of highly stabilized nano silver by Andrographis paniculata leaf extract; A prioritized medicinal plant and its germicidal activity