Hidden Parasites: Trematode Larvae Diversity in Freshwater Snails of Burkina Faso | InformativeBD

Yamba Sinaré,  Boureima Kafando,  Magloire Boungou,  Patricia Soubeiga, Noel Gabiliga Thiombianol , Idrissa Ouédraogo, and Awa Gnémé, from the institute of Burkina Faso. wrote a Research article about, Hidden Parasites: Trematode Larvae Diversity in Freshwater Snails of Burkina Faso. Entitled, Diversity and prevalence of digenean trematode larvae in five freshwater Prosobranch snails from Burkina Faso. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Many trematode parasites use molluscs as intermediate host to ensure their life cycle. In Burkina Faso, few studies have been carried out on diversity of trematode larvae on snails. For that reason, the present study aims to determine the diversity and the prevalence of trematodes larvae in snails in the reservoir of Loumbila for better safeguarding of biodiversity and effective control of parasitosis transmitted by snails. This study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020. During this period, 479 gastropods were collected using three complementary methods; a kick net was used to collect molluscs in the littoral and pelagic areas, a grab Eckman for deep benthic areas and hand picking for shoreline molluscs. The cercariae larvae stage of trematode were investigated using the shedding crushing method (by using cercarial emergence and crushing snails). The infection rate was found to be 3.55%, i.e. 17 animals infected in a total of 479. Twelve digeneans species cercariae were recorded from five species of Prosobranch snail, Cleopatra bulimoides, Cleopatra sp, Lanistes lybicus, Lanistes ovum, Bellamya unicolor. These cercariae were divided into four major groups including Cercariaeum cercariae (Two species), Xiphidiocercariae (Three species), Furcocercariae (Six species) and cercaria type 2. Cleopatra sp showed the highest diversity of trematode with nine groups of larvae among the gastropod species collected. The genus Cleopatra was the most parasitized host with the highest prevalence and Lecithodendrium sp was the most abundant parasite species during this study.

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Introduction

Gastropods are intermediate hosts of several species of Trematodes. Many species of Trematodes of biomedical and veterinary importance such as schistosomes and flukes also use these freshwater gastropods to ensure their life cycle (Martin and Cabrera, 2018). The freshwater snails are involved in the transmission of trematode species belonging to the superfamilies Schistosomatoidea, Fascioloidea, Clinostomoidea, Paramphistomoidea, Ehinostomatoidea, Diplostomoidea and Pronocephaloidea (Islam et al., 2013), which cause disease when transmitted to humans and animals. Larval Trematodes which frequently parasitize freshwater gastropods constitute a biotic stress factor which reduces the physical condition of their host (Esch and Fernandez, 1994); increases mortality and reduces animal health in multiple ways; may also reduce resistance or tolerance to other infections (Morley, 2010).

Studies of gastropods parasitic fauna have multiplied in recent years in certain regions of Africa. Indeed, the work of Mohammed et al. (2016) had shown cases of Xiphidiocercariae trematodes infection in Cleopatra bulimoides and Biomphalaria pfeifferi in Sudan in the East Nile locality. Parasitological studies conducted by Yousif et al. (2010) and Lotfy et al. (2017) in Egypt had also reported the presence of eleven groups of morphologically different Trematodes in Melanoides tuberculata.

In the West African sub-region, some cases of gastropod parasitic infections have been observed, particularly in Nigeria, with the studies of Luka and Mbaya (2015) who reported the presence of Schistosoma haematobium and Fasciola sp in Bulinus globosus and Lymnea natalensis. Seven morphologically different Trematode species in Melanoides tuberculata, Cleopatra bulimoides, Bellamya unicolor and Lanites Varicus were discovered by Abdulkadir et al. (2018).

Despite their abundance, freshwater molluscs are rarely studied in Burkina Faso. Local studies have been limited to their biogeographical distribution, biodiversity, inventory (Ouedraogo et al., 2018), and the gastropods responsible for the transmission of schistosomiasis such as Bulinus spp, Melanoides tuberculata, Cleopatra bulimoides, Bellamya unicolor and Biomphalaria spp (Poda et al., 2006; Zongo et al., 2012; Bagayan et al., 2016, Kpoda et al., 2022). According to Morley and Lewis (2006) infection by Trematode larvae influenced the physiology of gastropods and leaded host castration (Sorensen and Minchella, 2017). Moreover, trematodes are indicators of ecological changes such as the decrease in free life, biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems over time (Morley and Lewis, 2006).

This study aims to discover the diversity and the prevalence of trematode larvae into the prosobranch snails.

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Article source : Diversity and prevalence of digenean trematode larvae in five freshwater Prosobranch snails from Burkina Faso