Enrique E. Biñas Jr., from
the institute of Philippines. wrote a Research article about, Plant-Based
Protection: Rhizome Extract Pesticides for Healthier Glutinous Corn. Entitled, Efficacy
of rhizome crude extracts organic pesticide against insect-pests and its impact
on glutinous corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina) Production. This research paper
published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an
open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the
affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an
open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
The intractable
increasing cost of synthetic pesticides is certainly intense in the coming
production years. Looking into this viewpoint the farmers have to look for
alternative actions to withstand their farming business profitability. Rhizome crude extracts can be an alternative for synthetic pesticides. This study was
conducted to assess the effect of rhizome crude extracts against glutinous corn
seedling maggots, corn earworm, corn borer, armyworm, and aphids; evaluate the
effect of rhizome crude extracts on the growth and yield of glutinous corn, and
determine the profitability of glutinous corn production using rhizome plants
as a source of organic pesticide. The treatments were as follows: T0 – No
pesticide applied; T1 – Potable water alone; T2 – Ginger crude
extracts; T3 – Turmeric crude extracts; T4 – Galangal crude extracts;
and T5 – Shampoo ginger crude extracts. Results revealed that insect-pests
and their damage on glutinous corn crop were significantly lessened by the
application of rhizome crude extracts regardless of sources. This contributed
to the significant stover yield and harvest index performance of treated plants
with rhizome crude extracts thus obtained a profitable yield compared to those
plants without any pesticide applied.
Read more : Breaking Barriers: How Seed Coat Removal Boosts Terminalia superba Germination | InformativeBD
Introduction
Corn is one of the most
important cereal grains in the world (Arnarson, 2019). It is considered a
versatile crop because it is not only consumed by humans and animals but also
used as raw materials for industrial and agricultural purposes (Duong, 2020).
Glutinous corn is one
of the types of corn. It is considered as one of the main sources of income of
the farmers (Cabrido, 2018). However, glutinous corn is prone to common corn
insect-pests. It might be the reason why glutinous corn decreased its production
thus led the farmers to have a problem raising this crop (FAO 2019; Estes,
2016).
Insect-pest is one of
the major biotic factors affecting the growth and yield of crops (Liliane and
Charles, 2020). A severe incidence of pests can lead the crop to decrease its
yield (Cerda et al., 2017). The trending insect-pest in corn nowadays is the
fall armyworm. This pest brought serious damage to the corn crop (Chemwita et
al., 2020). Other insect-pests such as corn seedling maggots, corn earworm,
corn borer, etc. also contributed to the reduction of corn production (Kumar et
al., 2018). There are many recommended synthetic pesticides for corn (Bessin
and Jhonson, 2017), however, it is expensive and there is a tendency to pollute
the environment and may be dangerous to human health.
Proper crop protection
is important to attain better yields while eliminating the negative effects on
the environment and human health. Many articles revealed that there are a lot
of organic pesticides as an alternative for synthetic pesticides, one of which
is botanical crude extracts from plants that have pesticidal properties.
Rhizome plants are discovered to be the best sources of botanical pesticides
(Khan et al., 2014; Hossain et al., 2008). Pandi et al. 1993, studied the
insecticidal constituents of rhizome plants. He found that there are compounds
that have contact toxicity against larvae of the polyphagous insect-pest
Spodoptera littoralis. Nine compounds including the most active
sesquiterpenoids xanthorrhizol and furanodienone showed pronounced toxicity
against neonate larvae of S. littoralis in a contact residue bioassay. It means
to say that rhizome plants have strong pesticidal properties and has been
proven that could control insect-pests (Chaubey et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2012;
de Souza Tavares et al., 2016). This can be proof that rhizome crude extracts
can be used as an organic pesticide for crops.
The intractable
increasing cost of synthetic pesticides is certainly intense in the coming
production years. Looking into this viewpoint the farmers have to look for
alternative actions to withstand their farming business profitability.
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Executive Order 481 on the Promotion
and Development of Organic Agriculture in the Philippines on December 27, 2005.
Then, Former Agriculture Secretary Domingo F. Panganiban signed Administrative
Order No. 9 series of 2006 or the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of
EO 481 (Gov.Ph 2005).
The Department of
Agriculture has come up with programs and projects in support of EO 481. Thus,
the application of bio-organic inputs such as botanical pesticides on crops is
highly encouraged in response to the program.
Since there are limited
studies on rhizome crude extracts as an alternative organic pesticide, hence
this study was conducted to (1) assess the effect of rhizome crude extracts
against glutinous corn seedling maggots, corn earworm, corn borer, armyworm,
and aphids; (2) evaluate the effect of rhizome crude extracts on the growth and
yield of glutinous corn, and (3) determine the profitability of glutinous corn
production using rhizome plants as a source of organic pesticide.
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