Beating Tomato Wilt: Managing Fusarium with Effective Bio-Agents | InformativeBD

Maryam Yousaf, from the institute of Pakistan. Salman Ahmad, from the institute of Pakistan and Romana Anjum, from the institute of Pakistan. wrote a Research article about, Beating Tomato Wilt: Managing Fusarium with Effective Bio-Agents. Entitled, Management of Tomato Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersci with different bio-agents. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB.  an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract 

Tomato is an important fruit providing all essential nutrients. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), causing wilting in tomato plants. The mode of survival of this fungus is vascular; so not easy to control and identify at the beginning stage. Many chemicals are present in markets to control this disease but are expensive and are also causing hazardous effects on the lives of the people and the environment. Hence, there is a need to apply biological strategies to control this disease. In this experiment, six biological agents Fusicola incarnatum,Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Fusarium equisetti, Alternaria alternate and Nigrospora oryzae have been tested in vitro; among them, T. viride and F. incarnatum were found best to inhibited FOL, while after the application of bioagents T. viride and F. incarnatum in vivo. The present results showed that T. viride and F. incarnatum can control FOL.

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Introduction 

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is a member of Solanaceae family. It is mostly available all over the world (Pritesh et al., 2011). It was found 1st time in Mexico and Perue (Verma et al., 2018). Tomato production in the world is 130 million tons while its area is about 160 thousand hectares. The crop is cultivated in Pakistan on 63 thousand hectors and production is 95279 kg/ha (FAO, 2018).

Tomato is essential in our food as salads, cooked with vegetables like tomato puree, sauces, and is used in making ketchup. It is providing important vitamins like A and C (Abdullah et al., 2013). Tomatoes are a good source of lycopene, which prevents cancer, heart disorders and age-related disorders (AVRDC, 2003). Tomato is very necessary to our lives because it has important amino acids, glucose, fructose, and minerals which include Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, Cu and S. It is an important source of proteins, minerals, fibers and carbohydrates, which have following ratios 1.9 g, 0.6 g, 0.7 g and 3.7 g per 100 g of edible portion, respectively (Nikhate, 2012).

FOL is a very devastating fungus and its widespread is all over the world. This fungus causes tomato wilt in tomato (Abdallah et al., 2016) and losses due to this disease are 10 to 50% in tomato (Ghazalibiglar et al., 2016). This fungus is not easy to handle due to its mode of survival in the vascular system. It is the reason why the effectiveness of fungicides is less against this fungus (Verma et al., 2018). Among all soil-borne fungi, FOL plays a significant role in causing diseases in plants due to its saprophytic nature which enables it to survive for a longer time on the organic matter (Fravel et al., 2003).

Different chemicals are being used for the control of pests and pathogens, but these chemicals are very costly and dangerous for the environment (Song et al., 2001). The extreme use of chemicals causes effects on the non-target population, makes the pathogens resistant which enables them to live many years and thus remains a continuous threat for the crops (Bawa 2016).

For the last two decades, biological methods for the control of plant diseases have been very common (Omar et al., 2016) and considered as safe strategy; because, chemicals affect humans as well as animals leading towards ecological troubles (Banerjee et al., 2016).

Biological control is safe as well as effective for the control of diseases in plants. Trichoderma spp. are found in soil all over the world, their mode of living is free and highly compatible with roots, soil and foliar atmospheres. This fungus is famous due to having antibiotic properties against different pathogenic fungi (Omar et al., 2016). Trichoderma spp. compete with the fungal pathogens for nutrition and parasitism, degrade their cell wall, and produce resistance in the plants (Taghdiet al., 2015). The objective of the current research was to investigate the potential of different fungal antagonists against FOL in vitro and in vivo.

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Article source : Management of Tomato Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersci with differentbio-agents