Fruit Tree Biodiversity: Endemic and Introduced Species in Samboja District | InformativeBD

Rustam Baraq Noor, Marjenah, Arifien Bratawinata, and Paulus Matius, from the institute of Indonesia. wrote a Research article about, Fruit Tree Biodiversity: Endemic and Introduced Species in Samboja District. Entitled, Habitat’s biodiversity of endemic and introduction fruit trees in Samboja District Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES. an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Rustam Baraq Noor, Habitat’s biodiversity of endemic and exotic fruit trees in Samboja District Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Endemic and Exotic fruit biodiversity studied was situated in Salok Api Darat Village and Amborawang Laut Village Samboja District. This research aimed to identify the biodiversity and adaptation capabilities. The execution was in July 2015 to December 2016. The data was collected using survey, exploration, field observation and an interview for the plantation’s owner. Fruit species in the habitat of Samboja shore studied were 54 species and what was found in the field was 39 species endemic fruit trees and 21 exotic fruit trees. Species of endemic fruit trees were Durio zibethinus, Mangifera odorata, Durio kutejensis, Lansium domesticum, Nephelium lappaceum, Mangifera kemanga, Artocarpus champaden, and eksotik namely Artocarpus integra, Artocarpus altilis. Adaptation capabilities on the new habitat for Mangifera indica exotic fruit tree, it was fond that the grafting was prone to stem drill pest. The findings of the research showed that habitat biodiversity of fruit plants growing around the field and plantation were dominated by fruit which were generatively multiplied had the morphological and generative advantages which made them able to live more than 50 years. The conclusion was Habitat’s biodiversity of fruit in Samboja District was dominated by endemic fruit by 72.22 (%) percent. Fruit cultivation was recommending using the seeds from quality fruit trees.

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Introduction

Indonesia was a lucky country since it was situated in equator region that had a unique tropical forest with the highest biodiversity in the world (Whitmore, 1980). Plants biodiversity in Indonesia forest had not reached an exact number. Up until now, there were 30,000 species of flowered plants estimated which mostly were still growing wildly in forests across regions in Indonesia.

Rich of Biodiversities of the original fruit from Indonesia was also considered high and most of them had not been exploited well. Biodiversity of fruit plants in Kalimantan according to Uji (2007) was seen from a number of relatives, such as Bombacaceae which had 18 species and 14 of them were endemic, 31 species of Anacardiaceae relative for Mangifera and 3 of them were endemic (Kosterman and Bompard, 1993). Meanwhile, Uji (2005) mentioned that 23 species and 4 species of endemic as well as the center of species distribution of Mangifera spp. Next, Purwanto (2000) reported that much soil in Kalimantan was planted a number of Mango species, which had a sufficiently high Biodiversity such as Mangifera pajang. M. foetida, M indica, M. odorata. According to Soemarwoto (1989), habitat was a place for organisms (plants and animals). Based on Odum (1993); Heddy and Kurniati (1996), he explained that habitat was a communal place which covered biotic and abiotic environments.

Fruit Plantation was a means of individual or mixed trees or bushes planting. However, it was not for the purposes of harvesting, but to produce food supply (KBBI, 2016). There were also local or native plants known as endemic plants which were plants species that could only be found in one place or region and could not be found in other places (Sudarmono, 2007). Further, Nurbani (2013) demonstrated that Lai fruit (Durio kutejensis) was one of the examples of native fruit of Kalimantan, particularly, Kutai Kartanegara.

Furthermore, what was known as introduction species was a species deliberately or accidentally transported and released by humans to an outside ecosystem beyond its origin (McGinley, 2009). One instance of this species was avocado from Mexico. Samboja as the research site was one of the districts in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province which was a part of Kalimantan Island situated in Equator line 116o50’-117o14’ East Longitude and 0o52’-1 o08’ South Latitude with an area of 1.045.90 square kilometers wide. Whereas, Salok Api Darat Subdistrict was situated in the center of Samboja District and Amborawang Laut Subdistrict was situated by the shore of Balikpapan and Makassar Strait. Both areas were where the research was taking place.

Samboja District was inhabited by Javanese tribe communites on old transmigration region such as Margomulyo, Wonotirto, Amborawang Laut Subdistricts, Banjarnese tribes were on Sungai Seluang Subdistrict, Dayaknese tribes were on Paser in Salok Api Darat Subdistrict, Bugisnese tribes were on Kuala Samboja Subdistrict, Sundanese tribes were in Tanjung Harapan (BPS, 2015). Generally, Samboja District for Salok Api Darat Subdistrcit had a rather steep soil surface slope classification while Amborawang Laut had a flat classification with Utlisol kind of soil. Endemic and introduction fruit’s biodiversity on the research site was woody fruit plants which grew in Salok Api Darat and Amborawang Laut Subdistrict Samboja District. The purpose of this reseach was to gather information related to Habit Biodiversity level of endemic and introduction local fruit in Samboja District Kutai Kartanegara Regency East Kalimantan Province.

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Article source : Habitat’s biodiversityof endemic and introduction fruit trees in Samboja District Kutai Kartanegara Regency