Hidden Pests in Grain: Mapping Acarofauna, Entomofauna, and Nematofauna in Senegalese Cereals | InformativeBD

Mamecor Faye,  Aïssatou Tchimbane Diop,  Toffène Diome, and Mbacké Sembène, from the institute of Senegal. wrote a Research article about, Hidden Pests in Grain: Mapping Acarofauna, Entomofauna, and Nematofauna in Senegalese Cereals. Entitled, Contribution to the inventory of Acarofauna, Entomofauna and Nematofauna of imported or local cereals in Senegal. This research paper published by the InternationalJournal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This study was conducted during the period from December 2021 to February 2022 in the Dakar area. It was conducted to contribute to the inventory of acarofauna, entomofauna and nematofauna of imported or local cereals in Senegal. In this context, sampling was carried out in the markets of Sandaga, Tilène, Gueule Tapée and in village Diofior village. Thus, out of 16 samples of incubated cereal varieties, observation and identification of specimens obtained after sorting and extraction revealed the only presence of insects; mites and nematodes were not found in our stocks. Insects were composed of 961 specimens belonging to the Order Coleoptera (42.87%) with eight species Oryzaephilus surinamensis (14.98%), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (11.86%), Rhyzoperta dominica (8.63%), Sitophilus oryzae (5.20%), Tribolium castaneum (1.87%), Prostephanus truncatus, Carpophilus sp. and an unknown species (0.10%); the Order Lepidoptera with a single species Ephestia cautella (50.05%); the Order Psocoptera (5.93%), the Order Hymenoptera (0.72) and the Order Hemiptera (0,41). The species found in the last three orders were not identified. Results obtained showed that the local cereals are much more contaminated than imported ones. In addition, it also revealed an important diversity of insects in imported cereals, with a much more marked similarity between Senegal-Mali and China-Thailand.

Read more : Beating Tomato Wilt: Managing Fusarium with Effective Bio-Agents | InformativeBD

Introduction

Cereals are species generally cultivated for their grains whose starchy albumen, reduced to flour, is consumable by humans or domestic animals (Moule, 1971). Because of their energy source and high carbohydrate content, cereals provide 15% of our energy needs (Benhamimed and Chaoui, 2016). In Senegal, for example, as in most Sahel countries, the diet of populations is largely dominated by cereals, mainly millet, sorghum, maize and rice (Niang et al., 2017). These cereals provide basic food for more than 60% of the population (Ba, 2006). However, Senegal’s agricultural sector suffers from poor control of water resources, degradation of productive resources including soil, inputs (equipment, seeds, and fertilizers) and the lack of effective agricultural equipment. In other words, insufficient rural infrastructure limits agricultural production (Tendeng et al., 2017). As a result, in June 2013, only 41% of households had stock from their last harvest; which corresponded to about 20 days of consumption. On the other hand, these cereals are subject to many phytosanitary constraints related to arthropods and nematodes. For this reason, much work (Philogen et al., 1989; Ratnadass et al., 1989; Ashamo, 2006) refers to insect attacks and loss of cereal stocks (Guèye et al., 2011). The damage to cereal and pulse stocks caused by these depressing species has been the subject of much work in Africa and is highly harmful in many African countries. Dembelé (2020) has managed to make an inventory of insect pests encountered in the different varieties of rice stored in Senegal. But as a result of all this work (Mallamaire, 1965; Dembelé, 2020) carried out on stored cereals, the study on the inventory of acarofauna, entomofauna and nematofauna of imported or local cereals in Senegal has yet to be discussed, hence the importance of this study. The general objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of acarofauna, entomofauna and nematofauna of imported or local cereals in Senegal. This general objective is divided into several specific objectives: (i) identify acarofauna, entomofauna or nematofauna pests of imported or local cereals in Senegal; (ii) compare infestations of imported or local cereals in Senegal; (iii) determine the abundance of the listed species in the different varieties of imported or local cereals in Senegal; (iv) determine the specific diversities between the different countries.

Reference

Aoues k, Boutoumi H, Benrima A. 2017. Etats phytoparasitaire du Blé dur locale stocké en Algérie. Revue argrobiologia 7, p 286-296.

Ashamo MO. 2006. Relative susceptibility of some local and elite rice varieties to the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal Food Agriculture Environment 4, p 249-252.

Ba B. 2006. Etude géographique de l’agriculture en Afrique noire : analyse des productions céréalières et des systèmes alimentaires au Sénégal. Doctoral dissertation. University of Geneva, p 383.

Benhamimed H, Chaoui FZ. 2015. Effets de l’incorporation de graines alimentaires sur les qualités technologiques de la farine de blé destinée à la panification. Mémoire de master II en sciences agronomiques, Option : Biotechnologie Alimentaire. Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, p 114.

Chougourou DC, Ahoton LE, Adjou ES, Zoclanclounou AB, Kpoviessi DA. 2017. Entomofaune et évaluation des dégâts des insectes ravageurs de différentes formes de conservation du riz (Oryza sativa Lnné) au Sud-Bénin. Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Bénin (INRAB), (82), p 49-58p.

Delobel DA, Tran M. 1993. Les Coléoptères des denrées alimentaires entreposées dans les régions chaudes. Faune tropicale XXXII, p 442.

Dembele MS. 2020. Inventaire, abondance et impact des déprédateurs sur les pertes quantitatives de différentes variétés de riz stocké. Mémoire de Diplôme de Master en Biologie Animale, Spécialité : Entomologie. Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, p 38.

Durand F. 2018. Entomofaune et évaluation des dégâts des insectes ravageurs sur les différentes formes de conservation du maïs (Zea mays L) au sud-bénin, Ecole polytechnique d’abomey-calavi (epac) département du génie de l’environnement. Rapport de fin de formation pour l’obtention du diplôme de licence. Université d’Abomey-Calavi, p 27.

Fezzani S, Zghal F, Benamor Z, Elabed A. 2001. Etude systématique et écologique de la faune associée aux moules (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Bulletin Institut National de Science et Tech. Mer de Salammbô 28, p 9.

Gnimagnon A. 2013. Inventaire préliminaire des insectes ravageurs de différentes formes de conservation du riz (Oryzae sativa) au Sud-Benin. Rapport de fin formation professionnelle. Université d’Abomey-Calavi p 39.

Guèye MT, Seck D, Wathelet JP, Lognay G. 2011. Lutte contre les ravageurs des stocks de céréales et de légumineuses au Sénégal et en Afrique occidentale: synthèse bibliographique. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement. Biotechnol Agro. Soc. Environ 1, p 183-194.

Huchet JB. 2016. Le coléoptère, la graine et l’Archéologue : approche archeoentomologique de quelques ravageurs. Research Gate, p 28.

Mallamaire A. 1965. Les Insectes nuisibles aux semences et aux denrées entreposées au Sénégal. Congrès de la protection des cultures tropicales. Compte rendu, p 86-92.

Moule C. 1971. Céréales. Phytotechnie spéciale, (II). La Maison Rustique-Paris, p 95.

Ngamo LST, Hance TH. 2007. Diversité des ravageurs des denrées et méthodes alternatives de lutte en milieu tropical. Tropicultura 25, p 215-220.

Ncidi S. 2020. Potentiel bioinsecticide des huiles essentielles sur deux ravageurs des céréales stockées Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) et Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) et Identification de leurs ennemis naturels. Thèse de doctorat en sciences agronomiques, Spécialité: Phytiatrie. Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie. Ecole doctorale sciences et techniques de l’agronomie et de l’environnement, p 315.

Niang M, Seydi B, Hathie I. 2017. Etude de la consommation des céréales au Sénégal. Rapport final. Feed The Future Senegal Naatal Mbay, p 128.

Philogene BJR, Armson JT, Lambert JDH. 1989. Facteurs contribuant à la protection du maïs contre les attaques de Sitophilus et Prostephanus Céréales en régions chaudes. Paris : Aupelf-Uref, John LibbeyEurotext, p 47-56.

Ratnadass A, Sauphanor B. 1989. Les pertes dues aux insectes sur les stocks paysans de céréales en Côte d’Ivoire AUPELF-UREF, Editions John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, p 47-56.

Tendeng T, Labou B, Djiba S, Diarra K. 2017. Actualisation de l’entomofaune des cultures maraîchères en Basse Casamance (Sénégal). International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 11, p 1021-1028.

Zinha A. 2014. Entomofaune et évaluation des dégâts des insectes ravageurs de différentes formes de conservation du riz (Oryza sativa Linné) au Sud-Bénin. Rapport de fin formation professionnelle. Université d’Abomey-Calavi, p 35.

Article source : Contribution to the inventory of Acarofauna, Entomofauna and Nematofauna of imported or localcereals in Senegal